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§600.001 General applicability.
(a) The provisions of this part apply to 2008 and later model year automobiles that are not medium duty passenger vehicles (MDPV FE), and to 2011 and later model year automobiles including MDPV FE . The test procedures in subpart B of this part also apply to 2014 and later heavy-duty vehicles subject to standards under 40 CFR part 86, subpart S.
(b) The provisions of subparts A, D, and F of this part are optional through the 2011 model year in the following cases:
(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt from the requirements of this subpart, except with regard to the requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric vehicles.
(2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart.
(c) Unless stated otherwise, references to fuel economy or fuel economy data in this part shall also be interpreted to mean the related exhaust emissions of CO2, HC, and CO, and where applicable for alternative fuel vehicles, CH3OH, C2H5OH, C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC and CH4. References to average fuel economy shall be interpreted to also mean average carbon-related exhaust emissions and average CO2 emissions. References to fuel economy data vehicles shall also be meant to refer to vehicles tested for carbon-related exhaust emissions for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with fleet average CO2 standards in §86.1818 of this chapter.
(d) The model year of initial applicability for sections in this part is indicated by the section number. The two digits following the hyphen designate the first model year for which a section is applicable. An individual section continues to apply for later model years until it is replaced by a different section that applies starting in a later model year. Sections that have no two-digit suffix apply for all 2008 and later model year vehicles, except as noted in those sections. If a section has a two-digit suffix but the regulation references that section without including the two-digit suffix, this refers to the section applicable for the appropriate model year. This also applies for references to part 86 of this chapter. As an example, §600.113-08 applies to the 2008 and subsequent model years until §600.113-12 is applicable beginning with the 2012 model year. Section 600.111-08 would then apply only for 2008 through 2011 model year vehicles.
(e) The term “you” in this part refers to manufacturers subject to the requirements of this part.
(f) Unless we specify otherwise, send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated Compliance Officer (see §600.002).
[76 FR 39524, July 6, 2011, as amended at 79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014; 81 FR 74000, Oct. 25, 2016; 88 FR 4480, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28200, Apr. 18, 2024]
§600.002 Definitions.
The following definitions apply throughout this part:
3-bag FTP means the Federal Test Procedure specified in part 86 of this chapter, with three sampling portions consisting of the cold-start transient (“Bag 1”), stabilized (“Bag 2”), and hot-start transient phases (“Bag 3”).
4-bag FTP means the 3-bag FTP, with the addition of a sampling portion for the hot-start stabilized phase (“Bag 4”).
5-cycle means the FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and cold temperature FTP tests as described in subparts B and C of this part.
Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or his authorized representative.
Alcohol means a mixture containing 85 percent or more by volume methanol, denatured ethanol, or other alcohols, in any combination.
Alcohol-fueled automobile means an automobile designed to operate on alcohol, but not on gasoline.
Alcohol dual fuel automobile means an automobile:
(1) Which is designed to operate on alcohol and on gasoline or diesel fuel; and
(2) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated in accordance with §600.510-08(g)(1) or §600.510-12(g)(1) while operating on alcohol as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and
(3) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds the minimum driving range established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR part 538.
Alternative fuel means any of the following:
(1) Methanol.
(2) Denatured ethanol.
(3) Other alcohols.
(4) A mixture containing at least 85 percent (or an alternative percentage as specified by the Secretary of Transportation under 49 U.S.C. 32901(b)) of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols by volume with gasoline or other fuels.
(5) Natural gas.
(6) Liquefied petroleum gas.
(7) Hydrogen.
(8) Coal derived liquid fuels.
(9) Fuels (except alcohol) derived from biological materials.
(10) Electricity (including electricity from solar energy).
(11) Any other fuel the Secretary of Transportation prescribes by regulation under 49 U.S.C. 32901(a)(1)(K).
Automobile has the meaning given by the Department of Transportation at 49 CFR 523.3. This includes “passenger automobiles” and “non-passenger automobiles” (or “light trucks”).
Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means an element of design as defined in §86.1803 of this chapter.
Average fuel economy means the unique fuel economy value as computed under §600.510 for a specific class of automobiles produced by a manufacturer that is subject to average fuel economy standards.
Axle ratio means the number of times the input shaft to the differential (or equivalent) turns for each turn of the drive wheels.
Base level means a unique combination of basic engine, inertia weight class and transmission class.
Base tire means the tire size specified as standard equipment by the manufacturer on each unique combination of a vehicle's footprint and model type. Standard equipment is defined in 40 CFR 86.1803-01.
Base vehicle means the lowest priced version of each body style that makes up a car line.
Basic engine means a unique combination of manufacturer, engine displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system (e.g., type of fuel injection), catalyst usage, and other engine and emission control system characteristics specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, basic engine means a unique combination of manufacturer and electric traction motor, motor controller, battery configuration, electrical charging system, energy storage device, and other components as specified by the Administrator.
