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Effective date: November 5, 2025

This applies to: Emission units and source categories that qualify for an air permit by rule

Description of change: The Utah Department of Environmental Quality added new emission units and source categories that qualify for air permits by rule that are exempt from the requirement to obtain an Approval Order (per R307-401-8).

New emission units added include:

  • Fuel storage tanks,
  • Abrasive blasting operations,
  • Degreasing operations,
  • Municipal solid waste landfills, and
  • Emergency engines.

New source categories added include:

  • Dry cleaners, and
  • Automotive refinishing sources.

View related state info: Clean air operating permits — Utah

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Most Recent Highlights In Environmental

2025-12-02T06:00:00Z

Minnesota requires air toxics emissions reporting in 7 counties

Effective date: October 6, 2025

This applies to: Facilities with air permits in the counties of Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, Scott, and Washington

Description of change: The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency adopted new rules mandating that facilities with air permits (except for Option B registration permits) in the Minnesota counties of Anoka, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, Scott, and Washington submit annual air toxics emissions reports. The covered toxics include certain hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and other pollutants of concern. Annual emissions reports on HAPs, PFAS, and other covered pollutants are due by April 1.

View related state info: Clean air operating permits — Minnesota

2025-12-02T06:00:00Z

Maine designates currently unavoidable uses of PFAS

Effective date: October 7, 2025

This applies to: All nonexempt new and unused products sold, offered for sale, or distributed for sale in Maine that contain intentionally added PFAS

Description of change: The Maine Department of Environmental Protection established designations for currently unavoidable uses of intentionally added per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in products subject to sales prohibitions that start on January 1, 2026.

2025-12-02T06:00:00Z

Vermont updates drinking water rules

Effective date: January 1, 2026

This applies to: Public water systems

Description of change: The Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation made multiple changes to the Water Supply Rule. Some of the major amendments include:

  • Changes to the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) regulations,
  • Additions to the contaminants covered by the rule, and
  • A new method to calculate the impact of PFAS mixtures.
2025-12-02T06:00:00Z

Ohio amends composting requirements

Effective date: December 1, 2025

This applies to: Owners and operators of composting facilities

Description of changes: The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency amended the regulations that apply to composting facilities. Major changes include:

  • Registering the facility annually with the annual report (no fees associated),
  • Submitting the most recent plan view drawing with the annual report, and
  • Maintaining an operator in compliance with the new certification program requirements at the facility.
2025-12-02T06:00:00Z

Washington amends Clean Vehicles Program

Effective date: November 16, 2025

This applies to: Medium- and heavy-duty engine and vehicle manufacturers as well as heavy-duty internal combustion engine manufacturers

Description of change: The Washington State Department of Ecology amended the Clean Vehicles Program rules to incorporate changes made to the California Air Resources Board’s Advanced Clean Trucks and Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Omnibus Low NOx regulations. The changes ease compliance requirements for the heaviest vehicles.

See More

Most Recent Highlights In Transportation

2025-12-02T06:00:00Z

Indiana adopts permanent underground carbon sequestration regulations

Effective date: October 1, 2025

This applies to: Entities participating in permanent underground carbon dioxide storage projects

Description of the change: The rule establishes carbon sequestration project applicability and establishes regulations for:

  • Obtaining a carbon dioxide transmission pipeline certificate of authority,
  • Obtaining a carbon sequestration project permit,
  • Administrative and procedural processes for carbon sequestration projects and carbon dioxide transmission pipelines,
  • The ongoing responsibilities of storage operators, and
  • Records of a storage operator.
2025-12-02T06:00:00Z

Louisiana requires state forms for Title V permittees

Effective date: November 20, 2025

This applies to: Title V permit holders

Description of change: The Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality requires all Title V operating permittees to use standard department-approved forms to submit the:

  • Title V Semiannual Monitoring Report, and
  • Title V Annual Compliance Certification.

View related state info: Clean air operating permits — Louisiana

2025-12-02T06:00:00Z

California adopts emergency vehicle emissions regulations

Effective date: October 2, 2025

This applies to: Entities subject to CARB’s vehicle emissions regulations

Description of change: Congressional resolutions disapproved the waivers for the California Air Resources Board’s (CARB’s) Advanced Clean Cars II and Heavy-Duty Vehicle and Engine Omnibus Low NOx (Omnibus) regulations.

Through an emergency rulemaking, CARB adopted the Emergency Vehicle Emissions Regulations, reinstating at a minimum earlier-adopted regulations displaced by Advanced Clean Cars II and Omnibus:

  • The Low-Emission Vehicle Regulation (LEV) III regulation and associated on-board diagnostic requirements, and
  • Medium- and heavy-duty regulations.

The regulation applies until litigation is resolved.

Regulated entities may follow either:

  • The LEV IV (part of Advanced Clean Cars II) or Omnibus standards, or
  • The LEV III and pre-Omnibus standards.

View related state info: Air programs — California Air Resources Board (CARB)

2025-12-02T06:00:00Z

Ohio extends expiration of Permit to Install

Effective date: November 13, 2025

This applies to: Owners and operators of wastewater treatment systems and businesses that install sanitary sewers

Description of changes: The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency amended the Permit to Install (PTI) program rules, which regulate the design and installation of wastewater conveyance and treatment systems. Most notably, the department extended the expiration date of PTIs from 18 months to start construction to 60 months to start construction. The amendments also exempt boat wash marinas and force mains serving one structure from PTIs.

View related state info: Industrial water permitting — Ohio

2025-12-02T06:00:00Z

Florida allows reciprocity for water system operator licensing

Effective date: November 6, 2025

This rule applies to: Out-of-state licensed treatment plant operators and distribution system operators

Description of change: The Florida Department of Environmental Protection adopted rules to:

  • Implement licensure reciprocity, allowing the department to issue licenses by reciprocity to water treatment, domestic water treatment, and water distribution system operators with out-of-state licenses; and
  • Allow the department to issue temporary operator licenses during a declared state of emergency to out-of-state licensed treatment plant and distribution system operators during a declared state of emergency.
See More

Most Recent Highlights In Safety & Health

2025-12-02T06:00:00Z

Louisiana adds aerosol cans to universal waste program

Effective date: November 20, 2025

This applies to: Owners and operators of all facilities that generate, transport, treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste

Description of change: The Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality added hazardous waste aerosol cans to the universal waste program. The program streamlines hazardous waste management requirements and is identical to the federal universal waste requirements for aerosol cans.

View related state info: Universal waste — Louisiana

2025-12-02T06:00:00Z

Pennsylvania reissues NPDES General Permit for mining

Effective date: March 28, 2026

This applies to: Mining operations with stormwater discharges

Description of change: The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection reissued the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Permit for Stormwater Associated with Mining Activities (BMP GP-104). Mining operation sites must obtain an NPDES permit to discharge stormwater if the site has expected or potential stormwater runoff discharges.

The new permit made one substantial change to clarify that entities covered under this general permit must meet the 2-year, 24-hour event design standards at 25 Pa. Code Chapter 102. The BMP GP-104 takes effect on March 28, 2026, and expires on March 27, 2031.

View related state info: Industrial water permitting — Pennsylvania

Annual HFC report: First submissions due March 2026
2025-11-25T06:00:00Z

Annual HFC report: First submissions due March 2026

What do the manufacturers of hairspray cans, foam wall insulation, and ice cream machines have in common? If their products contain hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), they have to report annually on the HFCs they use, and the first report due date is quickly approaching! Through the Technology Transitions Program, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates HFCs used for new products and equipment in three sectors: aerosols, foams, and refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pumps (RACHP). Among other compliance requirements of the 2023 Technology Transitions Rule, manufacturers and importers of HFC-containing products and equipment must submit annual reports.

Note: EPA’s October 2025 proposed rule to amend the 2023 Technology Transitions Rule doesn’t impact annual reporting requirements.

Use this overview to help you determine whether your business needs to report and, if so, what’s required.

Who reports?

