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EPA Final Rule: Technical Amendments to the EPCRA Hazardous Chemical Inventory Reporting Requirements To Conform to the 2024 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard

2025-11-17T06:00:00Z

The Environmental Protection Agency is taking direct final action to conform the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act hazardous chemical inventory reporting regulations to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Hazard Communication Standard amendments of 2012 and 2024. The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act and its regulations rely on the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Hazard Communication Standard for the definition of a hazardous chemical and for the categories of health and physical hazards that must be reported under the hazardous chemical inventory regulations. This action will conform the terminology used and information that must be reported on the hazardous chemical inventory forms to the Hazard Communication Standard amendments. As a result, this action will also improve first responder and community safety, reduce discrepancies and confusion, prevent interpretation burdens on facilities when using (Material) Safety Data Sheets to complete annual hazardous chemical inventory reports, and improve clarity.

DATES: This final rule is effective on January 16, 2026 without further notice, unless the EPA receives adverse comment by December 17, 2025. Published in the Federal Register November 17, 2025, page 51187.

View final rule.

New Text

Part 370-Hazardous chemical reporting Community right-to-know

Authority: Sections 302, 311, 312, 322, 324, 325, 327, 328, and 329 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) (Pub. L. 99–499, 100 Stat. 1613, 42 U.S.C. 11002, 11021, 11022, 11042, 11044, 11045, 11047, 11048, and 11049).

Subpart A—General Information

§370.1 What is the purpose of this part?

(a) This part (40 CFR part 370) establishes reporting requirements for providing the public with important information on the hazardous chemicals in their communities. Reporting raises community awareness of chemical hazards and aids in the development of state and local emergency response plans. The reporting requirements established under this part consist of Safety Data Sheet (SDS) reporting and inventory reporting.

(b) This part is written in a special format to make it easier to understand the regulatory requirements. Like other Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, this part establishes enforceable legal requirements. Information considered non-binding guidance under EPCRA is indicated in this regulation by the word “note” and a smaller typeface. Such notes are provided for information purposes only and are not considered legally binding under this part.

§370.2 Who do the terms you, I, and your refer to in this part?

Throughout this part the terms you, I, and your refer to the owner or operator of a facility.

§370.3 Definitions.

Chief Executive Officer of the Tribe means the person who is recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as the chief elected administrative officer of the Tribe.

Environment includes water, air, and land and the interrelationship that exists among and between water, air, and land and all living things.

EPCRA means the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986.

Extremely Hazardous Substance (EHS) means a substance listed in appendices A and B of 40 CFR part 355.

Facility means all buildings, equipment, structures, and other stationary items that are located on a single site or on contiguous or adjacent sites and that are owned or operated by the same person (or by any person that controls, is controlled by, or under common control with, such person). Facility includes manmade structures, as well as all natural structures in which chemicals are purposefully placed or removed through human means such that it functions as a containment structure for human use.

Hazard category means the classification of a chemical's hazard(s) into classes with their categories as are reported in Section 2 of SDSs in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1200. Hazard categories are divided by hazard class into health hazards and physical hazards:

(1) Health hazard means a chemical that is classified into one of the following hazard classes: acute toxicity (oral, dermal, or inhalation); aspiration hazard; carcinogenicity; germ cell mutagenicity; reproductive toxicity; respiratory sensitizer; skin sensitizer; serious eye damage/eye irritation; simple asphyxiant; skin corrosion or irritation; specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) or (repeated or prolonged exposure); and hazard not otherwise classified.

(2) Physical hazard means a chemical that is classified into one of the following hazard classes: aerosols; chemicals under pressure; combustible dust; corrosive to metal; desensitized explosive; explosives; flammable (gases, liquids, or solids); gas under pressure; in contact with water emits flammable gases; organic peroxides; oxidizing (gases, liquids, or solids); pyrophoric (liquids or solids); self-heating chemicals; self-reactive chemicals; and hazard not otherwise classified.

Hazardous chemical means any hazardous chemical as defined under 29 CFR 1910.1200(c), except that such term does not include:

(1) Any food, food additive, color additive, drug, or cosmetic regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.

(2) Any substance present as a solid in any manufactured item to the extent exposure to the substance does not occur under normal conditions of use.

(3) Any substance to the extent it is used:

(i) For personal, family, or household purposes, or is present in the same form and concentration as a product packaged for distribution and use by the general public. Present in the same form and concentration as a product packaged for distribution and use by the general public means a substance packaged in a similar manner and present in the same concentration as the substance when packaged for use by the general public, whether or not it is intended for distribution to the general public or used for the same purpose as when it is packaged for use by the general public;

(ii) In a research laboratory or a hospital or other medical facility under the direct supervision of a technically qualified individual; or

(iii) In routine agricultural operations or is a fertilizer held for sale by a retailer to the ultimate customer.

Indian Country means Indian country as defined in 18 U.S.C. 1151 as:

(1) All land within the limits of any Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the United States government, notwithstanding the issuance of any patent, and including rights-of-way running through the reservation;

(2) All dependent Indian communities within the borders of the United States whether within the original or subsequently acquired territory thereof, and whether within or without the limits of a state; and

(3) All Indian allotments, the Indian titles to which have not been extinguished, including rights-of-way running through the same.

Indian Tribe or Tribe means those Tribes federally recognized by the Secretary of the Interior.

Inventory form means the uniform Tier I and Tier II emergency and hazardous chemical inventory forms published by EPA. These forms can be used for reporting inventory information, as described in 40 CFR 370.40 through 370.45.

LEPC means the Local Emergency Planning Committee appointed by the State Emergency Response Commission.

Mixture means mixture as defined under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Hazard Communication Standard in 29 CFR 1910.1200(c).

OSHA means the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Person means any individual, trust, firm, joint stock company, corporation (including a government corporation), partnership, association, state, municipality, commission, political subdivision of a state, or interstate body.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS) means the sheet required to be developed under 29 CFR 1910.1200(g). The term SDS replaces the term “material safety data sheet” for the name of the data sheet defined in the statute [42 U.S.C. 11049(6)].

SERC means the State Emergency Response Commission for the state in which the facility is located except when the facility is located in Indian Country, in which case, SERC means the Emergency Response Commission for the Tribe under whose jurisdiction the facility is located. In the absence of a SERC for a state or an Indian Tribe, the Governor or chief executive officer of the Tribe, respectively, shall be the SERC. Where there is a cooperative agreement between a state and a Tribe, the SERC shall be the entity identified in the agreement.

State means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession over which the United States has jurisdiction, and Indian Country.

Threshold planning quantity (TPQ) means the quantity listed in the column “threshold planning quantity” for the EHSs listed in Appendix A and B of 40 CFR part 355.

Subpart B—Who Must Comply

§370.10 Who must comply with the hazardous chemical reporting requirements of this part?

(a) You must comply with the reporting requirements of this part if the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires your facility to prepare or have available a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for a hazardous chemical and if either of the following conditions is met:

Note 1 to paragraph (a) introductory text. OSHA's Material Safety Data Sheet or MSDS requirement was renamed to be the Safety Data Sheet or SDS requirement. The terms MSDS and SDS are synonymous. The EPCRA statutory MSDS requirements will be referred to as the SDS requirements within this regulation. [29 CFR 1910.1200]

(1) A hazardous chemical that is an Extremely Hazardous Substance (EHS) is present at your facility at any one time in an amount equal to or greater than 500 pounds (227 kg—approximately 55 gallons) or the Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ), whichever is lower. EHSs and their TPQs are listed in Appendices A and B of 40 CFR part 355.

(2) A hazardous chemical that is not an EHS is present at your facility at any one time in an amount equal to or greater than the threshold level for that hazardous chemical. Threshold levels for such hazardous chemicals are:

(i) For any hazardous chemical that does not meet the criteria in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) or (iii) of this section, the threshold level is 10,000 pounds (or 4,540 kg).

(ii) For gasoline at a retail gas station (For purposes of this part, retail gas station means a retail facility engaged in selling gasoline and/or diesel fuel principally to the public for motor vehicle use on land.), the threshold level is 75,000 gallons (approximately 283,900 liters) (all grades combined). This threshold is only applicable for gasoline that was in tanks entirely underground and that were in compliance at all times during the preceding calendar year with all applicableUnderground Storage Tank (UST) requirements at 40 CFR part 280 or requirements of the state UST program approved by the Agency under 40 CFR part 281.