Battery configuration means the electrochemical type, voltage, capacity (in Watt-hours at the c/3 rate), and physical characteristics of the battery used as the tractive energy device.
Body style means a level of commonality in vehicle construction as defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g., sedan, convertible, fastback, hatchback) and number of seats (i.e., front, second, or third seat) requiring seat belts pursuant to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration safety regulations in 49 CFR part 571. Station wagons and light trucks are identified as car lines.
Calibration means the set of specifications, including tolerances, unique to a particular design, version of application of a component, or component assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its working range.
Carbon-related exhaust emissions (CREE) means the summation of the carbon-containing constituents of the exhaust emissions, with each constituent adjusted by a coefficient representing the carbon weight fraction of each constituent relative to the CO2 carbon weight fraction, as specified in §600.113. For example, carbon-related exhaust emissions (weighted 55 percent city and 45 percent highway) are used to demonstrate compliance with fleet average CO2 emission standards outlined in §86.1818 of this chapter.
Car line means a name denoting a group of vehicles within a make or car division which has a degree of commonality in construction (e.g., body, chassis). Car line does not consider any level of decor or opulence and is not generally distinguished by characteristics as roof line, number of doors, seats, or windows, except for station wagons or light-duty trucks. Station wagons and light-duty trucks are considered to be different car lines than passenger cars.
Certification vehicle means a vehicle which is selected under §86.1828 of this chapter and used to determine compliance under §86.1848 of this chapter for issuance of an original certificate of conformity.
City fuel economy means the city fuel economy determined by operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the Federal emission test procedure, or determined according to the vehicle-specific 5-cycle or derived 5-cycle procedures.
Cold temperature FTP means the test performed under the provisions of subpart C of part 86 of this chapter.
Combined fuel economy means:
(1) The fuel economy value determined for a vehicle (or vehicles) by harmonically averaging the city and highway fuel economy values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45, respectively.
(2) For electric vehicles, for the purpose of calculating average fuel economy pursuant to the provisions of part 600, subpart F, the term means the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value as determined by the calculation procedure promulgated by the Secretary of Energy. For the purpose of labeling pursuant to the provisions of part 600, subpart D, the term means the fuel economy value as determined by the procedures specified in §600.116-12.
Dealer means a person who resides or is located in the United States, any territory of the United States, or the District of Columbia and who is engaged in the sale or distribution of new automobiles to the ultimate purchaser.
Derived 5-cycle fuel economy means the 5-cycle fuel economy derived from the FTP-based city and HFET-based highway fuel economy by means of the equation provided in §600.210.
Derived 5-cycle CO2 means the 5-cycle CO2 derived from the FTP-based city and HFET-based highway fuel economy by means of the equation provided in §600.210.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Director, Light-Duty Vehicle Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; complianceinfo@epa.gov; www.epa.gov/ve-certification .
Diesel gallon equivalent means an amount of electricity or fuel with the energy equivalence of one gallon of diesel fuel. For purposes of this part, one gallon of diesel fuel is equivalent to 36.7 kilowatt-hours of electricity.
Drive system is determined by the number and location of drive axles (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, four wheel drive) and any other feature of the drive system if the Administrator determines that such other features may result in a fuel economy difference.
Dual fueled automobile means an automobile:
(1) Which is designed to operate on an alternative fuel and on gasoline or diesel fuel; and
(2) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated in accordance with §600.510-08(g)(1) or §600.510-12(g)(1) while operating on the alternative fuel as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and
(3) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds the minimum driving range established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR part 538.
Electrical charging system means a device to convert 60 Hz alternating electric current, as commonly available in residential electric service in the United States, to a proper form for recharging the energy storage device.
Electric traction motor means an electrically powered motor which provides tractive energy to the wheels of a vehicle.
Electric vehicle has the meaning given in §86.1803 of this chapter.
Emergency vehicle means a motor vehicle manufactured primarily for use as an ambulance or combination ambulance-hearse or for use by the United States Government or a State or local government for law enforcement.
Energy storage device means a rechargeable means of storing tractive energy on board a vehicle such as storage batteries or a flywheel.
Engine code means one of the following:
(1) For LDV, LDT, and MDPV FE , engine code means a unique combination, within a test group (as defined in §86.1803 of this chapter), of displacement, fuel injection (or carburetion or other fuel delivery system), calibration, distributor calibration, choke calibration, auxiliary emission control devices, and other engine and emission control system components specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, engine code means a unique combination of manufacturer, electric traction motor, motor configuration, motor controller, and energy storage device.
(2) For HDV, engine code has the meaning given in §86.1819-14(d)(12) of this chapter.