Annual reporting applies to manufacturers and importers of products and equipment that use HFCs. An organization has to submit an annual report if:

  • It manufactures or imports a product or component within a regulated sector or subsector (see 40 CFR 84.54), and
  • The product or component uses or will use a regulated HFC or HFC blend.

Reporting requirements apply to manufacturers and importers in all sectors and subsectors, and they start with data from calendar year 2025. The first annual report is due to EPA by March 31, 2026.

Note that the annual reporting requirements don’t apply to entities that only:

  • Sell or distribute equipment, or
  • Install or operate new RACHP systems.

What’s reported?

In each annual report, covered manufacturers and importers must provide:

  • The entity’s name and address;
  • The entity’s contact person, email address, and phone number;
  • The calendar year covered by the report and the submission date;
  • All applicable North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes; and
  • A statement certifying that the data is accurate and that the products use HFCs or HFC blends in compliance with the use restrictions and labeling requirements.

Entities in all three sectors also have to report the total mass in metric tons of each HFC or HFC blend contained in all products and components manufactured, imported, and exported annually.

Further, sector-specific standards apply.

SectorRequires additional information for:See 40 CFR:
Aerosol
Sets of products with the same HFC combination and quantity
84.60(a)(5)
Foam
  • Sets of products (excluding foam-blowing containers) with the same HFC density and identity
  • Containers or foam-blowing products with foam-blowing agents
84.60(a)(4)
RACHP
  • Sets of products or components with the same charge size and HFC combination
  • Products or components with HFC-containing closed-cell foam
84.60(a)(3)

How’s the report submitted?

According to the latest information shared by EPA in the “Technology Transitions Program: What You Need to Know for January 1, 2025” webinar presentation, the agency is still designing the electronic platform for submitting annual reports. EPA plans to provide reporting instructions and forms before the upcoming deadline.

About the 2023 Technology Transitions Rule

HFCs are greenhouse gases that were developed to replace ozone-depleting substances for use in various products and equipment (primarily refrigeration and air-conditioning systems). The American Innovation and Manufacturing Act of 2020 gives EPA the authority to address HFCs by:

  • Phasing down production and consumption through the HFC Allowance Allocation Program,
  • Implementing restrictions on HFC use in specific sectors, and
  • Developing regulations to maximize the reclamation and minimize the release of HFCs from equipment.

The 2023 Technology Transition Rule established the Technology Transitions Program to restrict HFC uses in sectors and subsectors where lower global warming potential (GWP) technologies are or will soon be available. The regulations apply to manufacturers (including importers), exporters, sellers, distributors, and installers of systems or products in covered sectors that use HFCs.

What about the proposed changes to the 2023 Technology Transitions Rule?

On October 3, 2025, EPA proposed a rule to amend the existing 2023 Technology Transition Rule. However, the proposed changes don’t affect the annual reporting requirements for manufacturers and importers. All covered manufacturers and importers must submit the annual report by March 31, 2026.

The proposed rule impacts specific subsectors, including refrigerated transport, industrial process refrigeration, chillers, retail food (for supermarkets and remote condensing units), cold storage warehouses, and stationary residential and light commercial air conditioning and heat pumps. EPA proposes to:

  • Exempt certain intermodal containers transporting cargo at very cold temperatures;
  • Extend compliance dates for industrial process refrigeration used in semiconductor manufacturing;
  • Raise global warming potential thresholds for remote condensing units, supermarket systems, and cold storage warehouses;
  • Extend compliance dates for refrigerated centrifuges and laboratory shakers; and
  • Allow existing residential and light commercial air-conditioning and heat pump equipment (i.e., manufactured or imported before January 1, 2025) to continue to be installed.

Key to remember: The first annual reports required by the Technology Transitions Program for manufacturers and importers of HFC-containing products and equipment are due by March 31, 2026.

EPA’s SDS/Tier II reporting now in lockstep with OSHA HazCom
2025-11-25T06:00:00Z

EPA’s SDS/Tier II reporting now in lockstep with OSHA HazCom

EPA issued a direct final rule to update its safety data sheet (SDS) reporting and Tier II inventory reporting requirements. The changes align EPA 40 CFR 370 with OSHA’s Hazard Communication (HazCom) standard at 29 CFR 1910.1200.

The biggest change is that facilities will be able to copy the hazard categories directly from section 2 of the SDSs to their Tier II report forms. This eliminates the guesswork. However, facilities may face added strain with their first Tier II submission under the rule. Instead of relying on the grouped hazard categories selected in the previous year’s forms, it looks like facilities will need to spend extra time retrieving specific categories from their SDSs.

Who’s impacted by the rule?

EPA 40 CFR 370 applies to a facility owner or operator if:

  • The OSHA HazCom standard requires the facility to prepare or have available an SDS or material safety data sheet (MSDS) for a hazardous chemical;
  • The hazardous chemical is not exempted at 370.13 or 1910.1200(b)(6); and
  • The hazardous chemical is present at or above certain threshold levels.

If the applicability criteria are met, the facility owner/operator must submit to the state emergency response commission (SERC), local emergency planning committee (LEPC), and local fire departments:

  • An SDS or MSDS for each covered hazardous chemical or a list of all covered hazardous chemicals; and
  • A Tier II hazardous chemical inventory form by March 1 annually for all covered hazardous chemicals.

A state may make its own laws and regulations in addition to or more stringent than federal Part 370.

What’s changing in Part 370?

Last year, OSHA amended its HazCom standard to conform to the seventh edition of the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). Changes to the chemical hazard classifications and categories were part of the amendments to 1910.1200. This is important because EPA Part 370 relies on the OSHA HazCom standard for the definition of “hazardous chemical” and the hazard categories that must be reported.

In the latest rule published November 17, 2025, EPA takes several actions to harmonize its regulations with OSHA’s. The preamble offers a complete list of amendments to Part 370. Here’s a summary:

Change:Details:Sections affected:
Adopts all 112 OSHA hazard categories
  • The hazard categories are amended to include the full list of OSHA hazard classes with their categories for health and physical hazards. (Previously, EPA used an abbreviated list of hazard classes. The change impacts both SDS reporting and Tier II reporting.)
370.3, 370.30, 370.41, and 370.42
Updates terminology
  • The definitions are moved from 370.66 to 370.3.
  • The definition for the term “hazard category” now means the classification of a chemical’s hazard(s) into classes with their categories as are reported in section 2 of SDSs in accordance with 1910.1200.
  • The terms “health hazards” and “physical hazards” are updated to align with OSHA. However, “simple asphyxiants” will remain a health hazard, “combustible dust” will remain a physical hazard, and “hazard not otherwise classified” will remain both a physical hazard and a health hazard.
  • The definition of “material safety data sheet (MSDS)” is removed.
  • Minor changes to other terms are made for plain language, clarity, and consistency purposes.
370.3 and 370.66
Removes the term MSDS
  • The terms MSDS and material safety data sheet are removed to conform to the OSHA HazCom standard.
370.3, 370.10, 370.12, 370.13, 370.14, 370.20, 370.30, 370.31, 370.32, 370.33, 370.60, 370.62, 370.63, and 370.64
Makes minor plain language, clarifying, and consistency corrections
  • Historic dates and clarifications for electronic reporting are removed.
  • Each initial letter of the term “Extremely Hazardous Substance” is capitalized.
  • Other minor corrections are made.
370.1, 370.2, 370.3, 370.10, 370.14, 370.30, 370.32, 370.33, 370.40, 370.41, 370.42, 370.43, 370.44, 370.45, 370.60, 370.61, 370.62, 370.64, 370.65, and 370.66

When will the changes take effect?

The direct final rule is effective January 16, 2026, unless EPA receives an adverse comment during its 30-day comment period. If that happens, the agency will publish a timely withdrawal. Then, it will move along with the proposed rule (also published in the November 17, 2025, Federal Register) and address public comments in a subsequent final rule.