(iii) For diesel fuel at a retail gas station (For purposes of this part, retail gas station means a retail facility engaged in selling gasoline and/or diesel fuel principally to the public for motor vehicle use on land.), the threshold level is 100,000 gallons (approximately 378,500 liters) (all grades combined). This threshold is only applicable for diesel fuel that was in tanks entirely underground and that were in compliance at all times during the preceding calendar year with all applicable UST requirements at 40 CFR part 280 or requirements of the state UST program approved by the Agency under 40 CFR part 281.

(b) The threshold level for responding to the following requests is zero.

(1) If your LEPC requests that you submit an SDS for a hazardous chemical for which you have not submitted an SDS to your LEPC; or

(2) If your LEPC, SERC, or the fire department with jurisdiction over your facility requests that you submit Tier II information.

§370.11 [Reserved]

§370.12 What hazardous chemicals must I report under this part?

(a) You must report any hazardous chemical for which you are required to prepare or have available an SDS under OSHA HCS that is present at your facility equal to or above the applicable threshold specified in §370.10. (Specific exemptions from reporting are in §370.13.)

(b) The EPA has not issued a list of hazardous chemicals subject to reporting under this part. A substance is a hazardous chemical if it is required to have an SDS and meets the definition of hazardous chemical under the OSHA regulations found at 29 CFR 1910.1200(c).

§370.13 What substances are exempt from these reporting requirements?

You do not have to report substances for which you are not required to have an SDS under the OSHA regulations or that are excluded from the definition of hazardous chemical under EPCRA section 311(e). Each of the following substances are excluded under EPCRA section 311(e):

(a) Any food, food additive, color additive, drug, or cosmetic regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.

(b) Any substance present as a solid in any manufactured item to the extent exposure to the substance does not occur under normal conditions of use.

(c) Any substance to the extent it is used:

(1) For personal, family, or household purposes, or is present in the same form and concentration as a product packaged for distribution and use by the general public. Present in the same form and concentration as a product packaged for distribution and use by the general public means a substance packaged in a similar manner and present in the same concentration as the substance when packaged for use by the general public, whether or not it is intended for distribution to the general public or used for the same purpose as when it is packaged for use by the general public;

(2) In a research laboratory or hospital or other medical facility under the direct supervision of a technically qualified individual; or

(3) In routine agricultural operations or is a fertilizer held for sale by a retailer to the ultimate customer.

§370.14 How do I report mixtures containing hazardous chemicals?

(a) For a mixture containing a hazardous chemical, use the following table to determine if a reporting threshold is equaled or exceeded, and to determine how to report:

Table 1 to Paragraph (a)
If your mixture contains a hazardous chemicalTo determine if the threshold level for that hazardous chemical is equaled or exceeded you must . . .If the threshold level for that hazardous chemical is exceeded, then you must . . .
(1) That is an EHSDetermine the total quantity of the EHS present throughout your facility at any one time, by adding together the quantities present as a component in all mixtures and all other quantities of the EHS You must include the quantity present in a mixture even if you are also counting the quantity of that particular mixture toward the threshold level for that mixtureReport the EHS component: Submit an SDS for the EHS as provided under §370.30 or include the EHS on the list of chemicals submitted in lieu of the SDS. And submit Tier I or Tier II information for the EHS as provided under §370.40. Or Report the mixture itself: Submit an SDS for the mixture as provided under §370.30 or include the mixture on the list of chemicals submitted in lieu of the SDS. And submit Tier I or Tier II information for the mixture as provided under §370.40. If you report the mixture itself, then provide the total quantity of that mixture.
(2) That is not an EHSDetermine either: The total quantity of the hazardous chemical present throughout your facility at any one time by adding together the quantity present as a component in all mixtures and all other quantities of the hazardous chemical You must include the quantity present in a mixture even if you are also applying that particular mixture as a whole toward the threshold level for that mixtureReport the non-EHS hazardous chemical component: Submit an SDS for the non-EHS hazardous chemical as provided under §370.30 or include the non-EHS on the list of chemicals submitted in lieu of the SDS. And submit Tier I or Tier II information for the non-EHS hazardous chemical as provided under §370.40.
OrOr
The total quantity of that mixture present throughout your facility at any one timeReport the mixture itself: Submit an SDS for the mixture as provided under §370.30 or include the mixture on the list of chemicals submitted in lieu of SDS. And submit Tier I or Tier II information for the mixture as provided under §370.40. If you report the mixture itself, then provide the total quantity of that mixture.

(b) For each specific mixture, the reporting option used must be consistent for both SDS and inventory reporting, unless it is not possible to do so. This means that if you report on a specific mixture as a whole for SDS reporting, you must report on that mixture as a whole for inventory reporting too (unless it is not possible). SDS reporting and inventory reporting are discussed in detail in subpart C of this part.

(c) To determine the quantity of an EHS or a non-EHS hazardous chemical component present in a mixture, multiply the concentration of the hazardous chemical component (in weight percent) by the weight of the mixture (in pounds). You do not have to count a hazardous chemical present in a mixture if the concentration is less than or equal to 1%, or less than or equal to 0.1% for a carcinogenic chemical.

Subpart C—Reporting Requirements

§370.20 What are the reporting requirements of this part?

The reporting requirements of this part consist of SDS reporting and inventory reporting. If you are the owner or operator of a facility subject to the reporting requirements of this part, then you must comply with both types of reporting requirements. SDS reporting requirements are addressed in §§370.30 through 370.33. Inventory reporting requirements are addressed in §§370.40 through 370.45.

How To Comply With SDS Reporting

§370.30 What information must I provide and what format must I use?

(a) You must report the hazardous chemicals present at your facility that meet or exceed the applicable threshold levels (threshold levels are in §370.10) by either:

(1) Submitting an SDS for each hazardous chemical present at your facility that meet or exceed its applicable threshold level; or

(2) Submitting a list of all hazardous chemicals present at your facility at or above the applicable threshold levels. The hazardous chemicals on your list must be grouped by the specific health and physical hazards as listed in section 2 of the SDSs. The list must contain the chemical or common name of each hazardous chemical as provided on the SDS.

(b) Within 30 days of a request by the LEPC, as provided in §370.10(b), you must also submit an SDS for any hazardous chemical present at your facility for which you have not submitted an SDS.

§370.31 Do I have to update the information?

SDS reporting stated in §370.30 is a one-time requirement. However, you must update the information in all of the following ways:

(a) Submit a revised SDS after you discover significant new information concerning a hazardous chemical for which an SDS was submitted.

(b) Submit an SDS, or a list as described in §370.30(a), for any new hazardous chemical for which you become subject to these reporting requirements.

(c) Submit, as requested by the LEPC, an SDS for any hazardous chemical present at your facility which you have not already submitted, as provided in §370.30(b).

§370.32 To whom must I submit the information?

(a) You must submit an SDS or a list to the LEPC, SERC, and fire department with jurisdiction over your facility, as provided in §370.30(a).

(b) You must submit an SDS to the LEPC if requested, as provided in §370.30(b).

§370.33 When must I submit the information?

(a) You must submit an SDS or a list, as provided in §370.30(a), for a hazardous chemical subject to the reporting requirements of this part within three (3) months after you first become subject to the reporting requirements of this part, as provided in §§370.30 and 370.31(b).

(b) You must submit a revised SDS, as provided in §370.31(a), within three (3) months after discovering significant new information about a hazardous chemical for which an SDS was submitted.

(c) You must submit an SDS requested by the LEPC, as provided in §§370.30(b) and 370.31(c), within 30 days of receiving the request.

How To Comply With Inventory Reporting

§370.40 What information must I provide and what format must I use?

(a) If you are required to comply with the hazardous chemical reporting requirements of this part, then by March 1 every year you must submit inventory information regarding any hazardous chemical present at your facility at any time during the previous calendar year in an amount equal to or in excess of its threshold level. Threshold levels are provided in §370.10.

(b) Tier I information is the minimum information that you must report to be in compliance with the inventory reporting requirements of this part as described in §370.41. You may choose to report the Tier II information described in §370.42 for any hazardous chemical at your facility. You must submit Tier II information to the SERC, LEPC, or fire department with jurisdiction over your facility if they request it. EPA publishes Tier I and Tier II Inventory Forms that provide uniform formats for reporting the Tier I and Tier II information. You may use a state or local format for reporting inventory information if the state or local format contains at least the Tier I information described in §370.41. EPA's Tier I and Tier II forms are available at https://www.epa.gov/epcra.

Note 1 to paragraph (b).