Federal emission test procedure (FTP) refers to the dynamometer driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and analytical procedures described in part 86 of this chapter for the respective model year, which are used to derive city fuel economy data.
Footprint has the meaning given in §86.1803 of this chapter.
FTP-based city fuel economy means the fuel economy determined in §600.113 of this part, on the basis of FTP testing.
Fuel means:
(1) Gasoline and diesel fuel for gasoline- or diesel-powered automobiles; or
(2) Electrical energy for electrically powered automobiles; or
(3) Alcohol for alcohol-powered automobiles; or
(4) Natural gas for natural gas-powered automobiles; or
(5) Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), commonly referred to as “propane,” for LPG-powered automobiles; or
(6) Hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell automobiles and for automobiles equipped with hydrogen internal combustion engines.
Fuel cell has the meaning given in §86.1803 of this chapter.
Fuel cell vehicle has the meaning given in §86.1803 of this chapter.
Fuel economy means:
(1) The average number of miles traveled by an automobile or group of automobiles per volume of fuel consumed as calculated in this part; or
(2) For the purpose of calculating average fuel economy pursuant to the provisions of part 600, subpart F, fuel economy for electrically powered automobiles means the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy as determined by the Secretary of Energy in accordance with the provisions of 10 CFR 474. For the purpose of labeling pursuant to the provisions of part 600, subpart D, the term means the fuel economy value as determined by the procedures specified in §600.116-12.
Fuel economy data vehicle means a vehicle used for the purpose of determining fuel economy which is not a certification vehicle.
Gasoline gallon equivalent means an amount of electricity or fuel with the energy equivalence of one gallon of gasoline. For purposes of this part, one gallon of gasoline is equivalent to 33.705 kilowatt-hours of electricity or 121.5 standard cubic feet of natural gas.
Good engineering judgment has the meaning given in §1068.30 of this chapter. See §1068.5 of this chapter for the administrative process we use to evaluate good engineering judgment.
Gross vehicle weight rating means the manufacturer's gross weight rating for the individual vehicle.
Hatchback means a passenger automobile where the conventional luggage compartment, i.e., trunk, is replaced by a cargo area which is open to the passenger compartment and accessed vertically by a rear door which encompasses the rear window.
Highway fuel economy means the highway fuel economy determined either by operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the Federal highway fuel economy test procedure, or determined according to either the vehicle-specific 5-cycle equation or the derived 5-cycle equation for highway fuel economy.
Highway fuel economy test procedure (HFET) refers to the dynamometer driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and analytical procedures described in subpart B of this part and which are used to derive highway fuel economy data.
HFET-based fuel economy means the highway fuel economy determined in §600.113 of this part, on the basis of HFET testing.
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has the meaning given in §86.1803 of this chapter.
Independent Commercial Importer has the meaning given in §85.1502 of this chapter.
Inertia weight class means the class, which is a group of test weights, into which a vehicle is grouped based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86 of this chapter.
Label means a sticker that contains fuel economy information and is affixed to new automobiles in accordance with subpart D of this part.
Light truck means an automobile that is not a passenger automobile, as defined by the Secretary of Transportation at 49 CFR 523.5. This term is interchangeable with “non-passenger automobile.” The term “light truck” includes medium-duty passenger vehicles (MDPV FE) manufactured during 2011 and later model years.
Medium-duty passenger vehicle means a vehicle that would satisfy the criteria for light trucks as defined by the Secretary of Transportation at 49 CFR 523.5 but for its gross vehicle weight rating or its curb weight, is rated at more than 8,500 lbs GVWR or has a vehicle curb weight of more than 6,000 pounds or has a basic vehicle frontal area in excess of 45 square feet, and is designed primarily to transport passengers, but does not include a vehicle that—
(1) Is an “incomplete truck” as defined in 40 CFR 86.1803-01; or
(2) Has a seating capacity of more than 12 persons; or
(3) Is designed for more than 9 persons in seating rearward of the driver's seat; or
(4) Is equipped with an open cargo area (for example, a pick-up truck box or bed) of 72.0 inches in interior length or more. A covered box not readily accessible from the passenger compartment will be considered an open cargo area for purposes of this definition.
Minivan means a light truck which is designed primarily to carry no more than eight passengers, having an integral enclosure fully enclosing the driver, passenger, and load-carrying compartments, and rear seats readily removed, folded, stowed, or pivoted to facilitate cargo carrying. A minivan typically includes one or more sliding doors and a rear liftgate. Minivans typically have less total interior volume or overall height than full sized vans and are commonly advertised and marketed as “minivans.”
Model type means a unique combination of car line, basic engine, and transmission class.
Model year means the manufacturer's annual production period (as determined by the Administrator) which includes January 1 of such calendar year. If a manufacturer has no annual production period, the term “model year” means the calendar year.