Assuming no adverse comment is received on the original direct final rule, EPA gives covered facilities time to prepare. The rule offers a compliance date of December 1, 2026, for both SDS reporting and Tier II reporting. Note that for Tier II reporting, the updates kick in for the 2026 inventory reporting year, which impacts forms due by March 1, 2027, and thereafter. (Forms due on or before March 1, 2026, are unchanged.)

Key to remember

EPA took action to harmonize Part 370 with the changes OSHA made to 1910.1200 last year. The latest amendments to Part 370 have a compliance date of December 1, 2026. For Tier II reporting, the updates start with forms due on or before March 1, 2027.

Avoiding costly mistakes: The most common RCRA hazardous waste violations
2025-11-24T06:00:00Z

Avoiding costly mistakes: The most common RCRA hazardous waste violations

If your facility generates hazardous waste, compliance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is not optional. Yet many businesses overlook key requirements, leading to violations that can cost thousands in fines and damage their reputation. Understanding the most common mistakes and how to prevent them can keep your operations safe and compliant.

The most frequent violations according to EPA

One of the most common errors is failing to determine whether a waste is hazardous. Businesses often assume leftover chemicals, contaminated rags, or spent filters are non-hazardous without testing or applying EPA criteria. Misclassification leads to improper storage and disposal, which can escalate into multiple violations.

Container management is another frequent problem. Inspectors often find containers without the required “Hazardous Waste” label or missing the accumulation start date. Some containers are left open or improperly sealed, allowing leaks or vapors to escape. These issues are easy to fix but often overlooked in busy facilities.

Weekly inspections are mandatory for central accumulation areas, yet many companies skip them or fail to document them correctly. Missing dates, signatures, or inspection logs can result in citations even if the area is otherwise compliant.

Employee training is another weak spot. Large Quantity Generators must train staff on handling hazardous waste and emergency procedures and keep records of that training. Training should be job specific including emergency response specific to the facility. When training is incomplete or undocumented, it counts as a violation even if employees know what to do.

Improper disposal is a serious and costly mistake. Pouring hazardous waste down drains, tossing it in regular trash, or shipping it without a manifest violates federal law. These actions can lead to severe penalties and, in some cases, criminal liability.

Other common issues include exceeding accumulation time limits, 90 days for large quantity generators and 180 days for small quantity generators, without obtaining a permit. Facilities also forget to maintain a valid EPA identification number or fail to update contingency plans and emergency contact information.

How to stay compliant

Start with a thorough waste determination. Identify all materials that could be hazardous and classify them correctly and keep a record of the waste determination. Review container labeling and make sure every container is closed, dated, and marked “Hazardous Waste.” Establish a routine for weekly inspections and keep detailed records.

Invest in employee training and refresh it regularly. Document every session and keep those records accessible. Monitor accumulation times and set reminders to move waste before deadlines. Always use the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest when shipping waste off-site, and verify that your transporter and disposal facility are authorized.

Finally, maintain your EPA site ID number and update your contingency plan. Make sure emergency equipment is available, and local responders have your contact information.

Key to Remember: RCRA compliance is detailed, but most violations stem from simple oversights such as open containers, missing labels, skipped inspections, or forgotten paperwork. By building strong procedures and training your team, you can avoid costly mistakes and keep your facility safe and compliant.

See More

Most Recent Highlights In Human Resources

Expert Insights: Connecting environmental compliance and employee safety
2025-11-21T06:00:00Z

Expert Insights: Connecting environmental compliance and employee safety

Environmental compliance and workplace safety are often treated as separate priorities, but they’re deeply connected. A strong environmental compliance program doesn’t just protect the environment; it also significantly improves safety outcomes, reduces risks, and safeguards employees.

Why environmental compliance matters for safety

Environmental compliance means following laws and regulations designed to prevent pollution and protect natural resources. These rules often overlap with occupational safety standards because environmental hazards such as chemical spills, air emissions, and improper waste handling can directly harm workers.

For example:

  • Chemical spills can create slippery surfaces, leading to falls and injuries.
  • Air emissions from volatile chemicals can cause respiratory illnesses or even explosions if vapors accumulate.
  • Improper waste storage can result in fires or toxic exposure.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) focuses on preventing environmental contamination, while the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ensures safe working conditions. Ignoring environmental requirements can lead to unsafe conditions like toxic exposure, fire hazards, and respiratory risks.

How tracking spills reduced slips

A few years ago, I worked with a manufacturing facility that had recurring slip incidents near the chemical storage area. Initially, they were treated as isolated safety issues. The facility added cautionary signs, but the problem persisted.

After talking with the safety officer, I noticed a pattern. Since these near-miss spills occur inside a building, they typically aren’t reportable from an environmental compliance standpoint. These small drips during drum transfers or hose disconnections weren’t classified as “spills” by operators, so they weren’t cleaned up immediately.

The facility implemented a new process. Every chemical drip or near-miss spill had to be logged and addressed as part of both environmental and safety compliance. Absorbent mats were added near transfer stations, drip trays were installed under valves, and employees were trained to report even minor leaks and spills.

Within 3 months, slip incidents dropped significantly. By integrating spill tracking into the safety program, they not only reduced injuries but also improved their EPA audit scores. This new process of tracking near-miss spills also proved to be a good leading indicator. The facility discovered trends in equipment maintenance and had a more complete picture of the cost of releases.

The business case for integration

Integrating environmental compliance into safety programs offers several advantages:

  • Reduced risk of incidents: Compliance minimizes hazards that could harm employees and the environment.
  • Regulatory collaboration: Many safety and environmental requirements overlap, allowing for streamlined processes.
  • Enhanced reputation: Demonstrating commitment to both safety and sustainability builds trust with regulators, customers, and the community.
  • Cost savings: Preventing spills, fires, and injuries avoids costly fines, cleanup expenses, and workers’ compensation claims.

To maximize the impact of environmental compliance on safety programs, industrial facilities should consider the following:

  • Joint audits: Evaluate environmental and safety risks together to identify overlapping controls.
  • Holistic employee training: Include environmental compliance topics in safety training sessions and toolbox talks (and vice versa).
  • Integrated procedures: Develop standard operating procedures that address both environmental and safety requirements.
  • Technology: Implement monitoring systems for air quality, spill detection, and waste tracking.

Environmental compliance is a key driver of workplace safety. By integrating both programs, facilities can protect employees and the environment at the same time.

Navigating the complexities of multi-jurisdictional environmental compliance
2025-11-18T06:00:00Z

Navigating the complexities of multi-jurisdictional environmental compliance

Companies operating across multiple states, or internationally, face a growing challenge: staying compliant with a patchwork of environmental regulations. As federal agencies scale back certain environmental rules, states are stepping in to fill the gaps. But these state-level regulations aren’t always aligned. One state may impose strict air quality standards, while another may prioritize water discharge limits. This fragmented landscape creates a complex web of requirements that businesses must navigate to avoid fines, delays, or reputational harm.

The compliance puzzle: Federal, state, and global layers

In the U.S., environmental laws are enforced at both federal and state levels. While EPA sets national standards, states often go further. For example:

  • California requires Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions reporting for large companies starting in 2027.
  • New York and Vermont have enacted climate superfund laws that hold fossil fuel companies financially liable for climate-related damages.
  • Louisiana successfully challenged the EPA’s use of environmental justice criteria in permitting decisions, resulting in a federal court ruling that blocks Title VI enforcement in the state.

Internationally, U.S. companies face additional hurdles. The European Union’s Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) requires companies to identify and mitigate environmental risks across their global supply chains. This means a U.S. firm with operations or suppliers in Europe must meet stricter standards, even if those standards differ from U.S. law.

Environmental Management Systems (EMS): A strategic solution

To manage this complexity, many companies adopt Environmental Management Systems such as ISO 14001. An EMS provides a structured framework to:

  • Identify applicable regulations across jurisdictions,
  • Set environmental goals and track performance,
  • Conduct internal audits and drive continual improvement, and
  • Ensure consistent documentation and training.