Some states require Tier II information annually under state law.

(c) You should contact the SERC to determine that state's requirements for inventory reporting formats, procedures, and to obtain inventory forms.

§370.41 What is Tier I inventory information?

Tier I information provides state and local officials and the public with information on the general types and locations of hazardous chemicals present at your facility during the previous calendar year. The Tier I information is the minimum information that you must provide to be in compliance with the inventory reporting requirements of this part. If you are reporting Tier I information, you must report aggregate information on hazardous chemicals by hazard category. The hazard categories (physical and health hazards) are available on the Tier I form for you to select. The Tier I inventory form includes the following data elements:

(a) The owner or operator or the officially designated representative of the owner or operator must certify that all information included in the Tier I submission is true, accurate, and complete as follows: “I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information and that based on my inquiry of those individuals responsible for obtaining the information, I believe that the submitted information is true, accurate, and complete.” This certification shall be accompanied by your full name, official title, signature, date signed, and total number of pages in the submission including all attachments. All other pages must also contain your signature or signature stamp, the date you signed the certification, and the total number of pages in the submission.

Note 1 to paragraph (a).

Some states require electronic reporting and electronic certification. Contact your state for its specific requirements.

(b) The calendar year for the reporting period.

(c) An indication whether the information being reported on page one of the form is identical to that submitted last year.

(d) The complete name and address of the location of your facility (include the full street address or state road, city, county, state, and zip code), latitude, and longitude.

(e) An indication if the location of your facility is manned or unmanned.

(f) An estimate of the maximum number of occupants present at any one time. If the location of your facility is unmanned, check the box marked N/A, not applicable.

(g) The phone number of your facility (optional).

(h) The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code for your facility.

(i) The Dun & Bradstreet number of your facility.

(j) Facility identification numbers assigned under the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) and Risk Management Program. If your facility has not been assigned an identification number under these programs or if your facility is not subject to reporting under these programs, check the box marked N/A, not applicable.

(k) An indication whether your facility is subject to the emergency planning notification requirement under EPCRA section 302, codified in 40 CFR part 355.

(l) An indication whether your facility is subject to the chemical accident prevention requirements under Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act, codified in 40 CFR part 68, also known as the Risk Management Program.

(m) The name, mailing address, phone number, and email address of the owner or operator of the facility.

(n) The name, mailing address, phone number, Dun & Bradstreet number, and email address of the facility's parent company. These are optional data elements.

(o) The name, title, phone number, 24-hour phone number, and email address of the facility emergency coordinator, if applicable.

Note 1 to paragraph (o).

EPCRA section 303(d)(1) requires facilities subject to the emergency planning notification requirement under EPCRA section 302 to designate a facility representative who will participate in the local emergency planning process as a facility emergency coordinator. This includes additional facilities designated by the Governor or SERC under EPCRA section 302(b)(2). EPA encourages facilities not subject to the emergency planning notification requirement also to provide this information, if available, for effective emergency planning in your community.

(p) The name, title, phone number, and email address of the person to contact for the information contained in the Tier I form.

(q) The name, title, phone number, and email address of at least one local individual who can act as a referral if emergency responders need assistance in responding to a chemical accident at your facility. You must also provide an emergency phone number that will be available 24 hours a day, every day.

(r) An indication whether the information being reported on page two of the form is identical to that submitted last year.

(s) An estimate (in ranges) of the maximum amount of hazardous chemicals in each hazard category present at your facility at any time during the preceding calendar year. You must use codes that correspond to different ranges. The range codes are provided in §370.43.

(t) An estimate (in ranges) of the average daily amount of hazardous chemicals in each hazard category present at your facility during the preceding calendar year. You must use codes that correspond to different ranges. The range codes are provided in §370.43.

(u) The maximum number of days that any single hazardous chemical within each hazard category was present at your facility during the reporting period.

(v) The general location of hazardous chemicals in each hazard category within your facility. General locations should include the names or identification of buildings, tank fields, lots, sheds, or other such areas. You may also attach one or more of the following with your Tier I inventory form:

(1) A site plan with site indicated for buildings, lots, areas, etc. throughout your facility.

(2) A list of site coordinate abbreviations that correspond to buildings, lots, areas, etc., throughout your facility.

(3) A description of dikes and other safeguard measures for storage locations throughout your facility.

(w) An indication whether you are including any attachments (optional).

§370.42 What is Tier II inventory information?

Tier II information provides state and local officials and the public with specific information on the amounts and locations of hazardous chemicals present at your facility during the previous calendar year. Some states may require you to use a state reporting format including electronic reporting and certification for submitting your hazardous chemical inventory. Contact your state for its specific requirements. The Tier II inventory form includes the following data elements:

(a) The owner or operator or the officially designated representative of the owner or operator must certify that all information included in the Tier II submission is true, accurate, and complete as follows: “I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information and that based on my inquiry of those individuals responsible for obtaining the information, I believe that the submitted information is true, accurate, and complete.” This certification must be accompanied by your full name, official title, signature, date signed, and total number of pages in the submission including all Confidential and Non-Confidential Information Sheets and all attachments. All other pages must also contain your signature or signature stamp, the date you signed the certification, and the total number of pages in the submission.

Note 1 to paragraph (a).

Some states require electronic reporting and electronic certification. Contact your state for the specific requirements in that state.

(b) The calendar year of the reporting period.

(c) An indication whether the information being reported on page one of the form is identical to that submitted last year.

(d) The complete name and address of the location of your facility (include the full street address or state road, city, county, state, and zip code), latitude, and longitude.

(e) An indication if the location of your facility is manned or unmanned.

(f) An estimate of the maximum number of occupants present at any one time. If the location of your facility is unmanned, check the box marked N/A, not applicable.

(g) The phone number of your facility (optional).

(h) The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code for your facility.

(i) The Dun & Bradstreet number of your facility.

(j) Facility identification numbers assigned under the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) and Risk Management Program. If your facility has not been assigned an identification number under these programs or if your facility is not subject to reporting under these programs, check the box marked N/A, not applicable.

(k) An indication if your facility is subject to the emergency planning notification requirement under section 302 of EPCRA, codified in 40 CFR part 355.

(l) An indication whether your facility is subject to the chemical accident prevention requirements under section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act (CAA), codified in 40 CFR part 68, Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions, also known as the Risk Management Program.

(m) The name, mailing address, phone number, and email address of the owner or operator of the facility.

(n) The name, mailing address, phone number, Dun & Bradstreet number, and email address of the facility's parent company. These are optional data elements.

(o) The name, title, phone number, 24-hour phone number, and email address of the facility emergency coordinator, if applicable.

Note 1 to paragraph (o).

EPCRA section 303(d)(1) requires facilities subject to the emergency planning notification requirement (including additional facilities designated by the Governor or SERC under EPCRA section 302(b)(2)) to designate a facility representative who will participate in the local emergency planning process as a facility emergency coordinator. This includes additional facilities designated by the Governor or SERC under EPCRA section 302(b)(2). EPA encourages facilities not subject to the emergency planning notification requirement also to provide this information, if available, for effective emergency planning in your community.

(p) The name, title, phone number, and email address of the person to contact regarding information contained in the Tier II form.

(q) The name, title, phone number and email address of at least one local individual who can act as a referral if emergency responders need assistance in responding to a chemical accident at your facility. You must also provide an emergency phone number that will be available 24 hours a day, every day.

(r) An indication whether the information being reported on page two of the form is identical to that submitted last year.

(s) For each hazardous chemical that you are required to report, you must:

(1) Provide the chemical name (or the common name of the chemical) as provided on the SDS and provide the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry number of the chemical provided on the SDS.

Note 1 to paragraph (s)(1).

If you are withholding the name in accordance with trade secret criteria, you must provide the generic class or category that is structurally descriptive of the chemical and indicate that the name is withheld because of trade secrecy. Trade secret criteria are addressed in §370.64(a).

(2) Indicate whether the chemical is a solid, liquid, or gas; and whether the chemical is an EHS.

(3) If you are reporting a mixture, enter the mixture name, product name or trade name, and CAS registry number as provided on the SDS. If there is no CAS number provided or it is not known, check the box “Not Available.”

(4) If the mixture you are reporting contains EHS(s), provide the name of each EHS in the mixture. As provided in §370.14(a), you also have an option to report the non-EHS hazardous components in the mixture.

(5) Indicate which hazard categories apply to the chemical or mixture. The hazard categories are available for you to select on the Tier II form and found in section 2 of the SDSs.

