PHMSA is amending the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR) to maintain alignment with international regulations and standards by adopting various amendments, including changes to proper shipping names, hazard classes, packing groups, special provisions, packaging authorizations, air transport quantity limitations, and vessel stowage requirements. PHMSA is also withdrawing the unpublished November 28, 2022, Notice of Enforcement Policy Regarding International Standards on the use of select updated international standards in complying with the HMR during the pendency of this rulemaking.

DATES:

Effective date: This rule is effective May 10, 2024.

Voluntary compliance date: January 1, 2023.

Delayed compliance date: April 10, 2025.

This final rule is published in the Federal Register April 10, 2024.

View final rule.

Previous Text

§171.7 Reference material.

* * * * *

(t) * * *

(1) ICAO Doc 9284. Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (ICAO Technical Instructions), 2021-2022 Edition, copyright 2020; into §§171.8; 171.22 through 171.24; 172.101; 172.202; 172.401; 172.407; 172.512; 172.519; 172.602; 173.56; 173.320; 175.10, 175.33; 178.3.

* * * * *

(v) * * *

(2) International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), Incorporating Amendment 40-20 (English Edition), (Volumes 1 and 2), 2020 Edition, copyright 2020; into §§171.22; 171.23; 171.25; 172.101; 172.202; 172.203; 172.401; 172.407; 172.502; 172.519; 172.602; 173.21; 173.56; 176.2; 176.5; 176.11; 176.27; 176.30; 176.83; 176.84; 176.140; 176.720; 176.906; 178.3; 178.274.

(w) * * *

(32) ISO 9809-2:2000(E): Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 2: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength greater than or equal to 1 100 MPa., First edition, June 2000, into §§178.71; 178.75.

(33) ISO 9809-2:2010(E): Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 2: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength greater than or equal to 1100 MPa., Second edition, 2010-04-15, into §§178.71; 178.75.

(34) ISO 9809-3:2000(E): Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 3: Normalized steel cylinders, First edition, December 2000, into §§178.71; 178.75.

(35) ISO 9809-3:2010(E): Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 3: Normalized steel cylinders, Second edition, 2010-04-15, into §§178.71; 178.75.

(36) ISO 9809-4:2014(E), Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 4: Stainless steel cylinders with an Rm value of less than 1 100 MPa, First edition, 2014-07-15, into §§178.71; 178.75.

(37) ISO 9978:1992(E)—Radiation protection—Sealed radioactive sources—Leakage test methods. First Edition, (February 15, 1992), into §173.469.

(38) ISO 10156:2017(E), Gas cylinders—Gases and gas mixtures—Determination of fire potential and oxidizing ability for the selection of cylinder valve outlets, Fourth edition, 2017-07; into §173.115.

(39) ISO 10297:1999(E), Gas cylinders—Refillable gas cylinder valves—Specification and type testing, First Edition, 1995-05-01; into §§173.301b; 178.71.

(40) ISO 10297:2006(E), Transportable gas cylinders—Cylinder valves—Specification and type testing, Second Edition, 2006-01-15; into §§173.301b; 178.71.

(41) ISO 10297:2014(E), Gas cylinders—Cylinder valves—Specification and type testing, Third Edition, 2014-07-15; into §§173.301b; 178.71.

(42) ISO 10297:2014/Amd 1:2017(E), Gas cylinders—Cylinder valves—Specification and type testing—Amendment 1: Pressure drums and tubes, Third Edition, 2017-03; into §§173.301b; 178.71.

(43) ISO 10461:2005(E), Gas cylinders—Seamless aluminum-alloy gas cylinders—Periodic inspection and testing, Second Edition, 2005-02-15 and Amendment 1, 2006-07-15; into §180.207.

(44) ISO 10462:2013(E), Gas cylinders—Acetylene cylinders—Periodic inspection and maintenance, Third edition, 2013-12-15; into §180.207.

(45) ISO 10692-2:2001(E), Gas cylinders—Gas cylinder valve connections for use in the micro-electronics industry—Part 2: Specification and type testing for valve to cylinder connections, First Edition, 2001-08-01; into §§173.40; 173.302c.

(46) ISO 11114-1:2012(E), Gas cylinders—Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents—Part 1: Metallic materials, Second edition, 2012-03-15; into §§172.102; 173.301b; 178.71.

(47) ISO 11114-1:2012/Amd 1:2017(E), Gas cylinders—Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents—Part 1: Metallic materials—Amendment 1, Second Edition, 2017-01; into §§172.102; 173.301b; 178.71.

(48) ISO 11114-2:2013(E), Gas cylinders—Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents—Part 2: Non-metallic materials, Second edition, 2013-04; into §§173.301b; 178.71.

(49) ISO 11117:1998(E): Gas cylinders—Valve protection caps and valve guards for industrial and medical gas cylinders—Design, construction and tests, First edition, 1998-08-01; into §173.301b.

(50) ISO 11117:2008(E): Gas cylinders—Valve protection caps and valve guards—Design, construction and tests, Second edition, 2008-09-01; into §173.301b.

(51) ISO 11117:2008/Cor.1:2009(E): Gas cylinders—Valve protection caps and valve guards—Design, construction and tests, Technical Corrigendum 1, 2009-05-01; into §173.301b.

(52) ISO 11118(E), Gas cylinders—Non-refillable metallic gas cylinders—Specification and test methods, First edition, October 1999; into §178.71.

(53) ISO 11118:2015(E), Gas cylinders—Non-refillable metallic gas cylinders—Specification and test methods, Second edition, 2015-09-15; into §§173.301b; 178.71.

(54) ISO 11119-1(E), Gas cylinders—Gas cylinders of composite construction—Specification and test methods—Part 1: Hoop-wrapped composite gas cylinders, First edition, May 2002; into §178.71.