EMS tools help companies centralize oversight, reduce compliance gaps, and respond quickly to regulatory changes. For example, a company using EMS software can assign location-specific tasks, monitor progress, and generate reports tailored to each jurisdiction’s requirements.

Practical strategies for multi-jurisdictional success

  • Centralize compliance oversight: Use a unified system to track permits, deadlines, and reporting across all sites.
  • Leverage EMS tools: Automate alerts, audits, and documentation to stay ahead of changes.
  • Train staff by location: Tailor training to reflect the specific rules and risks of each jurisdiction.
  • Conduct routine audits: Internal reviews help catch issues before regulators do.

Key to Remember: Multi-jurisdictional compliance isn’t just about knowing the rules—it’s about building systems that adapt to them. An Environmental Management System, paired with proactive planning and location-specific training, helps companies stay compliant, reduce risk, and operate confidently across borders.

2025-11-17T06:00:00Z

EPA Final Rule: Technical Amendments to the EPCRA Hazardous Chemical Inventory Reporting Requirements To Conform to the 2024 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard

The Environmental Protection Agency is taking direct final action to conform the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act hazardous chemical inventory reporting regulations to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Hazard Communication Standard amendments of 2012 and 2024. The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act and its regulations rely on the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Hazard Communication Standard for the definition of a hazardous chemical and for the categories of health and physical hazards that must be reported under the hazardous chemical inventory regulations. This action will conform the terminology used and information that must be reported on the hazardous chemical inventory forms to the Hazard Communication Standard amendments. As a result, this action will also improve first responder and community safety, reduce discrepancies and confusion, prevent interpretation burdens on facilities when using (Material) Safety Data Sheets to complete annual hazardous chemical inventory reports, and improve clarity.

DATES: This final rule is effective on January 16, 2026 without further notice, unless the EPA receives adverse comment by December 17, 2025. Published in the Federal Register November 17, 2025, page 51187.

View final rule.

New Text

Part 370-Hazardous chemical reporting Community right-to-know

Authority: Sections 302, 311, 312, 322, 324, 325, 327, 328, and 329 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) (Pub. L. 99–499, 100 Stat. 1613, 42 U.S.C. 11002, 11021, 11022, 11042, 11044, 11045, 11047, 11048, and 11049).

Subpart A—General Information

§370.1 What is the purpose of this part?

(a) This part (40 CFR part 370) establishes reporting requirements for providing the public with important information on the hazardous chemicals in their communities. Reporting raises community awareness of chemical hazards and aids in the development of state and local emergency response plans. The reporting requirements established under this part consist of Safety Data Sheet (SDS) reporting and inventory reporting.

(b) This part is written in a special format to make it easier to understand the regulatory requirements. Like other Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, this part establishes enforceable legal requirements. Information considered non-binding guidance under EPCRA is indicated in this regulation by the word “note” and a smaller typeface. Such notes are provided for information purposes only and are not considered legally binding under this part.

§370.2 Who do the terms you, I, and your refer to in this part?

Throughout this part the terms you, I, and your refer to the owner or operator of a facility.

§370.3 Definitions.

Chief Executive Officer of the Tribe means the person who is recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as the chief elected administrative officer of the Tribe.

Environment includes water, air, and land and the interrelationship that exists among and between water, air, and land and all living things.

EPCRA means the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986.

Extremely Hazardous Substance (EHS) means a substance listed in appendices A and B of 40 CFR part 355.

Facility means all buildings, equipment, structures, and other stationary items that are located on a single site or on contiguous or adjacent sites and that are owned or operated by the same person (or by any person that controls, is controlled by, or under common control with, such person). Facility includes manmade structures, as well as all natural structures in which chemicals are purposefully placed or removed through human means such that it functions as a containment structure for human use.

Hazard category means the classification of a chemical's hazard(s) into classes with their categories as are reported in Section 2 of SDSs in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1200. Hazard categories are divided by hazard class into health hazards and physical hazards:

(1) Health hazard means a chemical that is classified into one of the following hazard classes: acute toxicity (oral, dermal, or inhalation); aspiration hazard; carcinogenicity; germ cell mutagenicity; reproductive toxicity; respiratory sensitizer; skin sensitizer; serious eye damage/eye irritation; simple asphyxiant; skin corrosion or irritation; specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) or (repeated or prolonged exposure); and hazard not otherwise classified.

(2) Physical hazard means a chemical that is classified into one of the following hazard classes: aerosols; chemicals under pressure; combustible dust; corrosive to metal; desensitized explosive; explosives; flammable (gases, liquids, or solids); gas under pressure; in contact with water emits flammable gases; organic peroxides; oxidizing (gases, liquids, or solids); pyrophoric (liquids or solids); self-heating chemicals; self-reactive chemicals; and hazard not otherwise classified.

Hazardous chemical means any hazardous chemical as defined under 29 CFR 1910.1200(c), except that such term does not include:

(1) Any food, food additive, color additive, drug, or cosmetic regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.

(2) Any substance present as a solid in any manufactured item to the extent exposure to the substance does not occur under normal conditions of use.

(3) Any substance to the extent it is used:

(i) For personal, family, or household purposes, or is present in the same form and concentration as a product packaged for distribution and use by the general public. Present in the same form and concentration as a product packaged for distribution and use by the general public means a substance packaged in a similar manner and present in the same concentration as the substance when packaged for use by the general public, whether or not it is intended for distribution to the general public or used for the same purpose as when it is packaged for use by the general public;

(ii) In a research laboratory or a hospital or other medical facility under the direct supervision of a technically qualified individual; or

(iii) In routine agricultural operations or is a fertilizer held for sale by a retailer to the ultimate customer.

Indian Country means Indian country as defined in 18 U.S.C. 1151 as:

(1) All land within the limits of any Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the United States government, notwithstanding the issuance of any patent, and including rights-of-way running through the reservation;

(2) All dependent Indian communities within the borders of the United States whether within the original or subsequently acquired territory thereof, and whether within or without the limits of a state; and

(3) All Indian allotments, the Indian titles to which have not been extinguished, including rights-of-way running through the same.

Indian Tribe or Tribe means those Tribes federally recognized by the Secretary of the Interior.

Inventory form means the uniform Tier I and Tier II emergency and hazardous chemical inventory forms published by EPA. These forms can be used for reporting inventory information, as described in 40 CFR 370.40 through 370.45.

LEPC means the Local Emergency Planning Committee appointed by the State Emergency Response Commission.

Mixture means mixture as defined under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Hazard Communication Standard in 29 CFR 1910.1200(c).

OSHA means the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Person means any individual, trust, firm, joint stock company, corporation (including a government corporation), partnership, association, state, municipality, commission, political subdivision of a state, or interstate body.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS) means the sheet required to be developed under 29 CFR 1910.1200(g). The term SDS replaces the term “material safety data sheet” for the name of the data sheet defined in the statute [42 U.S.C. 11049(6)].

SERC means the State Emergency Response Commission for the state in which the facility is located except when the facility is located in Indian Country, in which case, SERC means the Emergency Response Commission for the Tribe under whose jurisdiction the facility is located. In the absence of a SERC for a state or an Indian Tribe, the Governor or chief executive officer of the Tribe, respectively, shall be the SERC. Where there is a cooperative agreement between a state and a Tribe, the SERC shall be the entity identified in the agreement.

State means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession over which the United States has jurisdiction, and Indian Country.

Threshold planning quantity (TPQ) means the quantity listed in the column “threshold planning quantity” for the EHSs listed in Appendix A and B of 40 CFR part 355.

Subpart B—Who Must Comply

§370.10 Who must comply with the hazardous chemical reporting requirements of this part?