(6) Provide an estimate (in ranges) of the maximum amount of the hazardous chemical present at your facility on any single day during the preceding calendar year. If you are reporting a mixture, provide an estimate of the total amount of the mixture present at your facility on any single day during the preceding calendar year. If the mixture contains any EHSs, provide the total amount of each EHS in that mixture. You must use the codes that correspond to different ranges. The amounts and associated range codes are in §370.43.

(7) Provide an estimate (in ranges) of the average daily amount of the hazardous chemical present at your facility during the preceding calendar year. If you are reporting a mixture, provide an estimate of the average daily amount of the mixture. You must use the codes that correspond to different ranges. The amounts and associated range codes are in §370.43.

(8) Provide the maximum number of days that the hazardous chemical or mixture was present at your facility during the preceding calendar year.

(9) Provide the type of storage for the hazardous chemical or the mixture containing the hazardous chemical at your facility. Examples of types of storage: above-ground tank, plastic or non-metallic drum, steel drum, cylinder, rail car, etc.

Note 1 to paragraph (s)(9).

Your SERC or LEPC may have specific instructions for reporting types of storage and/or storage conditions.

(10) Provide the storage conditions for the hazardous chemical or mixture containing the hazardous chemical at your facility. Examples for types of storage conditions: Ambient pressure, ambient temperature, less than ambient temperature/pressure, cryogenic conditions, etc.

Note 2 to paragraph (s)(10).

Your SERC or LEPC may have specific instructions for reporting types of storage and/or storage conditions.

(11) Provide a brief description of the precise location(s) of the hazardous chemical(s) or mixture(s) at your facility. You may also attach one of the following with your Tier II inventory form:

(i) A site plan with site coordinates indicated for buildings, lots, areas, etc. throughout your facility.

(ii) A list of site coordinate abbreviations that correspond to buildings, lots, areas, etc., throughout your facility.

(iii) A description of dikes and other safeguard measures for storage locations throughout your facility.

(12) Under EPCRA section 324, you may choose to withhold from disclosure to the public the location information for a specific chemical. If you choose to withhold the location information from disclosure to the public, you must clearly indicate that the information is “confidential.” You must provide the confidential location information on a separate sheet from the other Tier II information (which will be disclosed to the public) and attach the Confidential Location Information Sheet to the other Tier II information. Indicate any attachments you are including.

(13) You may provide additional reporting. For example, if your state or local agencies require you to provide inventory information on additional chemicals or if you wish to report any hazardous chemical below the reporting thresholds specified in §370.10, check the appropriate box.

(t) An indication whether you are including any attachments (optional).

§370.43 What codes are used to report Tier I and Tier II inventory information?

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, you must use the following codes to report the maximum amount and average daily amount when reporting Tier I or Tier II inventory information:

Table 1 to Paragraph ( )
Range codesWeight range in pounds
FromTo
* Greater than 10 million
01099
02100499
03500999
041,0004,999
055,0009,999
0610,00024,999
0725,00049,999
0850,00074,999
0975,00099,999
10100,000499,999
11500,000999,999
121,000,0009,999,999
1310,000,000(*)

Note 1 to paragraph (a).

To convert gas or liquid volume to weight in pounds, multiply by an appropriate density factor.

(b) Your SERC or LEPC may provide other range codes for reporting maximum amount and average daily amount or may require reporting of specific amounts. You may use your SERC's or LEPC's range codes (or specific amounts) provided the ranges are not broader than the ranges in paragraph (a) of this section.

§370.44 To whom must I submit the inventory information?

You must submit the required inventory information to your SERC, LEPC, and the fire department with jurisdiction over your facility.

§370.45 When must I submit the inventory information?

(a) You must submit the required inventory information on or before March 1st of each year after your facility becomes subject to this part. Your submission must contain the required inventory information on hazardous chemicals present at your facility during the preceding calendar year at or above the threshold levels. Threshold levels are in §370.10. The minimum required inventory information under EPCRA section 312 is Tier I information. Tier I information requirements are described in §370.41.

(b) You must submit Tier II information within 30 days of the receipt of a request from the SERC, LEPC, or fire department with jurisdiction over your facility, as provided in §370.10(b). Tier II information requirements are described in §370.42.

Subpart D—Community Access to Information

§370.60 How does a person obtain SDS information about a specific facility?

Any person may obtain an SDS for a specific facility by writing to the LEPC and asking for it.

(a) If the LEPC has the SDS it must provide it to the person making the request.

(b) If the LEPC does not have the SDS it must request it from the facility's owner or operator.

§370.61 How does a person obtain inventory information about a specific facility?

(a) Any person may request Tier II information for a specific facility by writing to the SERC or LEPC.

(1) If the SERC or LEPC has the Tier II information, the SERC or LEPC must provide it to the person making the request.

(2) If the SERC or LEPC does not have the Tier II information, it must request it from the facility owner or operator in either of the following cases:

(i) The person making the request is a state or local official acting in an official capacity.

(ii) The request is for hazardous chemicals in amounts greater than 10,000 pounds stored at the facility at any time during the previous calendar year.

(3) If the SERC or LEPC does not have the Tier II information, it may request it from the facility owner or operator when neither condition in paragraph (a)(2) of this section is met but the person's request includes a general statement of need.

(b) A SERC or LEPC must respond to a request for Tier II information under this section within 45 days of receiving such a request.

§370.62 What information may a state or local official request from a facility?

The LEPC may ask a facility owner or operator to submit an SDS for a hazardous chemical present at the facility. The SERC, LEPC, or fire department with jurisdiction over a facility may ask a facility owner or operator to submit Tier II information. The owner or operator must provide the SDS (unless the owner or operator has already submitted an SDS to the LEPC for that hazardous chemical) or Tier II information within 30 days of receipt of such request.

§370.63 What responsibilities do the SERC and LEPC have to make request information available?

Under this subpart, the SERC or LEPC must make the following information (except for confidential location information discussed in §370.64(b)) available if a person requests it:

(a) All information obtained from an owner or operator in response to a request under this subpart.

(b) Any requested Tier II information or SDS otherwise in possession of the SERC or the LEPC.

§370.64 What information can I claim as trade secret or confidential?

(a) Trade secrets. You may be able to withhold the name of a specific chemical when submitting SDS reporting or inventory reporting information if that chemical name is claimed as a trade secret. The requirements for withholding trade secret information are set forth in EPCRA section 322 and implemented in 40 CFR part 350. If you are withholding the name of a specific chemical as a trade secret in accordance with trade secrecy requirements, you must report the generic class or category that is structurally descriptive of the chemical along with all other required information. You must also submit the withheld information to EPA and must adequately substantiate your claim. A Form for substantiating trade secret claims is available at the Agency website at https://www.epa.gov/epcra.

(b) Confidential location information. You may request that the SERC and LEPC not disclose to the public the location of any specific chemical required to be submitted in Tier II information. If you make such a request, the SERC and LEPC must not disclose the location of the specific chemical. Although you may request that location information (with respect to a specific chemical) be withheld from the public, you may not withhold this information from the SERC, LEPC, and the local fire department. If you use the Tier II Form to report your inventory information, you can choose to report the confidential location information for the specific chemical on the Tier II Confidential Location Form and attach this form to the other Tier II information you are reporting. The Tier II Confidential Location Form is available on the Agency website at https://www.epa.gov/epcra.

§370.65 Must I allow the local fire department to inspect my facility, and must I provide specific location information about hazardous chemicals at my facility?

If you are the owner or operator of a facility that has submitted inventory information under this part, you must comply with the following two requirements upon request by the fire department with jurisdiction over your facility:

(a) You must allow the fire department to conduct an on-site inspection of your facility; and

(b) You must provide the fire department with information about the specific locations of hazardous chemicals at your facility.

§370.66 [Reserved]

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Most Recent Highlights In Environmental

EHS Monthly Round Up - December 2025

EHS Monthly Round Up - December 2025

In this December 2025 roundup video, we'll review the most impactful environmental health and safety news.

Hi everyone! Welcome to the monthly news roundup video, where we’ll review the most impactful environmental health and safety news. Let’s take a look at what happened over the last month.

In fiscal year 2025, the top three violations for non-construction small employers, those with under 100 employees, were hazard communication, respiratory protection, and powered industrial trucks. Three industries dominated these violations: fabricated metal product manufacturing, repair and maintenance, and non-metallic mineral product manufacturing.