(55) ISO 11119-1:2012(E), Gas cylinders—Refillable composite gas cylinders and tubes—Design, construction and testing—Part 1: Hoop wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders and tubes up to 450 l, Second edition, 2012-08-01; into §§178.71; 178.75.

(56) ISO 11119-2(E), Gas cylinders—Gas cylinders of composite construction—Specification and test methods—Part 2: Fully wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders with load-sharing metal liners, First edition, May 2002; into §178.71.

(57) ISO 11119-2:2012(E), Gas cylinders—Refillable composite gas cylinders and tubes—Design, construction and testing—Part 2: Fully wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders and tubes up to 450 l with load-sharing metal liners, Second edition, 2012-07-15; into §§178.71; 178.75.

(58) ISO 11119-2:2012/Amd.1:2014(E), Gas cylinders—Refillable composite gas cylinders and tubes—Design, construction and testing—Part 2: Fully wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders and tubes up to 450 l with load-sharing metal liners, Amendment 1, 2014-08-15; into §§178.71; 178.75.

(59) ISO 11119-3(E), Gas cylinders of composite construction—Specification and test methods—Part 3: Fully wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders with non-load-sharing metallic or non-metallic liners, First edition, September 2002; into §178.71.

(60) ISO 11119-3:2013(E), Gas cylinders—Refillable composite gas cylinders and tubes—Design, construction and testing—Part 3: Fully wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders and tubes up to 450 l with non-load-sharing metallic or non-metallic liners, Second edition, 2013-04-15; into §§178.71; 178.75.

(61) ISO 11119-4:2016(E), Gas cylinders—Refillable composite gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 4: Fully wrapped fibre reinforced composite gas cylinders up to 150 L with load-sharing welded metallic liners, First Edition, 2016-02-15; into §§178.71; 178.75.

(62) ISO 11120(E), Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel tubes of water capacity between 150 l and 3000 l—Design, construction and testing, First edition, 1999-03; into §§178.71; 178.75.

(63) ISO 11120:2015(E), Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel tubes of water capacity between 150 l and 3000 l—Design, construction and testing, Second Edition, 2015-02-01; into §§178.71; 178.75.

(64) ISO 11513:2011(E), Gas cylinders—Refillable welded steel cylinders containing materials for sub-atmospheric gas packaging (excluding acetylene)—Design, construction, testing, use and periodic inspection, First edition, 2011-09-12; into §§173.302c; 178.71; 180.207.

(65) ISO 11621(E), Gas cylinders—Procedures for change of gas service, First edition, April 1997; into §§173.302, 173.336, 173.337.

(66) ISO 11623(E), Transportable gas cylinders—Periodic inspection and testing of composite gas cylinders, First edition, March 2002; into §180.207.

(67) ISO 11623(E):2015, Gas cylinders—Composite construction—Periodic inspection and testing, Second edition, 2015-12-01; into §180.207.

(68) ISO 13340:2001(E), Transportable gas cylinders—Cylinder valves for non-refillable cylinders—Specification and prototype testing, First edition, 2004-04-01; into §§173.301b; 178.71.

(69) ISO 13736:2008(E), Determination of flash point—Abel closed-cup method, Second Edition, 2008-09-15; into §173.120.

(70) ISO 14246:2014(E), Gas cylinders—Cylinder valves—Manufacturing tests and examination, Second Edition, 2014-06-15; into §178.71.

(71) ISO 14246:2014/Amd 1:2017(E), Gas cylinders—Cylinder valves—Manufacturing tests and examinations—Amendment 1, Second Edition, 2017-06; into §178.71.

(72) ISO 16111:2008(E), Transportable gas storage devices—Hydrogen absorbed in reversible metal hydride, First Edition, 2008-11-15; into §§173.301b; 173.311; 178.71.

(73) ISO 16148:2016(E), Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders and tubes—Acoustic emission examination (AT) and follow-up ultrasonic examination (UT) for periodic inspection and testing, Second Edition, 2016-04-15; into §180.207.

(74) ISO 17871:2015(E), Gas cylinders—Quick-release cylinder valves—Specification and type testing, First Edition, 2015-08-15; into §173.301b.

(75) ISO 17879: 2017(E), Gas cylinders—Self-closing cylinder valves—Specification and type testing, First Edition, 2017-07; into §§173.301b; 178.71.

(76) ISO 18172-1:2007(E), Gas cylinders—Refillable welded stainless steel cylinders—Part 1: Test pressure 6 MPa and below, First Edition, 2007-03-01; into §178.71.

(77) ISO 20475:2018(E), Gas cylinders—Cylinder bundles—Periodic inspection and testing, First Edition, 2018-02; into §180.207.

(78) ISO 20703:2006(E), Gas cylinders—Refillable welded aluminum-alloy cylinders—Design, construction and testing, First Edition, 2006-05-01; into §178.71.

(79) ISO 21172-1:2015(E), Gas cylinders—Welded steel pressure drums up to 3000 litres capacity for the transport of gases—Design and construction—Part 1: Capacities up to 1000 litres, First edition, 2015-04-01; into §178.71.

(80) ISO 22434:2006(E), Transportable gas cylinders—Inspection and maintenance of cylinder valves, First Edition, 2006-09-01; into §180.207.

(81) ISO/TR 11364:2012(E), Gas cylinders—Compilation of national and international valve stem/gas cylinder neck threads and their identification and marking system, First Edition, 2012-12-01; into §178.71.

* * * * *

(aa) * * *

(3) OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals 431 (Test No. 431): In vitro skin corrosion: reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) test method, adopted 29 July 2016; into §173.137.

* * * * *

(dd) * * *

(1) Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations (UN Recommendations), 21st revised edition, copyright 2019; into §§171.8; 171.12; 172.202; 172.401; 172.407; 172.502; 172.519; 173.22; 173.24; 173.24b; 173.40; 173.56; 173.192; 173.302b; 173.304b; 178.75; 178.274; as follows:

(i) Volume I, ST/SG/AC.10.1/21/Rev.21 (Vol. I).