Motor controller means an electronic or electro-mechanical device to convert energy stored in an energy storage device into a form suitable to power the traction motor.
Natural gas-fueled automobile means an automobile designed to operate exclusively on natural gas.
Natural gas dual fuel automobile means an automobile:
(1) Which is designed to operate on natural gas and on gasoline or diesel fuel;
(2) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated in §600.510-08(g)(1) while operating on natural gas as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and
(3) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds the minimum driving range established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR part 538.
Non-passenger automobile has the meaning given by the Department of Transportation at 49 CFR 523.5. This term is synonymous with “light truck.”
Passenger automobile has the meaning given by the Department of Transportation at 49 CFR 523.4.
Pickup truck means a nonpassenger automobile which has a passenger compartment and an open cargo bed.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) has the meaning given in §86.1803 of this chapter.
Production volume means, for a domestic manufacturer, the number of vehicle units domestically produced in a particular model year but not exported, and for a foreign manufacturer, means the number of vehicle units of a particular model imported into the United States.
QR Code means Quick Response Code, which is a registered trademark of Denso Wave, Incorporated.
Round has the meaning given in §1065.1001 of this chapter, unless specified otherwise.
SC03 means the test procedure specified in 40 CFR 1066.801(c)(2).
Secretary of Energy means the Secretary of Energy or his authorized representative.
Secretary of Transportation means the Secretary of Transportation or his authorized representative.
Sport utility vehicle (SUV) means a light truck with an extended roof line to increase cargo or passenger capacity, cargo compartment open to the passenger compartment, and one or more rear seats readily removed or folded to facilitate cargo carrying.
Station wagon means a passenger automobile with an extended roof line to increase cargo or passenger capacity, cargo compartment open to the passenger compartment, a tailgate, and one or more rear seats readily removed or folded to facilitate cargo carrying.
Subconfiguration means one of the following:
(1) For LDV, LDT, and MDPV FE , subconfiguration means a unique combination within a vehicle configuration of equivalent test weight, road-load horsepower, and any other operational characteristics or parameters which the Administrator determines may significantly affect fuel economy or CO 2 emissions within a vehicle configuration.
(2) For HDV, subconfiguration has the meaning given in §86.1819-14(d)(12) of this chapter.
Test weight means the weight within an inertia weight class which is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle, and which is based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86 of this chapter.
Track width has the meaning given in §86.1803 of this chapter.
Transmission class means a group of transmissions having the following common features: Basic transmission type (e.g., automatic, manual, automated manual, semi-automatic, or continuously variable); number of forward gears used in fuel economy testing (e.g., manual four-speed, three-speed automatic, two-speed semi-automatic); drive system (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive; four wheel drive), type of overdrive, if applicable (e.g., final gear ratio less than 1.00, separate overdrive unit); torque converter type, if applicable (e.g., non-lockup, lockup, variable ratio); and other transmission characteristics that may be determined to be significant by the Administrator.
Transmission configuration means the Administrator may further subdivide within a transmission class if the Administrator determines that sufficient fuel economy differences exist. Features such as gear ratios, torque converter multiplication ratio, stall speed, shift calibration, or shift speed may be used to further distinguish characteristics within a transmission class.
Ultimate consumer means the first person who purchases an automobile for purposes other than resale or who leases an automobile.
US06 means the test procedure as described in 40 CFR 1066.801(c)(2).
US06-City means the combined periods of the US06 test that occur before and after the US06-Highway period.
US06-Highway means the period of the US06 test that begins at the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 130 seconds of the driving schedule and terminates at the end of the deceleration which is scheduled to occur at 495 seconds of the driving schedule.
Usable fuel storage capacity means the amount of fuel that is available to a vehicle starting from a complete refueling event until the vehicle stops (or until driveability deteriorates to the point that further driving is unlikely or impractical). For liquid fuels, the usable fuel storage capacity represents the difference between the total fuel volume after a complete refueling event and the fuel volume that remains in the fuel tank after the vehicle runs out of fuel. For other fuels, use good engineering judgment to determine the full and empty conditions consistent with typical consumer behavior. For example, for natural gas vehicles, the full condition would be the point at which a typical operator would stop refueling based on the increasing system pressures, which are determined by temperature effects related to the refueling process; this does not necessarily represent the maximum amount of fuel the tank can hold under equilibrium conditions. The empty condition would be the point at which fuel pressure drops enough that the engine is unable to maintain stable air-fuel ratios for acceptable continued operation.
Van means any light truck having an integral enclosure fully enclosing the driver compartment and load carrying compartment. The distance from the leading edge of the windshield to the foremost body section of vans is typically shorter than that of pickup trucks and SUVs.
Vehicle configuration means one of the following:
(1) For LDV, LDT, and MDPV FE , vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, inertia weight class, transmission configuration, and axle ratio within a base level.