(a) You must comply with the reporting requirements of this part if the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires your facility to prepare or have available a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for a hazardous chemical and if either of the following conditions is met:

Note 1 to paragraph (a) introductory text. OSHA's Material Safety Data Sheet or MSDS requirement was renamed to be the Safety Data Sheet or SDS requirement. The terms MSDS and SDS are synonymous. The EPCRA statutory MSDS requirements will be referred to as the SDS requirements within this regulation. [29 CFR 1910.1200]

(1) A hazardous chemical that is an Extremely Hazardous Substance (EHS) is present at your facility at any one time in an amount equal to or greater than 500 pounds (227 kg—approximately 55 gallons) or the Threshold Planning Quantity (TPQ), whichever is lower. EHSs and their TPQs are listed in Appendices A and B of 40 CFR part 355.

(2) A hazardous chemical that is not an EHS is present at your facility at any one time in an amount equal to or greater than the threshold level for that hazardous chemical. Threshold levels for such hazardous chemicals are:

(i) For any hazardous chemical that does not meet the criteria in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) or (iii) of this section, the threshold level is 10,000 pounds (or 4,540 kg).

(ii) For gasoline at a retail gas station (For purposes of this part, retail gas station means a retail facility engaged in selling gasoline and/or diesel fuel principally to the public for motor vehicle use on land.), the threshold level is 75,000 gallons (approximately 283,900 liters) (all grades combined). This threshold is only applicable for gasoline that was in tanks entirely underground and that were in compliance at all times during the preceding calendar year with all applicableUnderground Storage Tank (UST) requirements at 40 CFR part 280 or requirements of the state UST program approved by the Agency under 40 CFR part 281.

(iii) For diesel fuel at a retail gas station (For purposes of this part, retail gas station means a retail facility engaged in selling gasoline and/or diesel fuel principally to the public for motor vehicle use on land.), the threshold level is 100,000 gallons (approximately 378,500 liters) (all grades combined). This threshold is only applicable for diesel fuel that was in tanks entirely underground and that were in compliance at all times during the preceding calendar year with all applicable UST requirements at 40 CFR part 280 or requirements of the state UST program approved by the Agency under 40 CFR part 281.

(b) The threshold level for responding to the following requests is zero.

(1) If your LEPC requests that you submit an SDS for a hazardous chemical for which you have not submitted an SDS to your LEPC; or

(2) If your LEPC, SERC, or the fire department with jurisdiction over your facility requests that you submit Tier II information.

§370.11 [Reserved]

§370.12 What hazardous chemicals must I report under this part?

(a) You must report any hazardous chemical for which you are required to prepare or have available an SDS under OSHA HCS that is present at your facility equal to or above the applicable threshold specified in §370.10. (Specific exemptions from reporting are in §370.13.)

(b) The EPA has not issued a list of hazardous chemicals subject to reporting under this part. A substance is a hazardous chemical if it is required to have an SDS and meets the definition of hazardous chemical under the OSHA regulations found at 29 CFR 1910.1200(c).

§370.13 What substances are exempt from these reporting requirements?

You do not have to report substances for which you are not required to have an SDS under the OSHA regulations or that are excluded from the definition of hazardous chemical under EPCRA section 311(e). Each of the following substances are excluded under EPCRA section 311(e):

(a) Any food, food additive, color additive, drug, or cosmetic regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.

(b) Any substance present as a solid in any manufactured item to the extent exposure to the substance does not occur under normal conditions of use.

(c) Any substance to the extent it is used:

(1) For personal, family, or household purposes, or is present in the same form and concentration as a product packaged for distribution and use by the general public. Present in the same form and concentration as a product packaged for distribution and use by the general public means a substance packaged in a similar manner and present in the same concentration as the substance when packaged for use by the general public, whether or not it is intended for distribution to the general public or used for the same purpose as when it is packaged for use by the general public;

(2) In a research laboratory or hospital or other medical facility under the direct supervision of a technically qualified individual; or

(3) In routine agricultural operations or is a fertilizer held for sale by a retailer to the ultimate customer.

§370.14 How do I report mixtures containing hazardous chemicals?

(a) For a mixture containing a hazardous chemical, use the following table to determine if a reporting threshold is equaled or exceeded, and to determine how to report:

Table 1 to Paragraph (a)
If your mixture contains a hazardous chemicalTo determine if the threshold level for that hazardous chemical is equaled or exceeded you must . . .If the threshold level for that hazardous chemical is exceeded, then you must . . .
(1) That is an EHSDetermine the total quantity of the EHS present throughout your facility at any one time, by adding together the quantities present as a component in all mixtures and all other quantities of the EHS You must include the quantity present in a mixture even if you are also counting the quantity of that particular mixture toward the threshold level for that mixtureReport the EHS component: Submit an SDS for the EHS as provided under §370.30 or include the EHS on the list of chemicals submitted in lieu of the SDS. And submit Tier I or Tier II information for the EHS as provided under §370.40. Or Report the mixture itself: Submit an SDS for the mixture as provided under §370.30 or include the mixture on the list of chemicals submitted in lieu of the SDS. And submit Tier I or Tier II information for the mixture as provided under §370.40. If you report the mixture itself, then provide the total quantity of that mixture.
(2) That is not an EHSDetermine either: The total quantity of the hazardous chemical present throughout your facility at any one time by adding together the quantity present as a component in all mixtures and all other quantities of the hazardous chemical You must include the quantity present in a mixture even if you are also applying that particular mixture as a whole toward the threshold level for that mixtureReport the non-EHS hazardous chemical component: Submit an SDS for the non-EHS hazardous chemical as provided under §370.30 or include the non-EHS on the list of chemicals submitted in lieu of the SDS. And submit Tier I or Tier II information for the non-EHS hazardous chemical as provided under §370.40.
OrOr
The total quantity of that mixture present throughout your facility at any one timeReport the mixture itself: Submit an SDS for the mixture as provided under §370.30 or include the mixture on the list of chemicals submitted in lieu of SDS. And submit Tier I or Tier II information for the mixture as provided under §370.40. If you report the mixture itself, then provide the total quantity of that mixture.

(b) For each specific mixture, the reporting option used must be consistent for both SDS and inventory reporting, unless it is not possible to do so. This means that if you report on a specific mixture as a whole for SDS reporting, you must report on that mixture as a whole for inventory reporting too (unless it is not possible). SDS reporting and inventory reporting are discussed in detail in subpart C of this part.

(c) To determine the quantity of an EHS or a non-EHS hazardous chemical component present in a mixture, multiply the concentration of the hazardous chemical component (in weight percent) by the weight of the mixture (in pounds). You do not have to count a hazardous chemical present in a mixture if the concentration is less than or equal to 1%, or less than or equal to 0.1% for a carcinogenic chemical.

Subpart C—Reporting Requirements

§370.20 What are the reporting requirements of this part?

The reporting requirements of this part consist of SDS reporting and inventory reporting. If you are the owner or operator of a facility subject to the reporting requirements of this part, then you must comply with both types of reporting requirements. SDS reporting requirements are addressed in §§370.30 through 370.33. Inventory reporting requirements are addressed in §§370.40 through 370.45.

How To Comply With SDS Reporting

§370.30 What information must I provide and what format must I use?

(a) You must report the hazardous chemicals present at your facility that meet or exceed the applicable threshold levels (threshold levels are in §370.10) by either:

(1) Submitting an SDS for each hazardous chemical present at your facility that meet or exceed its applicable threshold level; or

(2) Submitting a list of all hazardous chemicals present at your facility at or above the applicable threshold levels. The hazardous chemicals on your list must be grouped by the specific health and physical hazards as listed in section 2 of the SDSs. The list must contain the chemical or common name of each hazardous chemical as provided on the SDS.

(b) Within 30 days of a request by the LEPC, as provided in §370.10(b), you must also submit an SDS for any hazardous chemical present at your facility for which you have not submitted an SDS.

§370.31 Do I have to update the information?

SDS reporting stated in §370.30 is a one-time requirement. However, you must update the information in all of the following ways:

(a) Submit a revised SDS after you discover significant new information concerning a hazardous chemical for which an SDS was submitted.

(b) Submit an SDS, or a list as described in §370.30(a), for any new hazardous chemical for which you become subject to these reporting requirements.