(ii) Volume II, ST/SG/AC.10.1/21/Rev.21 (Vol. II).

(2) Manual of Tests and Criteria (UN Manual of Tests and Criteria), 7th revised edition, ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev.7, copyright 2019; into §§171.24, 172.102; 173.21; 173.56 through 173.58; 173.60; 173.115; 173.124; 173.125; 173.127; 173.128; 173.137; 173.185; 173.220; 173.221; 173.224; 173.225; 173.232; part 173, appendix H; 175.10; 176.905; 178.274.

(3) Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), 8th revised edition, ST/SG/AC.10/30/Rev.8, copyright 2019; into §172.401.

(4) Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), copyright 2020; into §171.8; §171.23 as follows: [Change Notice] [Previous Text]

(i) Volume I, ECE/TRANS/300 (Vol. I).

(ii) Volume II, ECE/TRANS/300 (Vol. II).

(iii) Corrigendum, ECE/TRANS/300 (Corr. 1).

* * * * *

§171.12 North American shipments.

* * * * *

(a) * * *

(4) * * *

(iii) Authorized CRC, BTC, CTC or TC specification cylinders that correspond with a DOT specification cylinder are as follows:

* * * * *

§171.23 Requirements for specific materials and packagings transported under the ICAO technical instructions, IMDG code, Transport Canada TDG regulations, or the IAEA regulations.

(a) * * *

(3) Pi-marked pressure receptacles. Pressure receptacles that are marked with a pi mark in accordance with the European Directive 2010/35/EU (IBR, see §171.7) on transportable pressure equipment (TPED) and that comply with the requirements of Packing Instruction P200 or P208 and 6.2 of the ADR (IBR, see §171.7) concerning pressure relief device use, test period, filling ratios, test pressure, maximum working pressure, and material compatibility for the lading contained or gas being filled, are authorized as follows:

(i) Filled pressure receptacles imported for intermediate storage, transport to point of use, discharge, and export without further filling; and

(ii) Pressure receptacles imported or domestically sourced for the purpose of filling, intermediate storage, and export.

(iii) The bill of lading or other shipping paper must identify the cylinder and include the following certification: “This cylinder (These cylinders) conform(s) to the requirements for pi-marked cylinders found in 171.23(a)(3).”

* * * * *

§171.25 Additional requirements for the use of the IMDG code.

* * * * *

(c) * * *

(3) Except as specified in this subpart, for a material poisonous (toxic) by inhalation, the T Codes specified in Column 13 of the Dangerous Goods List in the IMDG Code may be applied to the transportation of those materials in IM, IMO and DOT Specification 51 portable tanks, when these portable tanks are authorized in accordance with the requirements of this subchapter; and

(4) No person may offer an IM or UN portable tank containing liquid hazardous materials of Class 3, PG I or II, or PG III with a flash point less than 100°F (38°C); Division 5.1, PG I or II; or Division 6.1, PG I or II, for unloading while it remains on a transport vehicle with the motive power unit attached, unless it conforms to the requirements in §177.834(o) of this subchapter.

* * * * *

§172.101 Purpose and use of hazardous materials table.

* * * * *

(c) * * *

(12) * * *

(ii) Generic or n.o.s. descriptions. If an appropriate technical name is not shown in the Table, selection of a proper shipping name shall be made from the generic or n.o.s. descriptions corresponding to the specific hazard class, packing group, hazard zone, or subsidiary hazard, if any, for the material. The name that most appropriately describes the material shall be used; e.g, an alcohol not listed by its technical name in the Table shall be described as “Alcohol, n.o.s.” rather than “Flammable liquid, n.o.s.”. Some mixtures may be more appropriately described according to their application, such as “Coating solution” or “Extracts, flavoring, liquid”, rather than by an n.o.s. entry, such as “Flammable liquid, n.o.s.” It should be noted, however, that an n.o.s. description as a proper shipping name may not provide sufficient information for shipping papers and package markings. Under the provisions of subparts C and D of this part, the technical name of one or more constituents which makes the product a hazardous material may be required in association with the proper shipping name.

* * * * *

§172.102 Special provisions.

* * * * *

(c) * * *

(1) * * *

(78) This entry may not be used to describe compressed air which contains more than 23.5 percent oxygen. Compressed air containing greater than 23.5 percent oxygen must be shipped using the description ‘‘Compressed gas, oxidizing, n.o.s., UN3156.’’

* * * * *

(156) Asbestos that is immersed or fixed in a natural or artificial binder material, such as cement, plastic, asphalt, resins or mineral ore, or contained in manufactured products is not subject to the requirements of this subchapter.

* * * * *

(387) When materials are stabilized by temperature control, the provisions of §173.21(f) of this subchapter apply. When chemical stabilization is employed, the person offering the material for transport shall ensure that the level of stabilization is sufficient to prevent the material as packaged from dangerous polymerization at 50°C (122°F). If chemical stabilization becomes ineffective at lower temperatures within the anticipated duration of transport, temperature control is required and is forbidden by aircraft. In making this determination factors to be taken into consideration include, but are not limited to, the capacity and geometry of the packaging and the effect of any insulation present, the temperature of the material when offered for transport, the duration of the journey, and the ambient temperature conditions typically encountered in the journey (considering also the season of year), the effectiveness and other properties of the stabilizer employed, applicable operational controls imposed by regulation (e.g., requirements to protect from sources of heat, including other cargo carried at a temperature above ambient) and any other relevant factors. The provisions of this special provision will be effective until January 2, 2023, unless we terminate them earlier or extend them beyond that date by notice of a final rule in the Federal Register.