(2) For HDV, vehicle configuration has the meaning given for “configuration” in §86.1819-14(d)(12) of this chapter.
Vehicle-specific 5-cycle CO2 means the CO2 calculated according to the procedures in §600.114.
Vehicle-specific 5-cycle fuel economy means the fuel economy calculated according to the procedures in §600.114.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and any authorized representatives.
Wheelbase has the meaning given in §86.1803 of this chapter.
[76 FR 39524, July 6, 2011, as amended at 77 FR 63178, Oct. 15, 2012; 79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014; 81 FR 74000, Oct. 25, 2016; 88 FR 4480, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28200, Apr. 18, 2024]
§600.003 Abbreviations.
The abbreviations and acronyms used in this part have the same meaning as those in part 86 of this chapter, with the addition of the following:
(a) “MPG” or “mpg” means miles per gallon. This may be used to generally describe fuel economy as a quantity, or it may be used as the units associated with a particular value.
(b) MPGe means miles per gallon equivalent. This is generally used to quantify a fuel economy value for vehicles that use a fuel other than gasoline. The value represents miles the vehicle can drive with the energy equivalent of one gallon of gasoline.
(c) SCF means standard cubic feet.
(d) SUV means sport utility vehicle.
(e) CREE means carbon-related exhaust emissions.
[76 FR 39527, July 6, 2011]
§600.005 Maintenance of records and rights of entry.
The provisions of this section are applicable to all fuel economy data vehicles. Certification vehicles are required to meet the provisions of §86.1844 of this chapter.
(a) The manufacturer of any new motor vehicle subject to any of the standards or procedures prescribed in this part shall establish, maintain, and retain the following adequately organized and indexed records:
(1) General records. (i) Identification and description of all vehicles for which data are submitted to meet the requirements of this part.
(ii) A description of all procedures used to test each vehicle.
(iii) A copy of the information required to be submitted under §600.006 fulfills the requirements of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section.
(2) Individual records. A brief history of each vehicle for which data are submitted to meet the requirements of this part, in the form of a separate booklet or other document for each separate vehicle, in which must be recorded:
(i) The steps taken to ensure that the vehicle with respect to its engine, drive train, fuel system, emission control system components, exhaust after treatment device, vehicle weight, or any other device or component, as applicable, will be representative of production vehicles. In the case of electric vehicles, the manufacturer should describe the steps taken to ensure that the vehicle with respect to its electric traction motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or any other device or component, as applicable, will be representative of production vehicles.
(ii) A complete record of all emission tests performed under part 86 of this chapter, all fuel economy tests performed under this part 600 (except tests actually performed by EPA personnel), and all electric vehicle tests performed according to procedures promulgated by DOE, including all individual worksheets and other documentation relating to each such test or exact copies thereof; the date, time, purpose, and location of each test; the number of miles accumulated on the vehicle when the tests began and ended; and the names of supervisory personnel responsible for the conduct of the tests.
(iii) A description of mileage accumulated since selection of buildup of such vehicles including the date and time of each mileage accumulation listing both the mileage accumulated and the name of each driver, or each operator of the automatic mileage accumulation device, if applicable. Additionally, a description of mileage accumulated prior to selection or buildup of such vehicle must be maintained in such detail as is available.
(iv) If used, the record of any devices employed to record the speed or mileage, or both, of the test vehicle in relationship to time.
(v) A record and description of all maintenance and other servicing performed, within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing under this part, giving the date and time of the maintenance or service, the reason for it, the person authorizing it, and the names of supervisory personnel responsible for the conduct of the maintenance or service. A copy of the maintenance information to be submitted under §600.006 fulfills the requirements of this paragraph (a)(2)(v).
(vi) A brief description of any significant events affecting the vehicle during any of the period covered by the history not described in an entry under one of the previous headings including such extraordinary events as vehicle accidents or driver speeding citations or warnings.
(3) Keeping records. The manufacturer shall retain all records required under this part for five years after the end of the model year to which they relate. Records may be retained as hard copy or some alternative storage medium, provided that in every case all the information contained in hard copy shall be retained.
(b)(1) Any manufacturer who has supplied fuel economy data to meet the requirements of this part shall admit any EPA Enforcement Officer during operating hours upon presentation of credentials at any of the following:
(i) Any facility where any fuel economy tests from which data are submitted or any procedures or activities connected with these tests are performed.
(ii) Any facility where any new motor vehicle which is being, was, or is to be tested is present.
(iii) Any facility where any construction process used in the modification or buildup of a vehicle into a fuel economy data vehicle is taking place or has taken place.
(iv) Any facility where any record or other document relating to any of the above is located.
