• Key definitions for concrete/masonry construction are found in this section.

Bull float: A tool used to spread out and smooth concrete.

Formwork: The total system of support for freshly placed or partially cured concrete, including the mold or sheeting (form) that is in contact with the concrete as well as all supporting members including shores, reshores, hardware, braces, and related hardware.

Jacking operation: The task of lifting a slab (or group of slabs) vertically from one location to another (e.g., from the casting location to a temporary (parked) location, or from a temporary location to another temporary location, or to its final location in the structure), during the construction of a building/structure where the lift-slab process is being used.

Lift slab: A method of concrete construction in which floor and roof slabs are cast on or at ground level and, using jacks, lifted into position.

Limited access zone: An area alongside a masonry wall that is under construction, and that is clearly demarcated to limit access by employees.

Precast concrete: Concrete members (such as walls, panels, slabs, columns, and beams) that have been formed, cast, and cured prior to final placement in a structure.

Reshoring: The construction operation in which shoring equipment (also called reshores or reshoring equipment) is placed as the original forms and shores are removed, in order to support partially cured concrete and construction loads.

Shore: A supporting member that resists a compressive force imposed by a load.

Vertical slip forms: Forms that are jacked vertically during the placement of concrete.