* * * * *

(421) This entry will no longer be effective on January 2, 2023, unless we terminate it earlier or extend it beyond that date by notice of a final rule in the Federal Register.

* * * * *

(2) * * *

A54 Irrespective of the quantity limits in Column 9B of the §172.101 table, a lithium battery, including a lithium battery packed with, or contained in, equipment that otherwise meets the applicable requirements of §173.185, may have a mass exceeding 35 kg if approved by the Associate Administrator prior to shipment.

* * * * *

(4) * * *

IP15 For UN2031 with more than 55% nitric acid, the permitted use of rigid plastic IBCs, and the inner receptacle of composite IBCs with rigid plastics, shall be two years from their date of manufacture.

* * * * *

§173.4b De minimis exceptions.

* * * * *

(b) * * *

(1) The specimens are:

(i) Wrapped in a paper towel or cheesecloth moistened with alcohol or an alcohol solution and placed in a plastic bag that is heat-sealed. Any free liquid in the bag must not exceed 30 mL; or

(ii) Placed in vials or other rigid containers with no more than 30 mL of alcohol or alcohol solution. The containers are placed in a plastic bag that is heat-sealed;

* * * * *

§173.21 Forbidden materials and packages.

* * * * *

(f) A package containing a material which is likely to decompose with a self-accelerated decomposition temperature (SADT) of 50°C (122 °F) or less, or polymerize at a temperature of 54°C (130 °F) or less with an evolution of a dangerous quantity of heat or gas when decomposing or polymerizing, unless the material is stabilized or inhibited in a manner to preclude such evolution. The SADT may be determined by any of the test methods described in Part II of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter).

(1) A package meeting the criteria of paragraph (f) of this section may be required to be shipped under controlled temperature conditions. The control temperature and emergency temperature for a package shall be as specified in the table in this paragraph based upon the SADT of the material. The control temperature is the temperature above which a package of the material may not be offered for transportation or transported. The emergency temperature is the temperature at which, due to imminent danger, emergency measures must be initiated.

(2) For self-reactive materials listed in §173.224(b) Table control and emergency temperatures, where required are shown in Columns 5 and 6, respectively. For organic peroxides listed in The Organic Peroxides Table in §173.225 control and emergency temperatures, where required, are shown in Columns 7a and 7b, respectively.

* * * * *

§173.27 General requirements for transportation by aircraft.

* * * * *

(f) * * *

(2) * * *

(i) * * *

(D) Divisions 4.1 (self-reactive), 4.2 (spontaneously combustible) (primary or subsidiary risk), and 4.3 (dangerous when wet) (liquids);

* * * * *

§173.124 Class 4, Divisions 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3— Definitions.

(a) * * *

(4) * * *

(iv) The provisions concerning polymerizing substances in paragraph (a)(4) will be effective until January 2, 2023.

* * * * *

§173.137 Class 8—Assignment of packing group.

The packing group of a Class 8 material is indicated in Column 5 of the §172.101 Table. When the §172.101 Table provides more than one packing group for a Class 8 material, the packing group must be determined using data obtained from tests conducted in accordance with the OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 435, “ In Vitro Membrane Barrier Test Method for Skin Corrosion” (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) or Test No. 404, “Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion” (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). A material that is determined not to be corrosive in accordance with OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals, Test No. 430, “ In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Transcutaneous Electrical Resistance Test (TER)” (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) or Test No. 431, “ In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) Test Method” (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) may be considered not to be corrosive to human skin for the purposes of this subchapter without further testing. However, a material determined to be corrosive in accordance with Test No. 430 must be further tested using Test No. 435 or Test No. 404. If the in vitro test results indicate that the substance or mixture is corrosive, but the test method does not clearly distinguish between assignment of packing groups II and III, the material may be considered to be in packing group II without further testing. The packing group assignment using data obtained from tests conducted in accordance with OECD Guideline Test No. 404 or Test No. 435 must be as follows:

* * * * *

§173.151 Exceptions for Class 4.

* * * * *

(d) Limited quantities of Division 4.3. Limited quantities of dangerous when wet solids (Division 4.3) in Packing Groups II and III are excepted from labeling requirements, unless the material is offered for transportation or transported by aircraft, and are excepted from the specification packaging requirements of this subchapter when packaged in combination packagings according to this paragraph. For transportation by aircraft, the package must also conform to applicable requirements of §173.27 of this part (e.g., authorized materials, inner packaging quantity limits and closure securement) and only hazardous material authorized aboard passenger-carrying aircraft may be transported as a limited quantity. A limited quantity package that conforms to the provisions of this section is not subject to the shipping paper requirements of subpart C of part 172 of this subchapter, unless the material meets the definition of a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine pollutant, or is offered for transportation and transported by aircraft or vessel. In addition, shipments of limited quantities are not subject to subpart F (Placarding) of part 172 of this subchapter. Each package must conform to the packaging requirements of subpart B of this part and may not exceed 30 kg (66 pounds) gross weight. Except for transportation by aircraft, the following combination packagings are authorized:

* * * * *

§173.167 Consumer commodities.