(2) Upon admission to any facility referred to in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the manufacturer shall allow any EPA Enforcement Officer:
(i) To inspect and monitor any part or aspect of procedures, activities, and testing facilities, including, but not limited to, monitoring vehicle preconditioning; emission and fuel economy tests and mileage accumulation; maintenance; vehicle soak and storage procedures; and to verify correlation of calibration of test equipment;
(ii) To inspect and make copies of any required records, designs, or other documents; and
(iii) To inspect and photograph any part or aspect of any fuel economy vehicle and any components to be used in the construction thereof.
(3) Any EPA Enforcement Officer will be furnished, by those in charge of facility being inspected, with such reasonable assistance as may be required to help discharge any function listed in this paragraph (b). Each manufacturer is required to have those in charge of the facility furnish such reasonable assistance without charge to EPA whether or not the manufacturer controls the facility.
(4) The duty to admit any EPA Enforcement Officer shall be applicable whether or not the manufacturer owns or controls the facility in question and is applicable to both domestic and foreign manufacturers and facilities. An EPA Enforcement Officer will not attempt to make any inspections which the officer has been informed are in contravention of any law. However, if local law makes it impossible for the EPA Enforcement Officer to verify or to ensure the accuracy of data generated at a facility such that no informed judgment can properly be made as to the accuracy or reliability of data generated by or obtained for the facility, then a vehicle or data from that vehicle shall not be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part (unless the Administrator is otherwise convinced of the accuracy and reliability of such data).
(5) For purposes of this paragraph (b):
(i) “Presentation of credentials” means display of the document designating a person as an EPA Enforcement Officer.
(ii) Where vehicle, component, or engine storage areas or facilities are concerned, “operating hours” shall mean all times during which personnel other than custodial personnel are at work in the vicinity of the area or facility and have access to it.
(iii) For facilities or areas other than those covered by paragraph (b)(5)(ii) of this section, the term, “operating hours” will mean all times during which an assembly line is in operation or all times during which testing, maintenance, mileage accumulation, production or compilation of records, or any other procedure or activity related to fuel economy testing, or to vehicle manufacturer or assembly, is being carried out in a facility.
(iv) “Reasonable assistance” means providing timely and unobstructed access to and opportunity for the copying of any record, book, paper, or document required to be maintained under this section and providing timely and unobstructed access to any motor vehicle, testing facility, or testing equipment.
(v) Any entry without 24 hours prior written or oral notification to the affected manufacturer shall be authorized in writing by the Assistant Administrator for Enforcement.
[45 FR 49259, July 24, 1980, as amended at 64 FR 23973, May 4, 1999. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39527, July 6, 2011]
§600.006 Data and information requirements for fuel economy data vehicles.
(a) For certification vehicles with less than 10,000 miles, the requirements of this section are considered to have been met except as noted in paragraph (c) of this section.
(b)(1) The manufacturer shall submit the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle:
(i) A description of the vehicle, exhaust emission test results, applicable deterioration factors, adjusted exhaust emission levels, and test fuel property values as specified in §600.113-08.
(ii) A statement of the origin of the vehicle including total mileage accumulation, and modification (if any) form the vehicle configuration in which the mileage was accumulated. (For modifications requiring advance approval by the Administrator, the name of the Administrator's representative approving the modification and date of approval are required.) If the vehicle was previously used for testing for compliance withpart 86 of this chapter or previously accepted by the Administrator as a fuel economy data vehicle in a different configuration, the requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by reference to the vehicle number and previous configuration.
(iii) A statement that the fuel economy data vehicle for which data are submitted:
(A) Has been tested in accordance with applicable test procedures;
(B) Is, to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge, representative of the vehicle configuration listed; and
(C) Is in compliance with applicable exhaust emission standards.
(2) The manufacturer shall retain the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle, and make it available to the Administrator upon request:
(i) A description of all maintenance to engine, emission control system, or fuel system, or fuel system components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing.
(ii) In the case of electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles, a description of all maintenance to electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing.
(iii) A copy of calibrations for engine, fuel system, and emission control devices, showing the calibration of the actual components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances.
(iv) In the case of electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles, a copy of calibrations for the electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances.
(v) If calibrations for components specified in paragraph (b)(2) (iii) or (iv) of this section were submitted previously as part of the description of another vehicle or configuration, the original submittal may be referenced.
(c) The manufacturer shall submit the following fuel economy data:
(1) For vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 of this chapter (other than those chosen in accordance with the provisions related to durability demonstration in §86.1829 of this chapter or in-use verification testing in §86.1845 of this chapter), the FTP, highway, US06, SC03 and cold temperature FTP fuel economy results, as applicable, from all tests on that vehicle, and the test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.
(2) For each fuel economy data vehicle, all individual test results (excluding results of invalid and zero mile tests) and these test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.