OSHA issued several new letters of interpretation on a variety of workplace topics, including permit required confined spaces, recordkeeping, and powered industrial trucks. Letters of interpretation help ensure the consistent application of federal workplace safety and health standards, and provide regulatory clarification to employers, workers, and safety professionals.

California’s STOP Act took effect January 1. The law targets the state’s fabricated stone industry. It prohibits dry cutting of stone countertops, mandates employee training, and classifies silicosis and silica-related lung cancer from artificial stone as a serious injury or illness.

As of January 1, Washington state requires tower crane permits for all construction work involving tower crane operation, assembly, disassembly, and reconfiguration. Before issuing permits, Washington Department of Labor and Industries will conduct safety conferences to ensure all parties understand the safety requirements and related responsibilities.

Turning to environmental news, EPA issued compliance deadline extensions for certain emissions standards. The delays affect the New Source Performance Standards for crude oil and natural gas facilities and the emissions guidelines for such facilities. Compliance timelines have been pushed into mid- to late-2026 and early 2027.

And finally, although EPA has been deregulating or loosening some environmental requirements, there are still some standards being tightened. These include renewable fuel standards, stormwater management, and PFAS disclosure. Changes to these requirements will reshape compliance obligations for U.S. companies in 2026, and reflect a trend toward increased transparency and environmental accountability.

Thanks for tuning in to the monthly news roundup. We’ll see you next month!

EHS Monthly Round Up - January 2025

EHS Monthly Round Up - January 2025

In this January 2025 monthly roundup video, we'll review the most impactful environmental health and safety news.

Hi everyone! Welcome to the monthly news roundup video, where we’ll review the most impactful environmental health and safety news. There’s a lot going on, so let’s get started!

As happens at the start of most incoming presidential administrations, a freeze has been placed on all regulatory activity at the federal level, giving the new administration time to review agencies’ plans. The Office of Management and Budget, which must approve most rulemaking activities, has sent numerous pending rules back to the agencies for review. In addition, OSHA withdrew its infectious diseases proposed rule and its COVID-19 in healthcare rule prior to the inauguration.

OSHA’s penalties increased on January 15. The maximum penalty amounts for serious and other-than-serious violations increased to $16,550. For willful or repeated violations, the maximum penalty increased to $165,514 per violation.

OSHA updated its directive on injury and illness recordkeeping policies and procedures. While it’s intended for OSHA compliance officers, employers can use the information to help with recordkeeping compliance.

Fewer workers died on the job in 2023, as fatal work injuries decreased 3.7 percent from 2022. Transportation incidents remained the most frequent type of fatal event, accounting for over 36 percent of all occupational fatalities.

California’s Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board voted to adopt a permanent silica standard. If approved, it would extend and strengthen the state’s emergency temporary standard, which was put in place in December 2023.

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health updated its List of Hazardous Drugs in Healthcare Settings. This is a resource for employers and employees in identifying drugs that are hazardous to the health and safety of those who handle them.

Turning to environmental news, EPA released the biannual update of the nonconfidential TSCA inventory. The inventory helps facilities determine their regulatory requirements for the chemicals they use or plan to use.

And finally, EPA added new Management Method Codes to describe how hazardous waste will be managed after temporary storage and transfer. As of January 1st, hazardous waste handlers must use the codes on the Biennial Report Waste Generation and Management forms.

Thanks for tuning in to the monthly news roundup. We’ll see you next month!

EPA extends wastewater compliance deadlines for coal-fired steam power plants
2026-01-05T06:00:00Z

EPA extends wastewater compliance deadlines for coal-fired steam power plants

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a final rule on December 31, 2025, that changes certain requirements for wastewater discharges from coal-fired steam electric power plants. It applies to regulations established by the preceding rule finalized in 2024.

The 2025 final rule:

  • Extends the submission deadline for the notice of planned participation (NOPP) required for the subcategory of electric generating units (EGUs) seeking to permanently stop coal combustion by December 31, 2034;
  • Extends compliance deadlines for zero-discharge limitations that apply to dischargers of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater, bottom ash (BA) transport water, and combustion residual leachate (CRL);
  • Establishes tiered standards for indirect discharges of FGD wastewater, BA transport water, and CRL; and
  • Adds provisions that allow facilities to transfer into and out of the subcategory of regulated EGUs that will permanently cease coal combustion by 2034 until December 31, 2034.

Who’s affected?

The final rule impacts EGUs subject to the effluent limitations guidelines and standards for the steam electric power generating point source category (40 CFR Part 423).

What are the new deadlines?

The 2025 final rule delays the NOPP compliance date. It also extends the deadlines for zero-discharge limitations on FGD wastewater, BA transport water, and CRL. The delays apply to the best available economically achievable (BAT) limitations for direct dischargers and the pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES) for indirect dischargers.

Requirement(s)Previous deadlineNew deadline
  • NOPP for permanent cessation of coal combustion by 2034
December 31, 2025December 31, 2031
(Direct dischargers)
  • FGD wastewater BAT
  • BA transport water BAT
  • CRL BAT
No later than December 31, 2029No later than December 31, 2034
(Indirect dischargers)
  • FGD wastewater PSES
  • BA transport water PSES
  • CRL PSES
May 9, 2027January 1, 2029, or site-specific date for BAT

What are the other changes?

EPA’s 2025 final rule sets tiered standards for indirect dischargers of FGD wastewater, BA transport water, and CRL:

  • The first tier requires indirect dischargers to meet pre-2024 final rule standards by January 1, 2029.
  • The second tier:
    • Allows indirect dischargers to continue indirectly discharging up to December 31, 2024, if they certify that they’ll convert to become direct dischargers; or
    • Requires indirect dischargers to meet the zero-discharge requirements by January 1, 2029, if they choose not to become direct dischargers.

The final rule also adds provisions that enable facilities to transfer into and out of the subcategory of regulated EGUs that will permanently cease coal combustion by 2034 until December 31, 2034. It allows EGUs to switch between complying with the zero-discharge limitations and the requirements that apply to the subcategory.

Key to remember: EPA has delayed certain compliance requirements for coal-fired steam electric power plants that discharge three types of wastewaters.

2026-01-02T06:00:00Z

New York establishes Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program

Effective date: December 10, 2025

This applies to: Certain GHG emission sources

Description of change: Entities subject to 6 NYCRR Part 253 must submit annual reports of greenhouse (GHG) emissions during the previous calendar year by June 1. Reporting facilities must keep records used for the reports, and larger sources have to obtain third-party verification of their reported emissions. The first report will cover 2026 GHG emissions data and will be due on June 1, 2027.

The regulation applies to emission sources that are in a listed category and operate in New York. The rule establishes three reporting threshold categories:

  • Suppliers of fuels, electricity, or fertilizer;
  • Facilities that emit more than 10,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent of GHGs annually; and
  • Sources with a specific operational activity.

Related state info: Clean air operating permit state comparison

2026-01-02T06:00:00Z

Washington restricts PFAS products

Effective date: December 21, 2025

This applies to: Manufacturers, sellers, and distributors of certain consumer products with intentionally added PFAS

Description of change: The Washington State Department of Ecology amended regulations to restrict the manufacture, sale, and distribution of consumer products with intentionally added per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in these categories:

  • Apparel and accessories,
  • Automotive washes, and
  • Cleaning products.

The department also added requirements for manufacturers to report intentional use of PFAS for nine other consumer product categories, including:

  • Apparel intended for extreme and extended use,
  • Footwear,
  • Gear for recreation and travel,
  • Automotive waxes,
  • Cookware and kitchen supplies,
  • Firefighting personal protective equipment,
  • Floor waxes and polishes,
  • Hard surface sealers, and
  • Ski waxes.

New restrictions take effect on January 1, 2027, and initial reports are due by January 31, 2027 (and by January 31 annually thereafter).

Related state info: Hazardous waste generators — Washington

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Most Recent Highlights In Transportation

2026-01-02T06:00:00Z

New Jersey amends rules for contaminated site remediation, redevelopment

Effective date: November 17, 2025

This applies to: Facilities subject to site remediation and redevelopment regulations

Description of change: The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection made amendments to:

  • The Industrial Site Recovery Act,
  • The Administrative Requirements for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites,
  • The Technical Requirements for Site Remediation, and
  • The Heating Oil Tank System Remediation Rules.

In addition to adding the Site Remediation Reform Act’s requirements to the regulations, the department adopted amendments to simplify the remedial action permit process and implementation of the licensed site remediation professional program.