(c) Submit, as requested by the LEPC, an SDS for any hazardous chemical present at your facility which you have not already submitted, as provided in §370.30(b).

§370.32 To whom must I submit the information?

(a) You must submit an SDS or a list to the LEPC, SERC, and fire department with jurisdiction over your facility, as provided in §370.30(a).

(b) You must submit an SDS to the LEPC if requested, as provided in §370.30(b).

§370.33 When must I submit the information?

(a) You must submit an SDS or a list, as provided in §370.30(a), for a hazardous chemical subject to the reporting requirements of this part within three (3) months after you first become subject to the reporting requirements of this part, as provided in §§370.30 and 370.31(b).

(b) You must submit a revised SDS, as provided in §370.31(a), within three (3) months after discovering significant new information about a hazardous chemical for which an SDS was submitted.

(c) You must submit an SDS requested by the LEPC, as provided in §§370.30(b) and 370.31(c), within 30 days of receiving the request.

How To Comply With Inventory Reporting

§370.40 What information must I provide and what format must I use?

(a) If you are required to comply with the hazardous chemical reporting requirements of this part, then by March 1 every year you must submit inventory information regarding any hazardous chemical present at your facility at any time during the previous calendar year in an amount equal to or in excess of its threshold level. Threshold levels are provided in §370.10.

(b) Tier I information is the minimum information that you must report to be in compliance with the inventory reporting requirements of this part as described in §370.41. You may choose to report the Tier II information described in §370.42 for any hazardous chemical at your facility. You must submit Tier II information to the SERC, LEPC, or fire department with jurisdiction over your facility if they request it. EPA publishes Tier I and Tier II Inventory Forms that provide uniform formats for reporting the Tier I and Tier II information. You may use a state or local format for reporting inventory information if the state or local format contains at least the Tier I information described in §370.41. EPA's Tier I and Tier II forms are available at https://www.epa.gov/epcra.

Note 1 to paragraph (b).

Some states require Tier II information annually under state law.

(c) You should contact the SERC to determine that state's requirements for inventory reporting formats, procedures, and to obtain inventory forms.

§370.41 What is Tier I inventory information?

Tier I information provides state and local officials and the public with information on the general types and locations of hazardous chemicals present at your facility during the previous calendar year. The Tier I information is the minimum information that you must provide to be in compliance with the inventory reporting requirements of this part. If you are reporting Tier I information, you must report aggregate information on hazardous chemicals by hazard category. The hazard categories (physical and health hazards) are available on the Tier I form for you to select. The Tier I inventory form includes the following data elements:

(a) The owner or operator or the officially designated representative of the owner or operator must certify that all information included in the Tier I submission is true, accurate, and complete as follows: “I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information and that based on my inquiry of those individuals responsible for obtaining the information, I believe that the submitted information is true, accurate, and complete.” This certification shall be accompanied by your full name, official title, signature, date signed, and total number of pages in the submission including all attachments. All other pages must also contain your signature or signature stamp, the date you signed the certification, and the total number of pages in the submission.

Note 1 to paragraph (a).

Some states require electronic reporting and electronic certification. Contact your state for its specific requirements.

(b) The calendar year for the reporting period.

(c) An indication whether the information being reported on page one of the form is identical to that submitted last year.

(d) The complete name and address of the location of your facility (include the full street address or state road, city, county, state, and zip code), latitude, and longitude.

(e) An indication if the location of your facility is manned or unmanned.

(f) An estimate of the maximum number of occupants present at any one time. If the location of your facility is unmanned, check the box marked N/A, not applicable.

(g) The phone number of your facility (optional).

(h) The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code for your facility.

(i) The Dun & Bradstreet number of your facility.

(j) Facility identification numbers assigned under the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) and Risk Management Program. If your facility has not been assigned an identification number under these programs or if your facility is not subject to reporting under these programs, check the box marked N/A, not applicable.

(k) An indication whether your facility is subject to the emergency planning notification requirement under EPCRA section 302, codified in 40 CFR part 355.

(l) An indication whether your facility is subject to the chemical accident prevention requirements under Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act, codified in 40 CFR part 68, also known as the Risk Management Program.

(m) The name, mailing address, phone number, and email address of the owner or operator of the facility.

(n) The name, mailing address, phone number, Dun & Bradstreet number, and email address of the facility's parent company. These are optional data elements.

(o) The name, title, phone number, 24-hour phone number, and email address of the facility emergency coordinator, if applicable.

Note 1 to paragraph (o).

EPCRA section 303(d)(1) requires facilities subject to the emergency planning notification requirement under EPCRA section 302 to designate a facility representative who will participate in the local emergency planning process as a facility emergency coordinator. This includes additional facilities designated by the Governor or SERC under EPCRA section 302(b)(2). EPA encourages facilities not subject to the emergency planning notification requirement also to provide this information, if available, for effective emergency planning in your community.

(p) The name, title, phone number, and email address of the person to contact for the information contained in the Tier I form.

(q) The name, title, phone number, and email address of at least one local individual who can act as a referral if emergency responders need assistance in responding to a chemical accident at your facility. You must also provide an emergency phone number that will be available 24 hours a day, every day.

(r) An indication whether the information being reported on page two of the form is identical to that submitted last year.

(s) An estimate (in ranges) of the maximum amount of hazardous chemicals in each hazard category present at your facility at any time during the preceding calendar year. You must use codes that correspond to different ranges. The range codes are provided in §370.43.

(t) An estimate (in ranges) of the average daily amount of hazardous chemicals in each hazard category present at your facility during the preceding calendar year. You must use codes that correspond to different ranges. The range codes are provided in §370.43.

(u) The maximum number of days that any single hazardous chemical within each hazard category was present at your facility during the reporting period.

(v) The general location of hazardous chemicals in each hazard category within your facility. General locations should include the names or identification of buildings, tank fields, lots, sheds, or other such areas. You may also attach one or more of the following with your Tier I inventory form:

(1) A site plan with site indicated for buildings, lots, areas, etc. throughout your facility.

(2) A list of site coordinate abbreviations that correspond to buildings, lots, areas, etc., throughout your facility.

(3) A description of dikes and other safeguard measures for storage locations throughout your facility.

(w) An indication whether you are including any attachments (optional).

§370.42 What is Tier II inventory information?

Tier II information provides state and local officials and the public with specific information on the amounts and locations of hazardous chemicals present at your facility during the previous calendar year. Some states may require you to use a state reporting format including electronic reporting and certification for submitting your hazardous chemical inventory. Contact your state for its specific requirements. The Tier II inventory form includes the following data elements:

(a) The owner or operator or the officially designated representative of the owner or operator must certify that all information included in the Tier II submission is true, accurate, and complete as follows: “I certify under penalty of law that I have personally examined and am familiar with the information and that based on my inquiry of those individuals responsible for obtaining the information, I believe that the submitted information is true, accurate, and complete.” This certification must be accompanied by your full name, official title, signature, date signed, and total number of pages in the submission including all Confidential and Non-Confidential Information Sheets and all attachments. All other pages must also contain your signature or signature stamp, the date you signed the certification, and the total number of pages in the submission.

Note 1 to paragraph (a).

Some states require electronic reporting and electronic certification. Contact your state for the specific requirements in that state.

(b) The calendar year of the reporting period.

(c) An indication whether the information being reported on page one of the form is identical to that submitted last year.

(d) The complete name and address of the location of your facility (include the full street address or state road, city, county, state, and zip code), latitude, and longitude.

(e) An indication if the location of your facility is manned or unmanned.

(f) An estimate of the maximum number of occupants present at any one time. If the location of your facility is unmanned, check the box marked N/A, not applicable.

(g) The phone number of your facility (optional).

(h) The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code for your facility.

(i) The Dun & Bradstreet number of your facility.

(j) Facility identification numbers assigned under the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) and Risk Management Program. If your facility has not been assigned an identification number under these programs or if your facility is not subject to reporting under these programs, check the box marked N/A, not applicable.