(3) For diesel vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 of this chapter, data from a cold temperature FTP, performed in accordance with §600.111-08(e), using the fuel specified in §600.107-08(c).
(4) For all vehicles tested in paragraph (c)(1) through (3) of this section, the individual fuel economy results measured on a per-phase basis, that is, the individual phase results for all sample phases of the FTP, cold temperature FTP and US06 tests.
(5) Starting with the 2012 model year, the data submitted according to paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section shall include total HC, CO, CO2, and, where applicable for alternative fuel vehicles, CH3OH, C2H5OH, C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC and CH4. Manufacturers incorporating N2O and CH4 emissions in their fleet average carbon-related exhaust emissions as allowed under §86.1818 of this chapter shall also submit N2O and CH4 emission data where applicable. The fuel economy, carbon-related exhaust emissions, and CO2 emission test results shall be adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.
(d) The manufacturer shall submit an indication of the intended purpose of the data (e.g., data required by the general labeling program or voluntarily submitted for specific labeling).
(e) In lieu of submitting actual data from a test vehicle, a manufacturer may provide fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emission values derived from a previously tested vehicle, where the fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions are expected to be equivalent (or less fuel-efficient and with higher CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions). Additionally, in lieu of submitting actual data from a test vehicle, a manufacturer may provide fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emission values derived from an analytical expression, e.g., regression analysis. In order for fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emission values derived from analytical methods to be accepted, the expression (form and coefficients) must have been approved by the Administrator.
(f) If, in conducting tests required or authorized by this part, the manufacturer utilizes procedures, equipment, or facilities not described in the Application for Certification required in §86.1844-01 of this chapter, the manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator a description of such procedures, equipment, and facilities.
(g)(1) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data used for fuel economy label calculations in subpart D and average fuel economy calculations in subpart F for the classes of automobiles within the categories identified in paragraphs of §600.510(a)(1) through (4). The test data shall be adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g)(3) or (4) of this section as applicable.
(2) [Reserved]
(3)(i) The manufacturer shall adjust all fuel economy test data generated by vehicles with engine-drive system combinations with more than 6,200 miles by using the following equation:
FE4,000mi = FET[0.979 + 5.25 × 10−6(mi)]−1
Where:
FE4,000mi = Fuel economy data adjusted to 4,000-mile test point rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.
FET = Tested fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.
mi = System miles accumulated at the start of the test rounded to the nearest whole mile.
(ii)(A) The manufacturer shall adjust all carbon-related exhaust emission (CREE) and all CO2 test data generated by vehicles with engine-drive system combinations with more than 6,200 miles by using the following equation:
ADJ4,000mi = TEST[0.979 + 5.25 · 10−6 · (mi)]
Where:
ADJ4,000mi = CREE or CO2 emission data adjusted to 4,000-mile test point.
TEST = Tested emissions value of CREE or CO2 in grams per mile.
mi = System miles accumulated at the start of the test rounded to the nearest whole mile.
(B) Emissions test values and results used and determined in the calculations in this paragraph (g)(3)(ii) shall be rounded in accordance with §86.1837 of this chapter as applicable. CO2 and CREE values shall be rounded to the nearest gram per mile.
(C) Note that the CREE test results are determined using the unadjusted CO2 value; i.e., CO2 is not adjusted twice when determining the 4,000 mile CREE value.
(4) For vehicles with 6,200 miles or less accumulated, the manufacturer is not required to adjust the data.
(5) The Administrator may specify a different adjustment calculation for electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles to allow for properly characterizing the fuel economy and emissions of these vehicles.
[71 FR 77929, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 75 FR 25702, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39528, July 6, 2011]
§600.007 Vehicle acceptability.
(a) All certification vehicles and other vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 of this chapter (other than those chosen under the durability-demonstration provisions in §86.1829 of this chapter), are considered to have met the requirements of this section.
(b) Any vehicle not meeting the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section must be judged acceptable by the Administrator under this section in order for the test results to be reviewed for use in subpart C or F of this part. The Administrator will judge the acceptability of a fuel economy data vehicle on the basis of the information supplied by the manufacturer under §600.006(b). The criteria to be met are:
(1) A fuel economy data vehicle may have accumulated not more than 10,000 miles. A vehicle will be considered to have met this requirement if the engine and drivetrain have accumulated 10,000 or fewer miles. The Administrator may specify a different maximum value for electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles that allows for the necessary operation for properly evaluating and characterizing those vehicles under this part. The components installed for a fuel economy test are not required to be the ones with which the mileage was accumulated, e.g., axles, transmission types, and tire sizes may be changed. The Administrator will determine if vehicle/engine component changes are acceptable.