(a) Effective January 1, 2013, a “consumer commodity” (see §171.8 of this subchapter) when offered for transportation by aircraft may only include articles or substances of Class 2 (non-toxic aerosols only), Class 3 (Packing Group II and III only), Division 6.1 (Packing Group III only), UN3077, UN3082, UN3175, UN3334, and UN3335, provided such materials do not have a subsidiary risk and are authorized aboard a passenger-carrying aircraft. Consumer commodities are excepted from the specification outer packaging requirements of this subchapter. Packages prepared under the requirements of this section are excepted from labeling and shipping papers when transported by highway or rail. Except as indicated in §173.24(i), each completed package must conform to §§173.24 and 173.24a of this subchapter. Additionally, except for the pressure differential requirements in §173.27(c), the requirements of §173.27 do not apply to packages prepared in accordance with this section. Packages prepared under the requirements of this section may be offered for transportation and transported by all modes. As applicable, the following apply:

(1) Inner and outer packaging quantity limits. (i) Non-toxic aerosols, as defined in §171.8 of this subchapter and constructed in accordance with §173.306 of this part, in non-refillable, non-metal containers not exceeding 120 mL (4 fluid ounces) each, or in non-refillable metal containers not exceeding 820 mL (28 ounces) each, except that flammable aerosols may not exceed 500 mL (16.9 ounces) each;

(ii) Liquids, in inner packagings not exceeding 500 mL (16.9 ounces) each. Liquids must not completely fill an inner packaging at 55°C;

(iii) Solids, in inner packagings not exceeding 500 g (1.0 pounds) each; or

(iv) Any combination thereof not to exceed 30 kg (66 pounds) gross weight as prepared for shipment.

(2) Closures. Friction-type closures must be secured by positive means. The body and closure of any packaging must be constructed so as to be able to adequately resist the effects of temperature and vibration occurring in conditions normally incident to air transportation. The closure device must be so designed that it is unlikely that it can be incorrectly or incompletely closed.

(3) Absorbent material. Inner packagings must be tightly packaged in strong outer packagings. Absorbent and cushioning material must not react dangerously with the contents of inner packagings. Glass or earthenware inner packagings containing liquids of Class 3 or Division 6.1, sufficient absorbent material must be provided to absorb the entire contents of the largest inner packaging contained in the outer packaging. Absorbent material is not required if the glass or earthenware inner packagings are sufficiently protected as packaged for transport that it is unlikely a failure would occur and, if a failure did occur, that it would be unlikely that the contents would leak from the outer packaging.

(4) Drop test capability. Breakable inner packagings (e.g., glass, earthenware, or brittle plastic) must be packaged to prevent failure under conditions normally incident to transport. Packages of consumer commodities as prepared for transport must be capable of withstanding a 1.2 m drop on solid concrete in the position most likely to cause damage. In order to pass the test, the outer packaging must not exhibit any damage liable to affect safety during transport and there must be no leakage from the inner packaging(s).

(5) Stack test capability. Packages of consumer commodities must be capable of withstanding, without failure or leakage of any inner packaging and without any significant reduction in effectiveness, a force applied to the top surface for a duration of 24 hours equivalent to the total weight of identical packages if stacked to a height of 3.0 m (including the test sample).

(b) When offered for transportation by aircraft:

(1) Packages prepared under the requirements of this section are to be marked as a limited quantity in accordance with §172.315(b)(1) and labeled as a Class 9 article or substance, as appropriate, in accordance with subpart E of part 172 of this subchapter; and

(2) Pressure differential capability: Except for UN3082, inner packagings intended to contain liquids must be capable of meeting the pressure differential requirements (75 kPa) prescribed in §173.27(c) of this part. The capability of a packaging to withstand an internal pressure without leakage that produces the specified pressure differential should be determined by successfully testing design samples or prototypes.

§173.185 Lithium cells and batteries.

* * * * *

(a) * * *

(3) Beginning January 1, 2022 each manufacturer and subsequent distributor of lithium cells or batteries manufactured on or after January 1, 2008, must make available a test summary. The test summary must include the following elements:

* * * * *

* * * * *

(ix) Reference to the revised edition of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria used and to amendments thereto, if any; and

* * * * *

(b) * * *

(3) * * *

(iii) * * *

(A) Be placed in inner packagings that completely enclose the cell or battery, then placed in an outer packaging. The completed package for the cells or batteries must meet the Packing Group II performance requirements as specified in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section; or

(B) Be placed in inner packagings that completely enclose the cell or battery, then placed with equipment in a package that meets the Packing Group II performance requirements as specified in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section.

* * * * *

(4) * * *

(ii) Equipment must be secured to prevent damage caused by shifting within the outer packaging and be packed so as to prevent accidental operation during transport; and

(iii) Any spare lithium cells or batteries packed with the equipment must be packaged in accordance with paragraph (b)(3) of this section.

* * * * *

(5) Lithium batteries that weigh 12 kg (26.5 pounds) or more and have a strong, impact-resistant outer casing may be packed in strong outer packagings; in protective enclosures (for example, in fully enclosed or wooden slatted crates); or on pallets or other handling devices, instead of packages meeting the UN performance packaging requirements in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and (iii) of this section. Batteries must be secured to prevent inadvertent shifting, and the terminals may not support the weight of other superimposed elements. Batteries packaged in accordance with this paragraph may be transported by cargo aircraft if approved by the Associate Administrator.

* * * * *

(c) * * *

(3) Lithium battery mark. Each package must display the lithium battery mark except when a package contains only button cell batteries contained in equipment (including circuit boards), or when a consignment contains two packages or fewer where each package contains not more than four lithium cells or two lithium batteries contained in equipment. [Change Notice] [Previous Text]

(i) The mark must indicate the UN number: “UN3090” for lithium metal cells or batteries; or “UN3480” for lithium ion cells or batteries. Where the lithium cells or batteries are contained in, or packed with, equipment, the UN number “UN3091” or “UN3481,” as appropriate, must be indicated. Where a package contains lithium cells or batteries assigned to different UN numbers, all applicable UN numbers must be indicated on one or more marks. The package must be of such size that there is adequate space to affix the mark on one side without the mark being folded.

(A) The mark must be in the form of a rectangle or a square with hatched edging. The mark must be not less than 100 mm (3.9 inches) wide by 100 mm (3.9 inches) high and the minimum width of the hatching must be 5 mm (0.2 inches), except marks of 100 mm (3.9 inches) wide by 70 mm (2.8 inches) high may be used on a package containing lithium batteries when the package is too small for the larger mark;

(B) The symbols and letters must be black on white or suitable contrasting background and the hatching must be red;

(C) The “*” must be replaced by the appropriate UN number(s) and the “**” must be replaced by a telephone number for additional information; and

(D) Where dimensions are not specified, all features shall be in approximate proportion to those shown.