(k) An indication if your facility is subject to the emergency planning notification requirement under section 302 of EPCRA, codified in 40 CFR part 355.

(l) An indication whether your facility is subject to the chemical accident prevention requirements under section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act (CAA), codified in 40 CFR part 68, Chemical Accident Prevention Provisions, also known as the Risk Management Program.

(m) The name, mailing address, phone number, and email address of the owner or operator of the facility.

(n) The name, mailing address, phone number, Dun & Bradstreet number, and email address of the facility's parent company. These are optional data elements.

(o) The name, title, phone number, 24-hour phone number, and email address of the facility emergency coordinator, if applicable.

Note 1 to paragraph (o).

EPCRA section 303(d)(1) requires facilities subject to the emergency planning notification requirement (including additional facilities designated by the Governor or SERC under EPCRA section 302(b)(2)) to designate a facility representative who will participate in the local emergency planning process as a facility emergency coordinator. This includes additional facilities designated by the Governor or SERC under EPCRA section 302(b)(2). EPA encourages facilities not subject to the emergency planning notification requirement also to provide this information, if available, for effective emergency planning in your community.

(p) The name, title, phone number, and email address of the person to contact regarding information contained in the Tier II form.

(q) The name, title, phone number and email address of at least one local individual who can act as a referral if emergency responders need assistance in responding to a chemical accident at your facility. You must also provide an emergency phone number that will be available 24 hours a day, every day.

(r) An indication whether the information being reported on page two of the form is identical to that submitted last year.

(s) For each hazardous chemical that you are required to report, you must:

(1) Provide the chemical name (or the common name of the chemical) as provided on the SDS and provide the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry number of the chemical provided on the SDS.

Note 1 to paragraph (s)(1).

If you are withholding the name in accordance with trade secret criteria, you must provide the generic class or category that is structurally descriptive of the chemical and indicate that the name is withheld because of trade secrecy. Trade secret criteria are addressed in §370.64(a).

(2) Indicate whether the chemical is a solid, liquid, or gas; and whether the chemical is an EHS.

(3) If you are reporting a mixture, enter the mixture name, product name or trade name, and CAS registry number as provided on the SDS. If there is no CAS number provided or it is not known, check the box “Not Available.”

(4) If the mixture you are reporting contains EHS(s), provide the name of each EHS in the mixture. As provided in §370.14(a), you also have an option to report the non-EHS hazardous components in the mixture.

(5) Indicate which hazard categories apply to the chemical or mixture. The hazard categories are available for you to select on the Tier II form and found in section 2 of the SDSs.

(6) Provide an estimate (in ranges) of the maximum amount of the hazardous chemical present at your facility on any single day during the preceding calendar year. If you are reporting a mixture, provide an estimate of the total amount of the mixture present at your facility on any single day during the preceding calendar year. If the mixture contains any EHSs, provide the total amount of each EHS in that mixture. You must use the codes that correspond to different ranges. The amounts and associated range codes are in §370.43.

(7) Provide an estimate (in ranges) of the average daily amount of the hazardous chemical present at your facility during the preceding calendar year. If you are reporting a mixture, provide an estimate of the average daily amount of the mixture. You must use the codes that correspond to different ranges. The amounts and associated range codes are in §370.43.

(8) Provide the maximum number of days that the hazardous chemical or mixture was present at your facility during the preceding calendar year.

(9) Provide the type of storage for the hazardous chemical or the mixture containing the hazardous chemical at your facility. Examples of types of storage: above-ground tank, plastic or non-metallic drum, steel drum, cylinder, rail car, etc.

Note 1 to paragraph (s)(9).

Your SERC or LEPC may have specific instructions for reporting types of storage and/or storage conditions.

(10) Provide the storage conditions for the hazardous chemical or mixture containing the hazardous chemical at your facility. Examples for types of storage conditions: Ambient pressure, ambient temperature, less than ambient temperature/pressure, cryogenic conditions, etc.

Note 2 to paragraph (s)(10).

Your SERC or LEPC may have specific instructions for reporting types of storage and/or storage conditions.

(11) Provide a brief description of the precise location(s) of the hazardous chemical(s) or mixture(s) at your facility. You may also attach one of the following with your Tier II inventory form:

(i) A site plan with site coordinates indicated for buildings, lots, areas, etc. throughout your facility.

(ii) A list of site coordinate abbreviations that correspond to buildings, lots, areas, etc., throughout your facility.

(iii) A description of dikes and other safeguard measures for storage locations throughout your facility.

(12) Under EPCRA section 324, you may choose to withhold from disclosure to the public the location information for a specific chemical. If you choose to withhold the location information from disclosure to the public, you must clearly indicate that the information is “confidential.” You must provide the confidential location information on a separate sheet from the other Tier II information (which will be disclosed to the public) and attach the Confidential Location Information Sheet to the other Tier II information. Indicate any attachments you are including.

(13) You may provide additional reporting. For example, if your state or local agencies require you to provide inventory information on additional chemicals or if you wish to report any hazardous chemical below the reporting thresholds specified in §370.10, check the appropriate box.

(t) An indication whether you are including any attachments (optional).

§370.43 What codes are used to report Tier I and Tier II inventory information?

(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, you must use the following codes to report the maximum amount and average daily amount when reporting Tier I or Tier II inventory information:

Table 1 to Paragraph ( )
Range codesWeight range in pounds
FromTo
* Greater than 10 million
01099
02100499
03500999
041,0004,999
055,0009,999
0610,00024,999
0725,00049,999
0850,00074,999
0975,00099,999
10100,000499,999
11500,000999,999
121,000,0009,999,999
1310,000,000(*)

Note 1 to paragraph (a).

To convert gas or liquid volume to weight in pounds, multiply by an appropriate density factor.

(b) Your SERC or LEPC may provide other range codes for reporting maximum amount and average daily amount or may require reporting of specific amounts. You may use your SERC's or LEPC's range codes (or specific amounts) provided the ranges are not broader than the ranges in paragraph (a) of this section.

§370.44 To whom must I submit the inventory information?

You must submit the required inventory information to your SERC, LEPC, and the fire department with jurisdiction over your facility.

§370.45 When must I submit the inventory information?

(a) You must submit the required inventory information on or before March 1st of each year after your facility becomes subject to this part. Your submission must contain the required inventory information on hazardous chemicals present at your facility during the preceding calendar year at or above the threshold levels. Threshold levels are in §370.10. The minimum required inventory information under EPCRA section 312 is Tier I information. Tier I information requirements are described in §370.41.

(b) You must submit Tier II information within 30 days of the receipt of a request from the SERC, LEPC, or fire department with jurisdiction over your facility, as provided in §370.10(b). Tier II information requirements are described in §370.42.

Subpart D—Community Access to Information

§370.60 How does a person obtain SDS information about a specific facility?

Any person may obtain an SDS for a specific facility by writing to the LEPC and asking for it.

(a) If the LEPC has the SDS it must provide it to the person making the request.

(b) If the LEPC does not have the SDS it must request it from the facility's owner or operator.

§370.61 How does a person obtain inventory information about a specific facility?

(a) Any person may request Tier II information for a specific facility by writing to the SERC or LEPC.

(1) If the SERC or LEPC has the Tier II information, the SERC or LEPC must provide it to the person making the request.

(2) If the SERC or LEPC does not have the Tier II information, it must request it from the facility owner or operator in either of the following cases:

(i) The person making the request is a state or local official acting in an official capacity.

(ii) The request is for hazardous chemicals in amounts greater than 10,000 pounds stored at the facility at any time during the previous calendar year.

(3) If the SERC or LEPC does not have the Tier II information, it may request it from the facility owner or operator when neither condition in paragraph (a)(2) of this section is met but the person's request includes a general statement of need.

(b) A SERC or LEPC must respond to a request for Tier II information under this section within 45 days of receiving such a request.

§370.62 What information may a state or local official request from a facility?