2026-01-02T06:00:00Z

New Hampshire adds fines for contaminated site management obligations

Effective date: November 4, 2025

This applies to: Parties responsible for investigating and remediating regulated sites impacted by releases of regulated contaminants

Description of change: The New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services readopted contaminated site management rules with changes. The amended rule:

  • Adds requirements for the responsible party’s obligation for managing contaminated groundwater and soil during construction and dewatering activities,
  • Adds requirements for the responsible party’s obligations for assessing and remediating discharges causing vapor intrusion to indoor air,
  • Adds requirements for the responsible party’s obligation for managing extracted contaminated groundwater for dewatering purposes, and
  • Adds fines to implement when a responsible party doesn’t meet obligations.
2026-01-02T06:00:00Z

Florida adds grease waste hauler requirements

Effective date: December 7, 2025

This applies to: Haulers of grease waste from food establishments

Description of change: The Florida Department of Environmental Protection established removal and disposal regulations for haulers of grease waste from originator food establishments. Haulers must dispose of grease waste at certified facilities and document removals and disposals using a service manifest.

2026-01-02T06:00:00Z

California codifies industrial ethyl alcohol exemption

Effective date: November 17, 2025

This applies to: Generators, transporters, and recycling facilities

Description of change: The California Department of Toxic Substances Control adopted a permanent rule that exempts spent, unused, and off-specification industrial ethyl alcohol from a majority of the hazardous waste regulations when it’s recycled at a facility permitted by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau.

The exemption isn’t new; it was adopted multiple times via temporary emergency rulemaking. This rulemaking action permanently establishes the exemption in the California Code of Regulations.

Related state info: Hazardous waste generators — California

2026-01-02T06:00:00Z

District of Columbia adds nonwoven disposable product regulations

Effective date: November 14, 2025

This applies to: Manufacturers of nonwoven disposable products sold in D.C.

Description of change: The Washington, D.C. Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE) added regulations (21 DCMR Chapter 24) for nonwoven disposable products labeling to implement the Nonwoven Disposable Products Act of 2016.

The chapter sets the standards for determining whether a nonwoven disposable product may be labeled as flushable, including testing and labeling requirements for flushable and nonflushable products. It applies to all nonwoven products that may potentially be used in a bathroom and flushed (e.g., baby wipes, disinfecting wipes, makeup removal wipes, general purpose cleaning wipes, etc.).

Compliance requirements start in May 2027.

Related state info: Industrial water permitting — District of Columbia

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Most Recent Highlights In Safety & Health

2026-01-02T06:00:00Z

Maryland establishes fuel provider reporting program

Effective date: December 22, 2025

This applies to: Heating fuel providers delivering heating fuel in Maryland

Description of change: The Maryland Department of the Environment established the Maryland Heating Fuel Provider Reporting Program. It requires heating fuel providers to submit an annual report by April 1 that covers the monthly amount of fuel delivered in the state, organized by fuel type, sector, and county.

Heating fuel providers should begin gathering data in January 2026. The initial report for calendar year 2026 will be due by April 1, 2027. The department plans to publish the annual reporting template in Spring 2026.

Related state info: Clean air operating permit state comparison

2026-01-02T06:00:00Z

California updates UST regulations

Effective date: January 1, 2026

This applies to: UST owners and operators

Description of change: The California State Water Resources Control Board updated the underground storage tank (UST) construction, monitoring, and testing requirements. Significant changes include:

  • Replacing the classification of new and existing USTs with a three-category classification system based on the installation date;
  • Requiring testing notifications to be sent to Unified Program Agencies (UPAs);
  • Requiring USTs installed on or after January 1, 2027, to be anchored;
  • Requiring UPA approval before repairing UST systems;
  • Reducing the timeline to submit enhanced leak detection test results to 30 days; and
  • Changing closure requirements.

Related state info: Underground storage tanks (USTs) — California

2026-01-02T06:00:00Z

Minnesota establishes PFAS reporting, fees rule

Effective date: December 8, 2025

This applies to: Manufacturers of products with intentionally added PFAS

Description of change: The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency added rules that require manufacturers that sell, offer for sale, or distribute products in the state that contain intentionally added per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to:

  • Submit annual reports, and
  • Pay a fee.

The initial report is due by July 1, 2026. Thereafter, annual reports will be due by February 1. Reports will be submitted electronically through the PFAS Reporting and Information System for Manufacturers (PRISM).

2026-01-02T06:00:00Z

Iowa adds fees for Title V, asbestos air programs

Effective date: January 14, 2026

This applies to: Entities required to obtain a Title V operating permit and owners or operators of sites subject to asbestos notifications

Description of change: The Iowa Environmental Protection Commission added a new annual base fee for Title V operating permit holders, due by July 1.

Additionally, the commission added a fee for revising asbestos notifications. It applies to sites required by the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants to submit asbestos demolition or renovation notifications.

Related state info: Clean air operating permits state comparison

Aboveground storage tanks: SPCC integrity test FAQs
2025-12-30T06:00:00Z

Aboveground storage tanks: SPCC integrity test FAQs

Integrity matters, especially when it’s the one factor standing between your aboveground storage container and the accidental release of thousands of gallons of oil. Consistently checking the structural soundness of aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) is vital to preventing spills and the potential related consequences.

Facilities covered by the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) rule must inspect and test ASTs for integrity regularly. By comparing the test results, facilities can monitor changes in the condition of ASTs and determine whether it’s safe to keep using them.

Consider these FAQs about inspections and tests to help ensure your facility’s aboveground tanks are structurally sound.

What do industry standards have to do with integrity testing?

The answer in one word is everything. EPA’s SPCC rule requires facilities to regularly inspect and test ASTs in accordance with industry standards (40 CFR 112.8(c)(6)). The standards are technical guidelines that serve as the minimum practices accepted for inspections and tests.

The regulations require facilities to develop and implement an SPCC Plan to prevent, prepare for, and respond to oil spills. In the plan, facilities establish how they’ll conduct integrity inspections and tests for ASTs (referred to as bulk storage containers in the regulations). If your SPCC Plan states that the facility will use a specific industry standard for integrity inspections and tests, it must comply with all relevant parts of that standard.

In EPA’s Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure Plan (SPCC) Program Bulk Storage Container Inspection Fact Sheet, the agency references two industry standards frequently used for integrity inspections and tests:

  • American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction; and
  • Steel Tank Institute (STI) SP001, Standard for the Inspection of Aboveground Storage Tanks.

When should facilities conduct integrity tests?

EPA requires facilities to inspect or test ASTs for integrity:

  • On a regular schedule, and
  • Whenever you make material repairs.

Your facility must use industry standards to determine the types and frequency of inspections and tests needed. These considerations have to be based on the AST’s size, configuration, and design.

Who can conduct integrity tests?

Generally, industry standards mandate that certified individuals conduct integrity inspections and tests. The standards should describe the qualifications an individual must have to be considered certified. This may involve certifying individuals in your facility or hiring certified personnel.

What are the types of integrity inspections and testing?

The proper type of integrity inspection or test (which must be nondestructive) depends on the specific container and its configuration. Industry standards identify the type of inspection or test needed and may require using a combination of methods. Examples include:

  • Acoustic emissions testing,
  • Helium leak testing,
  • Hydrostatic testing,
  • Inert gas leak testing,
  • Liquid penetrant examinations,
  • Magnetic flux leakage scanning,
  • Magnetic particle examinations,
  • Radiographic testing,
  • Ultrasonic testing,
  • Ultrasonic thickness measurements,
  • Vacuum box testing,
  • Visual inspections, and
  • Weld inspections.

Industry standards may require your facility to establish baseline conditions for ASTs that haven’t undergone integrity testing or where such information isn’t available (e.g., when a business purchases a facility with ASTs). The baseline evaluation determines the container’s metal thickness, corrosion rates, and likely remaining service. Facilities then compare the results of subsequent integrity inspections and tests with the baseline data.

What are the recordkeeping requirements?

The SPCC rule requires facilities to maintain integrity inspection and test records (namely, comparison records) for at least 3 years. These records must be signed by the supervisor or inspector and kept with the SPCC Plan. Consider maintaining these records for the life of the AST, especially since many industry standards recommend it.

What’s a hybrid inspection program?

Sometimes, an alternative inspection program may be more appropriate than using an industry standard. If your facility and a certified Professional Engineer (PE) determine this to be the case, you can implement an environmentally equivalent inspection program. The SPCC rule also allows some facilities to replace certain parts of an industry standard with environmentally equivalent approaches.

