Avoid explosive mistakes when storing flammable liquids
Improper storage of flammable liquids leads to catastrophic workplace accidents, endangering employees or property. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), flammable and combustible liquids account for an estimated 8,000 structure fires per year in industrial and manufacturing properties. Additionally, OSHA cites improper storage and handling of flammable liquids as a leading cause of workplace fires. Here are seven ways to prevent costly fires:
1. Use approved containers and cabinets:
OSHA (29 CFR 1910.106) and NFPA require that flammable liquids are stored in:
- Approved safety cans having a spring-closing lid and spout cover and so designed that it will safely relieve internal pressure when subjected to fire exposure.
- Flammable storage cabinets: When storing more than 25 gallons of flammable liquids, they must be kept in cabinets that meet the NFPA construction and materials standard. These cabinets must be constructed of metal or wood, labeled with “Flammable,” and have self-closing doors in certain states.
2. Keep storage quantities within limits:
Regulations limit how much flammable liquid can be stored:
- Up to 25 gallons of flammable liquids outside a cabinet.
- Up to 60 gallons of Class I, II, and III liquids in a cabinet.
- No more than 120 gallons of Class III liquids per cabinet.
- No more than three cabinets per fire area, unless separated by 100 feet.
- Excess amounts of flammable liquids must remain in an inside storage room (see 1910.106(d)(4) on design and construction of indoor storage rooms).
3. Maintain proper ventilation:
Flammable vapors create fire hazards, so proper ventilation is crucial:
- OSHA requires workplaces to keep vapor concentrations below 25% of the lower explosive limit (LEL).
- In certain situations, monitoring systems might be required to detect excessive vapor concentrations and trigger alarms if recirculation is used.
- NFPA recommends mechanical or natural ventilation to prevent vapor build-up, especially in enclosed areas.
4. Separate and segregate flammable liquids properly:
Mixing incompatible chemicals can lead to dangerous reactions. Employers should:
- Store oxidizers, acids, and other reactive chemicals separately from flammable liquids.
- Maintain a minimum separation of 20 feet between flammable and combustible liquids or use a fire-rated partition.
5. Control ignition sources:
Flammable liquids must be stored away from anything that can ignite them:
- Keep storage areas at least 25 feet from open flames, sparks, or heat sources.
- Use explosion-proof electrical fixtures in flammable storage areas.
6. Implement spill control and emergency planning:
Even with proper storage, spills can happen. Employers should:
- Use spill containment systems like spill pallets or dikes.
- Maintain spill kits with absorbents and PPE nearby.
- Train employees on emergency response procedures in case of a spill or fire.
7. Conduct regular inspections and employee training:
Compliance is an ongoing effort. Employers should:
- Inspect flammable liquid storage areas regularly for leaks, damage, or code violations.
- Provide OSHA-mandated Hazard Communication training on handling and storing flammable liquids.
- Ensure all employees know how to read Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and use proper PPE.
- Perform process hazard analyses.
Proper storage of flammable liquids is not just about regulations; it is about preventing workplace disasters. By following safe practices, employers can reduce fire risks, protect employees, and avoid costly fines. Taking the proper precautions today ensures a safer and more productive work environment.
Key to remember: Following storage regulations, inspecting equipment, and safe work practices helps prevent fires from flammable liquids.