Green or red exit signs still meet the definition of distinctive
In the event of an emergency, employees are instructed to look for and follow signs to the nearest exit. But due to the lack of clarity by regulatory agencies such as OSHA and NFPA, there is still confusion regarding the color of exit signs. Should they be red or green.
Several regulatory agencies are involved in the governing of emergency lighting and sign requirements. This includes the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), International Building Code, and International Fire Code.
OSHA has identified, in 29 CFR 1910.37(b)(6), that “each exit sign must be illuminated to a surface value of at least five foot-candles by a reliable light source and be distinctive in color.” NFPA 101 states that exit signs “must be located and of such size, distinctive color, and design that it is readily visible and must provide contrast with decorations, interior finish, or other signs.” In order for something to be distinctive, it must be distinguishing, discerning, or having the ability to distinguish between things. As long as the Exit sign color meets the definition of distinct, it’s up to the local agencies to govern what exactly that means.
Although exit signs with red or green illumination or background are generally acceptable, some states have adopted specific preferences for the color of exit signs. For example, the Phoenix/Tucson area recommends primarily red Exit signs; across the country, the state of Indiana recommends green Exit signs, while nearby Louisville, KY has more preference for red Exit signs.
OSHA has established requirements throughout 29 CFR 1910 regarding the color of safety signs and tags (albeit, not for exit signs). General industry employers must follow the color schemes specified if the sign or tag requirement applies. However, where no color scheme is presented by a sign or tag requirement, the employer must follow the color codes presented at 1910.145. This includes the following:
- Danger signs — the colors red, black, and white must be those of opaque glossy samples.
- Caution signs — the standard color of the background must be yellow, and the panel, black with yellow letters.
- Safety instruction signs — the standard color of the background must be white, and the panel, green with white letters.
While Exit signs must be distinctive, OSHA does not mention if they must identify “Danger”, “Caution”, or “Safety instruction”. One could deduce that an Exit sign is providing safety instruction to exit a building, but as seen by the variety of states choosing red and green, it’s obvious this is a concept that has not been adopted across the country.
OSHA and NFPA state that exit signs must be a “distinctive color.” However, Regional/National Building Codes might be more specific. Employers facing confusion regarding the color of Exit signs should reach out to the local fire marshal or building inspector as a starting point.
Key to remember: Exits signs can be red or green according to OSHA, but the local fire marshal or building inspector may have a (required) preference.