(ii) [Reserved]

(iii) When packages are placed in an overpack, the lithium battery mark shall either be clearly visible through the overpack or be reproduced on the outside of the overpack and the overpack shall be marked with the word “OVERPACK”. The lettering of the “OVERPACK” mark shall be at least 12 mm (0.47 inches) high.

(4) Air transportation. (i) For transportation by aircraft, lithium cells and batteries may not exceed the limits in the following Table 1 to paragraph (c)(4)(i). The limits on the maximum number of batteries and maximum net quantity of batteries in the following table may not be combined in the same package. The limits in the following table do not apply to lithium cells and batteries packed with, or contained in, equipment.

(ii) Not more than one package prepared in accordance with paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section may be placed into an overpack.

(iii) A shipper is not permitted to offer for transport more than one package prepared in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section in any single consignment.

(iv) Each shipment with packages required to display the paragraph (c)(3)(i) lithium battery mark must include an indication on the air waybill of compliance with this paragraph (c)(4) (or the applicable ICAO Technical Instructions Packing Instruction), when an air waybill is used.

(v) Packages and overpacks of lithium batteries prepared in accordance with paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section must be offered to the operator separately from cargo which is not subject to the requirements of this subchapter and must not be loaded into a unit load device before being offered to the operator.

(vi) For lithium batteries packed with, or contained in, equipment, the number of batteries in each package is limited to the minimum number required to power the piece of equipment, plus two spare sets, and the total net quantity (mass) of the lithium cells or batteries in the completed package must not exceed 5 kg. A “set” of cells or batteries is the number of individual cells or batteries that are required to power each piece of equipment.

(vii) Each person who prepares a package for transport containing lithium cells or batteries, including cells or batteries packed with, or contained in, equipment in accordance with the conditions and limitations of this paragraph (c)(4), must receive instruction on these conditions and limitations, corresponding to their functions.

(viii) Lithium cells and batteries must not be packed in the same outer packaging with other hazardous materials. Packages prepared in accordance with paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section must not be placed into an overpack with packages containing hazardous materials and articles of Class 1 (explosives) other than Division 1.4S, Division 2.1 (flammable gases), Class 3 (flammable liquids), Division 4.1 (flammable solids), or Division 5.1 (oxidizers).

(5) For transportation by aircraft, a package that exceeds the number or quantity (mass) limits in the table shown in paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section, the overpack limit described in paragraph (c)(4)(ii) of this section, or the consignment limit described in paragraph (c)(4)(iii) of this section is subject to all applicable requirements of this subchapter, except that a package containing no more than 2.5 kg lithium metal cells or batteries or 10 kg lithium ion cells or batteries is not subject to the UN performance packaging requirements in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this section when the package displays both the lithium battery mark in paragraph (c)(3)(i) and the Class 9 Lithium Battery label specified in §172.447 of this subchapter. This paragraph does not apply to batteries or cells packed with or contained in equipment.

* * * * *

(e) * * *

(5) Lithium batteries, including lithium batteries contained in equipment, that weigh 12 kg (26.5 pounds) or more and have a strong, impact-resistant outer casing may be packed in strong outer packagings, in protective enclosures (for example, in fully enclosed or wooden slatted crates), or on pallets or other handling devices, instead of packages meeting the UN performance packaging requirements in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and (iii) of this section. The battery must be secured to prevent inadvertent shifting, and the terminals may not support the weight of other superimposed elements;

(6) Irrespective of the limit specified in column (9B) of the §172.101 Hazardous Materials Table, the battery or battery assembly prepared for transport in accordance with this paragraph may have a mass exceeding 35 kg gross weight when transported by cargo aircraft;

(7) Batteries or battery assemblies packaged in accordance with this paragraph are not permitted for transportation by passenger-carrying aircraft, and may be transported by cargo aircraft only if approved by the Associate Administrator prior to transportation; and

* * * * *

§173.224 Packaging and control and emergency temperatures for self-reactive materials.

* * * * *

(b) * * *

(4) Packing method. Column 4 specifies the highest packing method which is authorized for the self-reactive material. A packing method corresponding to a smaller package size may be used, but a packing method corresponding to a larger package size may not be used. The Table of Packing Methods in §173.225(d) defines the packing methods. Bulk packagings for Type F self-reactive substances are authorized by §173.225(f) for IBCs and §173.225(h) for bulk packagings other than IBCs. The formulations listed in §173.225(f) for IBCs and in §173.225(g) for portable tanks may also be transported packed in accordance with packing method OP8, with the same control and emergency temperatures, if applicable. Additional bulk packagings are authorized if approved by the Associate Administrator.

* * * * *

§173.225 Packaging requirements and other provisions for organic peroxides.

* * * * *

(c) * * *

(d) *****

Table to Paragraph (d): Maximum Quantity per Packaging/Package

* * * * *

(g) * * *

* * * * *

§173.301b Additional general requirements for shipment of UN pressure receptacles.

* * * * *

(c) * * *

(1) When the use of a valve is prescribed, the valve must conform to the requirements in ISO 10297:2014(E) and ISO 10297:2014/Amd 1:2017 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). Quick release cylinder valves for specification and type testing must conform to the requirements in ISO 17871:2015(E) (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). Until December 31, 2022, the manufacture of a valve conforming to the requirements in ISO 10297:2014(E) is authorized. Until December 31, 2020, the manufacture of a valve conforming to the requirements in ISO 10297:2006(E) (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) was authorized. Until December 31, 2008, the manufacture of a valve conforming to the requirements in ISO 10297:1999(E) (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) was authorized.