The LEPC may ask a facility owner or operator to submit an SDS for a hazardous chemical present at the facility. The SERC, LEPC, or fire department with jurisdiction over a facility may ask a facility owner or operator to submit Tier II information. The owner or operator must provide the SDS (unless the owner or operator has already submitted an SDS to the LEPC for that hazardous chemical) or Tier II information within 30 days of receipt of such request.

§370.63 What responsibilities do the SERC and LEPC have to make request information available?

Under this subpart, the SERC or LEPC must make the following information (except for confidential location information discussed in §370.64(b)) available if a person requests it:

(a) All information obtained from an owner or operator in response to a request under this subpart.

(b) Any requested Tier II information or SDS otherwise in possession of the SERC or the LEPC.

§370.64 What information can I claim as trade secret or confidential?

(a) Trade secrets. You may be able to withhold the name of a specific chemical when submitting SDS reporting or inventory reporting information if that chemical name is claimed as a trade secret. The requirements for withholding trade secret information are set forth in EPCRA section 322 and implemented in 40 CFR part 350. If you are withholding the name of a specific chemical as a trade secret in accordance with trade secrecy requirements, you must report the generic class or category that is structurally descriptive of the chemical along with all other required information. You must also submit the withheld information to EPA and must adequately substantiate your claim. A Form for substantiating trade secret claims is available at the Agency website at https://www.epa.gov/epcra.

(b) Confidential location information. You may request that the SERC and LEPC not disclose to the public the location of any specific chemical required to be submitted in Tier II information. If you make such a request, the SERC and LEPC must not disclose the location of the specific chemical. Although you may request that location information (with respect to a specific chemical) be withheld from the public, you may not withhold this information from the SERC, LEPC, and the local fire department. If you use the Tier II Form to report your inventory information, you can choose to report the confidential location information for the specific chemical on the Tier II Confidential Location Form and attach this form to the other Tier II information you are reporting. The Tier II Confidential Location Form is available on the Agency website at https://www.epa.gov/epcra.

§370.65 Must I allow the local fire department to inspect my facility, and must I provide specific location information about hazardous chemicals at my facility?

If you are the owner or operator of a facility that has submitted inventory information under this part, you must comply with the following two requirements upon request by the fire department with jurisdiction over your facility:

(a) You must allow the fire department to conduct an on-site inspection of your facility; and

(b) You must provide the fire department with information about the specific locations of hazardous chemicals at your facility.

§370.66 [Reserved]

Our chemical poses a substantial risk. What do we do?
2025-11-12T06:00:00Z

Our chemical poses a substantial risk. What do we do?

Working with chemicals can be a risky business. What happens when information reveals that a chemical poses a substantial risk to human or environmental health? Those handling the chemical, including the organization and its employees, have a legal duty to report the risk to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Section 8(e) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requires that anyone who receives information supporting the conclusion that a chemical substance or mixture poses a substantial risk of injury must immediately submit a Substantial Risk Notice (SRN) to EPA. SRNs aren’t uncommon; they can apply to any business that handles chemical substances. EPA announced in October 2025 that it had cleared a backlog of more than 3,000 SRNs!

If your facility handles any chemical substance, you’re subject to TSCA Section 8(e) reporting. Here’s how your facility can meet the SRN requirements based on EPA’s Statement of Interpretation and Enforcement Policy; Notification of Substantial Risk (SRN guide) published in the Federal Register.

Who must report?

TSCA Section 8(e) requirements apply to both organizations and individual employees engaged in manufacturing (including importing), processing, or distributing in commerce a chemical substance or mixture.

Tip: The statute offers no applicability exemptions for a facility’s size, production or import volumes, or commercial activities.

Those in the company who manage Section 8(e) obligations (“officers”) should ensure that the organization meets the requirements. Officers have personal civil and/or criminal liability to verify that SRNs are submitted.

Facilities may assume responsibility from employees and officials for reporting substantial risk information directly to EPA if they establish and implement internal procedures for employees to submit information to the company. The procedures should include:

  • What information must be submitted;
  • How submissions are prepared and who in the company receives them;
  • The federal penalties for failing to report; and
  • How officers and employees receive prompt written notification of whether the report was submitted to EPA (if information isn’t reported, the written notification has to mention the right of officers and employees to report the information directly to EPA).

If a business doesn’t have established SRN procedures, all of its employees and officials are individually responsible and liable for ensuring that substantial risk information is submitted directly to EPA.

Regardless of who submits the SRN to the agency, the report should be made within 30 calendar days of obtaining information about a substantial risk of injury.

What qualifies as a substantial risk?

The SRN guide defines substantial risk as “a risk of considerable concern” due to:

  • The seriousness of the effect on human or environmental health (health effect), and
  • The fact or probability that it will occur (level of exposure).

The type of health effect determines the weight of importance assigned to both factors. For instance, if the chemical’s health effect is severe (like causing birth defects), less weight is given to the level of exposure.

The types of health effects include:

  • Human health effects (such as serious or prolonged incapacitation);
  • Environmental effects from nonemergency environmental contamination (like widespread accumulation of a chemical substance in the air or water); and
  • Emergency environmental contamination that seriously threatens:
    • Humans with cancer, birth defects, mutation, incapacitation, or death; or
    • Nonhuman organisms (e.g., fish, algae, etc.) with significant population destruction.

How are SRNs submitted?

You should submit SRNs electronically through the Chemical Information Submission System (CISS), which is accessed via the Chemical Safety and Pesticide Programs (CSPP) service on EPA’s Central Data Exchange (CDX).

Tip: Reference EPA’s CDX Chemical Safety and Pesticide Programs (CSPP) Registration User Guide for detailed registration instructions.

If your SRN includes confidential business information claims, you’re required to submit the notice electronically.

Key to remember: If your facility obtains information that a chemical you handle poses a substantial risk to human or environmental health, you must report the information to EPA immediately.

EHS Monthly Round Up - October 2025

EHS Monthly Round Up - October 2025

In this October 2025 roundup video, we'll review the most impactful environmental health and safety news.

Hi everyone! Welcome to the monthly news roundup video, where we’ll review the most impactful environmental health and safety news. Let’s take a look at what happened in the last month!

On October 7th, David Keeling was confirmed by the Senate as OSHA’s new Assistant Secretary of Labor. During his confirmation hearing, Keeling stated that “nothing is more beneficial than collaboration between employers and employees” and shared his three main goals for the agency. These are modernization in regulatory oversight and rulemaking, expanding OSHA’s cooperation and collaboration efforts, and transforming OSHA’s enforcement.

In a landmark opinion, an appeals court offers a framework to revive federal rulemakings, such as OSHA’s Ergonomics Program rule. The rule was previously struck down by the Congressional Review Act in 2001. The latest court decision loosens the grip that the Act has had for almost 25 years. This makes it feasible for agencies like OSHA, EPA, and others to give long-gone rules a second chance. It gives OSHA a path to publish a narrow or different ergonomics rule in the future.

OSHA quietly archived a memo from 2024 that had suggested its enforcement offices may refrain from grouping violations where those offenses are separate and distinct. In some cases, ungrouping raises the total penalty for an inspection. An OSHA spokesperson said the memo was determined to be unnecessary since agency policy in its Field Operations Manual provides clear guidance to OSHA field staff on when citation item grouping may be considered.

The NFPA’s Fire Prevention Week kicked off October 5th with a theme of lithium-ion battery safety in the home. Reports of fires and explosions involving lithium-ion batteries have been on the rise. NFPA provides information and guidance on how to safely use, handle, and recycle them.

And finally, turning to environmental news, the California Air Resources Board submitted comments opposing EPA’s proposal to overturn its 2009 Endangerment Finding. The Endangerment Finding has guided federal actions to address greenhouse gas pollution. CARB’s comments note that EPA’s proposal ignores more than 15 years of its own research and regulations and emphasizes that the agency is obligated to address greenhouse gas emissions and adopt strong standards to reduce them. EPA received over 15 thousand comments on its proposal.

Thanks for tuning in to the monthly news roundup. We’ll see you next month!

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