However, these hybrid (site-specific) programs have additional regulatory requirements. A facility with a hybrid inspection program must include in the SPCC Plan:

  • A certification by the PE of the alternative program,
  • An explanation of why the facility isn’t using industry standards,
  • A comprehensive description of the alternative program, and
  • A description of how the alternative provides the same environmental protection as the relevant industry standard.

What about state requirements?

State and local AST regulations must be at least as stringent as EPA’s requirements. However, some may require additional or stricter compliance obligations. Verify AST rules with the state environmental agency.

Key to remember: Industry standards determine how a facility conducts integrity inspections and tests on aboveground storage tanks.

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Most Recent Highlights In Human Resources

Lamps, batteries, and fines: Fixing the 5 biggest universal waste mistakes
2025-12-19T06:00:00Z

Lamps, batteries, and fines: Fixing the 5 biggest universal waste mistakes

Let’s be honest, managing compliance is tough. But when it comes to Universal Waste (UW), items like fluorescent bulbs, used batteries, aerosol cans, and old thermostats can expose employers to fines without them even realizing it. Why? Because Universal Waste is the ultimate regulatory paradox. These items are still classified as hazardous waste, but the EPA created a streamlined rule set (40 CFR Part 273) to make recycling easier. The problem is that many employers assume "streamlined" means "ignorable." Fixing these problems is incredibly straightforward. By tackling the most common UW mistakes, you don’t just avoid penalties; you build a predictable, efficient, and cost-effective waste program.

Top 5 universal waste violations and how to avoid them

  1. The container crime: Leaving it open - Leaving a Universal Waste container open is a common and costly mistake. When boxes or drums holding items like lamps and batteries are left unsealed or without a proper lid, the risk of contamination skyrockets. If a fluorescent tube breaks, mercury vapor escapes; if a battery leaks, corrosive material spills. An open container is considered a failure to prevent a release, which is a core hazardous waste violation. The fix is simple: close the container immediately. Train designated handlers to ensure containers remain sealed except when adding or removing waste, and use containers specifically designed for UW, such as fiber drums for lamps with secure, sealable lids. If it’s open, it’s a violation waiting to happen.
  2. The ticking clock: Missing the accumulation date - Missing the accumulation date is a violation that can cost you. Every Universal Waste container must clearly show the date when the first item was placed inside, and both Small and Large Quantity Handlers have only one year (365 days) to store UW before it must be shipped off-site. Without a visible start date, inspectors will assume you have exceeded that limit. The solution is simple: mark it and track it. Use a permanent marker to write the “Start Date” directly on the container, and do not wait until day 364 to act. A digital spreadsheet or calendar reminder can help you stay ahead, and scheduling vendor pickups between the 9- and 11-month mark creates a critical 30-day buffer against delays or conflicts.
  3. The DIY treatment disaster - Attempting to treat Universal Waste on-site is a recipe for violations. Crushing bulbs, mixing incompatible waste streams, or dismantling items to save space may seem efficient, but it is strictly prohibited under UW rules. These regulations are designed to simplify storage and not treatment. Breaking a fluorescent bulb outside of a permitted device not only risks mercury exposure but also constitutes hazardous waste mismanagement. The fix is simple is to train personnel that their role is to store and package waste correctly, not to alter or treat it. Keep fragile items in secure areas where they will not be crushed by forklifts or stacked boxes. Managing UW means preventing breakage, not creating it.
  4. The identity crisis: Improper labeling - Improper labeling is a common Universal Waste mistake that can lead to serious compliance issues. Containers marked vaguely such as “Recycling” or simply “Hazardous Waste” fail to meet regulatory requirements and create confusion for inspectors and emergency responders who need instant clarity. The term “Hazardous Waste” applies only to RCRA hazardous waste, not UW, and mixing these labels signals that your team has not properly identified the waste stream. Be specific and clear. Every UW container must include the words “Universal Waste” followed by the exact type of material, such as:
    • “Universal Waste – Spent Lamps”
    • “Universal Waste – Used Batteries”
    • “Universal Waste – Mercury-Containing Equipment”
  5. The knowledge gap: Training deficiencies - Training deficiencies are one of the most overlooked Universal Waste compliance gaps. Employees responsible for handling or managing UW must receive documented, recurring training on identification, accumulation limits, and handling protocols. Even the best-written program will fail if the staff placing items into containers do not understand the rules — especially dating and labeling requirements. Without proper training, an audit failure is almost guaranteed. The fix is straightforward — provide documented, annual training. Make sure every relevant staff member understands your facility’s specific UW streams key compliance practices. Maintain clear records of who was trained, when, and on what topics This paper trail is your strongest defense during an inspection.

Keys to remember: Universal waste compliance hinges on keeping containers closed, labeled, dated, and ensuring employees managing these materials are trained and documenting their actions. When your program is consistent, simple, and intentional, you eliminate preventable violations and turn UW management into a predictable, low-risk process.

Ripple effect: How data centers influence compliance strategies
2025-12-17T06:00:00Z

Ripple effect: How data centers influence compliance strategies

The rapid growth of data centers creates new challenges for other regulated facilities. Expansion driven by artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing increases their impact on environmental compliance. Key areas include air permitting, attainment status, and regional power supply.

Data centers and air permitting

Data centers depend on backup power to stay online during outages. Most use natural gas or diesel generators. These units release pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. When many generators operate together, their potential emissions can push regions close to or beyond National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). This shift can threaten local attainment status and make it harder for nearby facilities to get new permits.

What EPA is doing

On December 11, 2025, the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA’s) Office of Air and Radiation launched the “Clean Air Act Resources for Data Centers” webpage. It provides regulatory guidance, permitting tools, and technical letters. The goal is to make air permitting for data centers faster and more transparent while protecting air quality.

Why this matters for other regulated facilities

  • Attainment status at risk

Large data centers add cumulative emissions from multiple generators. Even permitted emissions from nearby plants can combine and push an area into nonattainment. That change triggers stricter air permitting rules for everyone.

  • Power demand competition

Data centers use large amounts of electricity. They often need on-site generators or new grid connections. This can strain local power supplies. In some cases, grid operators give data centers priority during peak demand, leaving other facilities with less reliable power.

  • Stricter air quality modeling requirements

Some states now require detailed modeling for backup generators. For example, Illinois reviewed 34 generators for one data center before granting a permit. If modeling shows high emissions, regulators may limit operating hours or require extra controls.

Broader regulatory shifts

EPA recently updated its interpretation of New Source Review (NSR) rules. In September 2025, the agency said construction can start before full air permits are issued, as long as emission-related work waits for approval. This speeds up projects but makes it harder for neighboring facilities to predict cumulative emissions early.

What non-data center facilities should do

  • Stay informed

Watch for new data center projects in your area. Their emissions could affect your permits.

  • Engage early

Join public comment periods for data center permits. Push for full modeling of combined impacts.

  • Plan for power

Work with grid operators. Understand how demand-response programs and EPA’s “50-hour rule” for emergency generators affect your reliability.

  • Choose sites wisely

Consider locating new projects in areas with robust infrastructure and cleaner attainment status. Data centers might compete for the same grid upgrades or site approvals.

Key to remember: Data centers are more than tech hubs. They influence air permitting and power allocation. Their growth can affect your ability to expand, or even operate, under current compliance rules.

Acid Rain Program compliance: SO2 vs. NOx
2025-12-11T06:00:00Z

Acid Rain Program compliance: SO2 vs. NOx

Did you know that the federal government regulates the power sector’s impact on rain? The Acid Rain Program limits the amount of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) — the main causes of acid rain — that fossil fuel-fired electric generating units (EGUs) may emit. However, the SO2 and NOx reduction programs operate differently, and the ways that facilities can meet the SO2 and NOx limits are distinct.

It's essential to know the compliance options because facilities that don’t meet the SO2 and NOx standards must pay penalties for their excess emissions. And in November 2025, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set higher penalties for the next two compliance years.

So, what are the differences?

Who’s affected?

The first thing to confirm is whether your facility is subject to the Acid Rain Program (40 CFR 72.6). The program regulates fossil fuel-fired power plants. It applies to:

  • EGUs that serve generators with an output capacity of more than 25 megawatts, and
  • All new EGUs.

Note that the NOx program applies to a specific subset of coal-fired boilers.

SO2 reduction program

EPA operates the SO2 reduction program through an allowance trading system (Part 73). The agency sets a cap on the total SO2 emissions for the year and then allocates SO2 allowances to regulated units. One allowance represents 1 ton of SO2 emissions.