(2) * * *

(ii) By equipping the UN pressure receptacle with a valve cap conforming to the requirements in ISO 11117:2008(E) and Technical Corrigendum 1 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). Until December 31, 2014, the manufacture of a valve cap conforming to the requirements in ISO 11117:1998(E) (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) was authorized. The cap must have vent-holes of sufficient cross-sectional area to evacuate the gas if leakage occurs at the valve;

(iii) By protecting the valves by shrouds or guards conforming to the requirements in ISO 11117:2008(E) and Technical Corrigendum 1 (IBR; see §171.7 of this subchapter). Until December 31, 2014, the manufacture of a shroud or guard conforming to the requirements in ISO 11117:1998(E) (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) was authorized. For metal hydride storage systems, by protecting the valves in accordance with the requirements in ISO 16111:2008(E) (IBR; see §171.7 of this subchapter).

(iv) By using valves designed and constructed with sufficient inherent strength to withstand damage in accordance with Annex B of ISO 10297:2014(E)/Amd. 1: 2017;

* * * * *

(d) Non-refillable UN pressure receptacles. (1) When the use of a valve is prescribed, the valve must conform to the requirements in ISO 11118:2015(E), (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). Manufacture of valves to ISO 13340:2001(E) is authorized until December 31, 2020;

* * * * *

(f) Hydrogen bearing gases. A steel UN pressure receptacle bearing an ‘‘H’’ mark must be used for hydrogen bearing gases or other embrittling gases that have the potential of causing hydrogen embrittlement.

* * * * *

§173.302c Additional requirements for the shipment of adsorbed gases in UN pressure receptacles.

* * * * *

(k) The filling procedure must be in accordance with Annex A of ISO 11513 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter).

* * * * *

§173.311 Metal hydride storage systems.

The following packing instruction is applicable to transportable UN Metal hydride storage systems (UN3468) with pressure receptacles not exceeding 150 liters (40 gallons) in water capacity and having a maximum developed pressure not exceeding 25 MPa. Metal hydride storage systems must be designed, constructed, initially inspected and tested in accordance with ISO 16111 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) as authorized under §178.71(m) of this subchapter. Steel pressure receptacles or composite pressure receptacles with steel liners must be marked in accordance with §173.301b(f) of this part which specifies that a steel UN pressure receptacle bearing an “H” mark must be used for hydrogen bearing gases or other gases that may cause hydrogen embrittlement. Requalification intervals must be no more than every five years as specified in §180.207 of this subchapter in accordance with the requalification procedures prescribed in ISO 16111.

§175.10 Exceptions for passengers, crewmembers, and air operators.

(a) This subchapter does not apply to the following hazardous materials when carried by aircraft passengers or crewmembers provided the requirements of §§171.15 and 171.16 (see paragraph (c) of this section) and the requirements of this section are met:

* * * * *

(14) Battery powered heat-producing devices (e.g., battery-operated equipment such as diving lamps and soldering equipment) as checked or carry-on baggage and with the approval of the operator of the aircraft. The heating element, the battery, or other component (e.g., fuse) must be isolated to prevent unintentional activation during transport. Any battery that is removed must be carried in accordance with the provisions for spare batteries in paragraph (a)(18) of this section.

* * * * *

(15) * * *

(v) * * *

(A) Securely attached to the wheelchair or mobility aid;

* * * * *

(vi) * * *

(A) Securely attached to the wheelchair or mobility aid; or

* * * * *

(17) * * *

(ii) * * *

(C) The battery must be securely attached to the mobility aid; and

* * * * *

(18) Except as provided in §173.21 of this subchapter, portable electronic devices (e.g., watches, calculating machines, cameras, cellular phones, laptop and notebook computers, camcorders, medical devices, etc.) containing dry cells or dry batteries (including lithium cells or batteries) and spare dry cells or batteries for these devices, when carried by passengers or crew members for personal use. Portable electronic devices powered by lithium batteries may be carried in either checked or carry-on baggage. When carried in checked baggage, portable electronic devices powered by lithium batteries must be completely switched off (not in sleep or hibernation mode) and protected to prevent unintentional activation or damage. Spare lithium batteries must be carried in carry-on baggage only. Each installed or spare lithium battery must be of a type proven to meet the requirements of each test in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III, Sub-section 38.3, and each spare lithium battery must be individually protected so as to prevent short circuits (e.g., by placement in original retail packaging, by otherwise insulating terminals by taping over exposed terminals, or placing each battery in a separate plastic bag or protective pouch). In addition, each installed or spare lithium battery:

* * * * *

(26) Baggage equipped with lithium battery(ies) must be carried as carry-on baggage unless the battery(ies) is removed from the baggage. Removed battery(ies) must be carried in accordance with the provision for spare batteries prescribed in paragraph (a)(18) of this section. The provisions of this paragraph do not apply to baggage equipped with lithium batteries not exceeding:

* * * * *

§175.33 Shipping paper and information to the pilot-in-command.

(a) * * *

(13) * * *

(iii) For UN3480, UN3481, UN3090, and UN3091 prepared in accordance with §173.185(c), except those prepared in accordance with §173.185(c)(4)(vi), are not required to appear on the information to the pilot-in-command.

* * * * *

§178.37 Specification 3AA and 3AAX seamless steel cylinders.

* * * * *

(j) Flattening test. A flattening test must be performed on one cylinder taken at random out of each lot of 200 or less, by placing the cylinder between wedge shaped knife edges having a 60° included angle, rounded to ½-inch radius. The longitudinal axis of the cylinder must be at a 90-degree angle to knife edges during the test. For lots of 30 or less, flattening tests are authorized to be made on a ring at least 8 inches long cut from each cylinder and subjected to the same heat treatment as the finished cylinder. Cylinders may be subjected to a bend test in lieu of the flattening test. Two bend test specimens must be taken in accordance with ISO 9809–1 or ASTM E 290 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter), and must be subjected to the bend test specified therein.

