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InstituteHot WorkWelding and CuttingIn Depth (Level 3)EnglishAnalysisFocus AreaWelding and CuttingUSA

Training

['Welding and Cutting']
Training
  • Employees who will perform or support hot work must be trained in the specific hazards, procedures, and equipment involved.
  • Fire watchers should receive in-depth training in recognizing and minimizing fire hazards as well as using firefighting equipment.

Several of the Occupational Safety & Health Administration’s (OSHA) welding and cutting standards require employers to train workers and specify who needs training, the frequency of training, and recordkeeping requirements. Extended classroom and hands-on training for welders and welding helpers (such as fire watchers) may be needed to meet requirements.

The table summarizes the OSHA regulations for general industry hot work training:

SubjectRegulationWho to trainWhenRecords to keep
Welding, cutting, and brazing1910.252Cutters, welders, and their supervisors in safe equipment operationInitially, and judged competent prior to assignmentNo specific training documentation is required
Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting1910.253Employees in charge of the oxygen or fuel-gas supply equipmentInitially, and judged competent prior to assignmentNo specific training documentation is required
Arc welding and cutting1910.254Employees who will operate arc welding equipmentInitially, or prior to assignmentNo specific training documentation is required
Resistance welding1910.255Employees who will operate resistance welding equipmentInitially, or prior to assignmentNo specific training documentation is required

General content

Welding training be provided in a language that trainees understand. If a trainee’s vocabulary is limited, employers should account for that. Translators may be needed.

Trainees should be made familiar with the company welding safety program. Anyone working welding or working around welding and other hot work should know:

  • The name and job title of the person responsible for safety in hot work operations;
  • The company’s process for hot work permitting;
  • The hazards associated with hot work: hazards from fumes and gases, radiation hazards, fire hazards, noise hazards, and electrical hazards;
  • Any special procedures for the equipment being used, such as: care of compressed gas cylinders, the use of ventilation, and fire prevention methods;
  • Required engineering controls, such as flash screens and fire blankets; and
  • The personal protective equipment (PPE) required for the work being done.

An effective welding training program may also address:

  • The types of welding used at the worksite;
  • Safe operation and maintenance of welding/cutting/brazing equipment;
  • Housekeeping measures;
  • Inspection procedures, including for: hoses, torches, pipelines continuously employed as a ground return circuit, resistance of a ground circuit (other than by means of the structure), and ground connections;
  • Testing methods for: hoses that are subject to flashback or show evidence of severe wear or damage, and determining the flammability of preservative coatings on surfaces;
  • Determining when a fire watcher is required; and
  • Safe work practices for welding within confined spaces.

Training for fire watchers

Fire watchers provide additional safeguards against fire during and after welding, cutting, or heating operations. Their responsibilities are addressed by OSHA in 1910.252 and by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in Z49.1-1967.

Training for fire watchers must include:

  • Assessing whether a fire watcher is necessary,
  • The specific fire hazards for that job and location,
  • Checking for these hazards prior to welding or cutting,
  • Covering fire hazards that can’t be moved,
  • The location and operation of fire prevention and extinguishing equipment,
  • The location of fire alarms, and
  • Reporting fires.

Training for arc welders and cutters

OSHA requires companies to instruct employees in the safe means of arc welding and cutting. In addition to general content about hot work and the company welding safety program, employees should learn about:

  • Hazards associated with arc welding, such as: radiation, fumes and gases, spatter and sparks, fire, electric shock, and noise;
  • Equipment and PPE used specifically for arc welding at the site;
  • Recognizing and reporting defective equipment; and
  • Best practices for safeguarding unattended arc welders.
:
welding-and-cutting
welding-and-cutting
FOUNDATIONAL LEARNING
Training
  • Employees who will perform or support hot work must be trained in the specific hazards, procedures, and equipment involved.
  • Fire watchers should receive in-depth training in recognizing and minimizing fire hazards as well as using firefighting equipment.

Several of the Occupational Safety & Health Administration’s (OSHA) welding and cutting standards require employers to train workers and specify who needs training, the frequency of training, and recordkeeping requirements. Extended classroom and hands-on training for welders and welding helpers (such as fire watchers) may be needed to meet requirements.

The table summarizes the OSHA regulations for general industry hot work training:

SubjectRegulationWho to trainWhenRecords to keep
Welding, cutting, and brazing1910.252Cutters, welders, and their supervisors in safe equipment operationInitially, and judged competent prior to assignmentNo specific training documentation is required
Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting1910.253Employees in charge of the oxygen or fuel-gas supply equipmentInitially, and judged competent prior to assignmentNo specific training documentation is required
Arc welding and cutting1910.254Employees who will operate arc welding equipmentInitially, or prior to assignmentNo specific training documentation is required
Resistance welding1910.255Employees who will operate resistance welding equipmentInitially, or prior to assignmentNo specific training documentation is required

General content

Welding training be provided in a language that trainees understand. If a trainee’s vocabulary is limited, employers should account for that. Translators may be needed.

Trainees should be made familiar with the company welding safety program. Anyone working welding or working around welding and other hot work should know:

  • The name and job title of the person responsible for safety in hot work operations;
  • The company’s process for hot work permitting;
  • The hazards associated with hot work: hazards from fumes and gases, radiation hazards, fire hazards, noise hazards, and electrical hazards;
  • Any special procedures for the equipment being used, such as: care of compressed gas cylinders, the use of ventilation, and fire prevention methods;
  • Required engineering controls, such as flash screens and fire blankets; and
  • The personal protective equipment (PPE) required for the work being done.

An effective welding training program may also address:

  • The types of welding used at the worksite;
  • Safe operation and maintenance of welding/cutting/brazing equipment;
  • Housekeeping measures;
  • Inspection procedures, including for: hoses, torches, pipelines continuously employed as a ground return circuit, resistance of a ground circuit (other than by means of the structure), and ground connections;
  • Testing methods for: hoses that are subject to flashback or show evidence of severe wear or damage, and determining the flammability of preservative coatings on surfaces;
  • Determining when a fire watcher is required; and
  • Safe work practices for welding within confined spaces.

Training for fire watchers

Fire watchers provide additional safeguards against fire during and after welding, cutting, or heating operations. Their responsibilities are addressed by OSHA in 1910.252 and by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in Z49.1-1967.

Training for fire watchers must include:

  • Assessing whether a fire watcher is necessary,
  • The specific fire hazards for that job and location,
  • Checking for these hazards prior to welding or cutting,
  • Covering fire hazards that can’t be moved,
  • The location and operation of fire prevention and extinguishing equipment,
  • The location of fire alarms, and
  • Reporting fires.

Training for arc welders and cutters

OSHA requires companies to instruct employees in the safe means of arc welding and cutting. In addition to general content about hot work and the company welding safety program, employees should learn about:

  • Hazards associated with arc welding, such as: radiation, fumes and gases, spatter and sparks, fire, electric shock, and noise;
  • Equipment and PPE used specifically for arc welding at the site;
  • Recognizing and reporting defective equipment; and
  • Best practices for safeguarding unattended arc welders.
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