For each compliance year, a facility must show that it has enough allowances to cover its emissions of SO2. It’s similar to EPA’s hydrofluorocarbon allowance program.

There are multiple compliance options. Facilities may:

  • Sell extra allowances if they have more allowances than needed,
  • Save extra allowances if they have more allowances than needed (and use them in the future), or
  • Buy extra allowances if they can’t keep emissions below their allocated level.

Facilities can purchase allowances from or sell allowances to individuals, companies, groups, or brokers. Additionally, facilities may bid on allowances at EPA’s annual Acid Rain Program SO2 Allowance Auction.

NOx reduction program

EPA sets annual emission limits for the NOx reduction program (Part 76), which applies to these types of boilers:

  • Dry bottom wall-fired boilers,
  • Tangentially fired boilers,
  • Cell burner boilers,
  • Cyclone boilers,
  • Vertically fired boilers, and
  • Wet bottom boilers.

Like the SO2 program, the NOx program offers multiple compliance options. Facilities can:

  • Meet the standard annual emission limitations,
  • Average the emissions rates of two or more boilers, or
  • Apply for an alternative emission limit (AEL) if they can’t meet the standard emission limit.

Additional requirements apply to facilities that use options other than complying with the limits:

  • Facilities that want to average emissions rates must submit an averaging plan that’s approved by the permitting authorities (76.11).
  • Facilities that apply for an AEL are required to use the NOx emission control technology used as the basis for the emission limit and must demonstrate that the unit can’t comply using the technology (76.10).

It pays (or, at least, costs less) to comply!

Excess emissions penalties can add up quickly. That’s why it’s vital to ensure your facility understands how to comply with the SO2 and NOx reduction programs properly.

The adjustment rates that EPA set for compliance years 2025 and 2026 (2.5265 and 2.6001, respectively) are used to calculate the total penalties a facility must pay if it exceeds SO2 or NOx limits during these compliance years.

Here are the formulas:

  • Penalty for excess SO2 emissions = $2,000/ton x annual adjustment factor x tons of excess SO2 emissions
  • Penalty for excess NOx emissions = $2,000/ton x annual adjustment factor x tons of excess NOx emissions

Let’s run through a couple of examples of what noncompliance could cost.

FactorsPenalty Per TonTotal Penalties
  • Tons of excess SO2 emissions: 10
  • Compliance year: 2025
  • Annual adjustment factor: 2.5265
$2,000 x 2.5265 = $5,053$5,053 x 10 = $50,530
  • Tons of excess NOx emissions: 5
  • Compliance year: 2026
  • Annual adjustment factor: 2.6001
$2,000 x 2.6001 = $5,200.20$5,200.20 x 5 = $26,001

As shown in the example above, excess emissions can cost facilities a lot in penalties. Just 1 ton of excess emissions will result in more than $5,000! Knowing your compliance options for the Acid Rain Program’s SO2 and NOx reduction programs can help your facility avoid steep fines.

Key to remember: The Acid Rain Program limits SO2 and NOx emissions from fossil fuel-fired power plants, but the compliance options for each type of emission differ. Understanding the distinct options can help facilities avoid penalties for excess emissions.

EPA’s 2026 regulatory shift: How environmental managers can stay ahead
2025-12-05T06:00:00Z

EPA’s 2026 regulatory shift: How environmental managers can stay ahead

The clock is ticking for environmental teams. By 2026, several new EPA regulations will reshape compliance obligations for U.S. companies. Organizations that act now will avoid costly penalties and operational disruptions.

What’s changing and why it matters

Although EPA has been deregulating or loosening some requirements, there are still some standards being tightened across multiple fronts in the coming year:

  • Renewable fuel standards (RFS): The EPA proposed higher volume requirements for 2026, including 24.02 billion renewable identification numbers (RINs), up nearly 8% from 2025. This increase pushes stricter expectations on fuel producers and organizations purchasing renewable fuels.
  • Stormwater multi-sector general permit (MSGP): A new MSGP set to take effect by February 2026 will require quarterly PFAS indicator monitoring, expanded benchmark sampling, and resiliency measures in stormwater control designs.
  • PFAS Reporting under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): TSCA Section 8(a)(7) mandates PFAS manufacturing and import data collection beginning in April 2026, through October 2026, with extended deadlines for certain small manufacturers.

Failure to prepare could lead to fines, reputational damage, supply chain disruptions, and permit delays. Companies that weave compliance planning into their 2026 strategy will be positioned not just to meet legal deadlines but to sustain operations smoothly.

Key areas of impact

  • Renewable fuel standards (RFS) and air emissions The proposed increase in 2026 Renewable Identification Numbers (RIN) volumes, from 24.02 billion to 24.46 billion for 2027, signals tightening air and fuels policy that affects fuel use and emissions accounting.
  • Stormwater management The upcoming 2026 MSGP requires expanded quarterly PFAS monitoring, new benchmark triggers, corrective action plans, and integration of climate resilience in design standards.
  • PFAS disclosure (TSCA Section 8(a)(7)) Manufacturers and importers of PFAS must submit electronic reporting of usage, volumes, disposal, and exposure data between April and October 2026, with extensions available for smaller operations.

Steps to take now

  • Audit compliance programs: Cross-check operations against RIN inventory, stormwater permits, and TSCA reporting duties.
  • Upgrade monitoring and recordkeeping: Implement robust electronic systems to track PFAS, stormwater quality, fuel volumes, and emissions.
  • Staff training: Educate teams on PFAS obligations, new stormwater protocols, and RFS structures.
  • Engage regulators early: Comment on proposed rules, consult during permit drafting, and flag issues during the notice-and-comment period.

Looking ahead

The EPA’s 2026 updates reflect a trend toward increased transparency and environmental accountability. Companies that treat compliance as strategic will not only avoid enforcement but also gain resilience and stakeholder trust.

Key to remember: Start planning now. Early action on EPA rule changes will save time, money, and headaches when enforcement begins.

EPA confirms oil, gas emissions compliance extensions
2025-12-05T06:00:00Z

EPA confirms oil, gas emissions compliance extensions

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a rule on December 3, 2025, that finalizes compliance deadline extensions for certain emissions standards applicable to crude oil and natural gas facilities. The final rule also further delays compliance timelines for two requirements.

EPA’s delays affect:

  • The New Source Performance Standards for crude oil and natural gas facilities (40 CFR 60 Subpart OOOOb), and
  • The emissions guidelines (EGs) for crude oil and natural gas facilities (60 Subpart OOOOc).

EPA’s December 2025 final rule is a direct response to the interim final rule (IFR) it issued in July 2025.

The July 2025 IFR extended the compliance deadline for net heating value (NHV) monitoring of flares and enclosed combustion devices (ECDs) to November 28, 2025. The IFR moved the rest of the compliance deadlines to January 22, 2027, for:

  • ECD performance tests;
  • Cover and closed vent system requirements for no identifiable emissions (NIEs), including:
    • Design and operation standards,
    • Test methods and procedures, and
    • Inspections.
  • Equipment leak repair requirements;
  • Phase two of zero-emission standards for process controllers;
  • Storage vessel requirements, including:
    • Using potential emissions limits that qualify as legally and practicably enforceable,
    • Triggering throughput-based modifications, and
    • Using a 30-day period of production to calculate potential emissions.
  • Flare and ECD pilot flame rules, including:
    • Ensuring the devices operate with a continuous pilot flame, and
    • Installing and operating a system to send an alarm to the nearest control room when a pilot flame is unlit.
  • Implementation of the Super Emitter Program, and
  • Submission of state plans for implementing the updated EGs.

What’s the same?

EPA’s December 2025 final rule maintains the same compliance deadlines for all requirements delayed to January 22, 2027.

What’s different?

The agency’s December 2025 final rule sets a new compliance date of June 1, 2026, for the NHV monitoring requirements. This includes an alternative performance test (sampling demonstration) option for flares and ECDs.

Additionally, the rule moves the compliance date for annual reporting, establishing that no annual report is due before November 30, 2026. It gives owners and operators until November 30, 2026, to submit any reports that were originally due before this date. Note that the final rule specifies that annual reports due after November 30, 2026, must be submitted within 90 days of the end of each annual compliance period.

Key to remember: EPA’s final rule confirms deadline extensions for certain emissions standards that apply to crude oil and natural gas facilities. It also further delays a couple of the requirements.

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