* * * * *

§178.71 Specifications for UN pressure receptacles.

* * * * *

(f) * * *

(4) ISO 21172-1:2015(E) Gas cylinders—Welded steel pressure drums up to 3,000 litres capacity for the transport of gases—Design and construction—Part 1: Capacities up to 1,000 litres (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). Irrespective of section 6.3.3.4 of this standard, welded steel gas pressure drums with dished ends convex to pressure may be used for the transport of corrosive substances provided all applicable additional requirements are met.

(g) Design and construction requirements for UN refillable seamless steel cylinders. In addition to the general requirements of this section, UN refillable seamless steel cylinders must conform to the following ISO standards, as applicable:

(1) ISO 9809-1:2010 Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 1: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength less than 1100 MPa. (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). Until December 31, 2018, the manufacture of a cylinder conforming to the requirements in ISO 9809-1:1999 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) is authorized.

(2) ISO 9809-2: Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 2: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength greater than or equal to 1100 MPa. (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). Until December 31, 2018, the manufacture of a cylinder conforming to the requirements in ISO 9809-2:2000 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) is authorized.

(3) ISO 9809-3: Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 3: Normalized steel cylinders. (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). Until December 31, 2018, the manufacture of a cylinder conforming to the requirements in ISO 9809-3:2000 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) is authorized.

(4) ISO 9809-4:2014(E) (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter).

* * * * *

(i) Design and construction requirements for UN non-refillable metal cylinders. In addition to the general requirements of this section, UN non-refillable metal cylinders must conform to ISO 11118:2015(E) Gas cylinders—Non-refillable metallic gas cylinders—Specification and test methods (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). Until December 31, 2020, cylinders conforming to ISO 11118:1999(E) Gas cylinders—Non-refillable metallic gas cylinders—Specification and test methods (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) are authorized.

* * * * *

(k) * * *

(1) * * *

(i) ISO 9809-1:2010 Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 1: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength less than 1100 MPa. Until December 31, 2018, the manufacture of a cylinder conforming to the requirements in ISO 9809-1:1999 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) is authorized.

(ii) ISO 9809-3: Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 3: Normalized steel cylinders. Until December 31, 2018, the manufacture of a cylinder conforming to the requirements in ISO 9809-3:2000 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) is authorized.

* * * * *

(m) Design and construction requirements for UN metal hydride storage systems. In addition to the general requirements of this section, metal hydride storage systems must conform to the following ISO standards, as applicable: ISO 16111: Transportable gas storage devices—Hydrogen absorbed in reversible metal hydride (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter).

(n) Design and construction requirements for UN cylinders for the transportation of adsorbed gases. In addition to the general requirements of this section, UN cylinders for the transportation of adsorbed gases must conform to the following ISO standards, as applicable: ISO 11513:2011, Gas cylinders—Refillable welded steel cylinders containing materials for sub-atmospheric gas packaging (excluding acetylene)—Design, construction, testing, use and periodic inspection, or ISO 9809-1:2010: Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 1: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength less than 1100 MPa. (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter.)

* * * * *

§178.75 Specifications for MEGCs.

* * * * *

(d) * * *

(3) Each pressure receptacle of a MEGC must be of the same design type, seamless steel, or composite, and constructed and tested according to one of the following ISO standards, as appropriate:

(i) ISO 9809-1: Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 1: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength less than 1100 MPa. (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). Until December 31, 2018, the manufacture of a cylinder conforming to the requirements in ISO 9809-1:1999 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) is authorized;

(ii) ISO 9809-2: Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 2: Quenched and tempered steel cylinders with tensile strength greater than or equal to 1100 MPa. (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). Until December 31, 2018, the manufacture of a cylinder conforming to the requirements in ISO 9809-2:2000 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) is authorized;

(iii) ISO 9809-3: Gas cylinders—Refillable seamless steel gas cylinders—Design, construction and testing—Part 3: Normalized steel cylinders. (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). Until December 31, 2018, the manufacture of a cylinder conforming to the requirements in ISO 9809-3:2000 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter) is authorized; or

* * * * *

§178.609 Test requirements for packagings for infectious substances.

* * * * *

(d) * * *

(2) Where the samples are in the shape of a drum, three samples must be dropped, one in each of the following orientations:

(i) Diagonally on the top chime, with the center of gravity directly above the point of impact;

(ii) Diagonally on the base chime; and

(iii) Flat on the side.

* * * * *

§178.706 Standards for rigid plastic IBCs.

* * * * *

(c) * * *

(3) No used material other than production residues or regrind from the same manufacturing process may be used in the manufacture of rigid plastic IBCs.

* * * * *

§178.707 Standards for composite IBCs.

* * * * *

(c) * * *

(3) * * *

(iii) No used material other than production residues or regrind from the same manufacturing process may be used in the manufacture of inner receptacles.

* * * * *

§180.207 Requirements for requalification of UN pressure receptacles.

* * * * *

(d) * * *

(3) Dissolved acetylene UN cylinders: Each dissolved acetylene cylinder must be requalified in accordance with ISO 10462:2013(E) (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter). A cylinder previously requalified in accordance with the second edition of ISO 10462(E) up until December 31, 2018, may continue to be used until the next required requalification. The porous mass and the shell must be requalified no sooner than 3 years, 6 months, from the date of manufacture. Thereafter, subsequent requalifications of the porous mass and shell must be performed at least once every ten years.

* * * * *

(5) UN cylinders for adsorbed gases: Each UN cylinder for adsorbed gases must be inspected and tested in accordance with §173.302c and ISO 11513:2011 (IBR, see §171.7 of this subchapter).

* * * * *