Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus, that are transmitted through blood and certain other body fluids. Exposure to these materials represents a significant health hazard in the workplace. This hazard can be minimized or eliminated, however, using a combination of engineering and workplace practice controls, personal protective equipment, housekeeping measures, vaccination, post-exposure evaluation and follow-up, training, and other measures.