(2) A vehicle may be tested in different vehicle configurations by change of vehicle components, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, or by testing in different inertia weight classes. Also, a single vehicle may be tested under different test conditions, i.e., test weight and/or road load horsepower, to generate fuel economy data representing various situations within a vehicle configuration. For purposes of this part, data generated by a single vehicle tested in various test conditions will be treated as if the data were generated by the testing of multiple vehicles.
(3) The mileage on a fuel economy data vehicle must be, to the extent possible, accumulated according to §86.1831 of this chapter.
(4) Each fuel economy data vehicle must meet the same exhaust emission standards as certification vehicles of the respective engine-system combination during the test in which the fuel economy test results are generated. This may be demonstrated using one of the following methods:
(i) The deterioration factors established for the respective engine-system combination per §86.1841 of this chapter as applicable will be used; or
(ii) The fuel economy data vehicle will be equipped with aged emission control components according to the provisions of §86.1823 of this chapter.
(5) The calibration information submitted under §600.006(b) must be representative of the vehicle configuration for which the fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions data were submitted.
(6) Any vehicle tested for fuel economy, CO2 emissions, or carbon-related exhaust emissions purposes must be representative of a vehicle which the manufacturer intends to produce under the provisions of a certificate of conformity.
(7) For vehicles imported under §85.1509 or §85.1511(b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(1), (c)(2) or (d) of this chapter (when applicable), only the following requirements must be met:
(i) For vehicles imported under §85.1509 of this chapter, a highway fuel economy value must be generated contemporaneously with the emission tests used for purposes of demonstrating compliance with §85.1509 of this chapter. No modifications or adjustments should be made to the vehicles between the highway fuel economy, FTP, US06, SC03 and Cold temperature FTP tests.
(ii) For vehicles imported under §85.1509 or §85.1511(b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this chapter (when applicable) with over 10,000 miles, the equation in §600.006(g)(3) shall be used as though only 10,000 miles had been accumulated.
(iii) Any required fuel economy testing must take place after any safety modifications are completed for each vehicle as required by regulations of the Department of Transportation.
(iv) Every vehicle imported under §85.1509 or §85.1511(b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this chapter (when applicable) must be considered a separate type for the purposes of calculating a fuel economy label for a manufacturer's average fuel economy.
(c) If, based on review of the information submitted under §600.006(b), the Administrator determines that a fuel economy data vehicle meets the requirements of this section, the fuel economy data vehicle will be judged to be acceptable and fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emissions data from that fuel economy data vehicle will be reviewed pursuant to §600.008.
(d) If, based on the review of the information submitted under §600.006(b), the Administrator determines that a fuel economy data vehicle does not meet the requirements of this section, the Administrator will reject that fuel economy data vehicle and inform the manufacturer of the rejection in writing.
(e) If, based on a review of the emission data for a fuel economy data vehicle, submitted under §600.006(b), or emission data generated by a vehicle tested under §600.008(e), the Administrator finds an indication of non-compliance with section 202 of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq. of the regulation thereunder, he may take such investigative actions as are appropriate to determine to what extent emission non-compliance actually exists.
(1) The Administrator may, under the provisions of §86.1830 of this chapter, request the manufacturer to submit production vehicles of the configuration(s) specified by the Administrator for testing to determine to what extent emission noncompliance of a production vehicle configuration or of a group of production vehicle configurations may actually exist.
(2) If the Administrator determines, as a result of his investigation, that substantial emission non-compliance is exhibited by a production vehicle configuration or group of production vehicle configurations, he may proceed with respect to the vehicle configuration(s) as provided under section 206 or 207, as applicable, of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq.
(f) All vehicles used to generate fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emissions data, and for which emission standards apply, must be covered by a certificate of conformity under part 86 of this chapter before:
(1) The data may be used in the calculation of any approved general or specific label value, or
(2) The data will be used in any calculations under subpart F, except that vehicles imported under §§85.1509 and 85.1511 of this chapter need not be covered by a certificate of conformity.
[71 FR 77930, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 75 FR 25703, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39529, July 6, 2011; 89 FR 28201, Apr. 18, 2024]
§600.008 Review of fuel economy, CO 2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emission data, testing by the Administrator.
(a) Testing by the Administrator.(1)(i) The Administrator may require that any one or more of the test vehicles be submitted to the Agency, at such place or places as the Agency may designate, for the purposes of conducting fuel economy tests. The Administrator may specify that such testing be conducted at the manufacturer's facility, in which case instrumentation and equipment specified by the Administrator shall be made available by the manufacturer for test operations. The tests to be performed may comprise the FTP, highway fuel economy test, US06, SC03, or Cold temperature FTP or any combination of those tests. Any testing conducted at a manufacturer's facility pursuant to this paragraph shall be scheduled by the manufacturer as promptly as possible.
(ii) Starting with the 2012 model year for carbon-related exhaust emissions and with the 2013 model year for CO2 emissions, the evaluations, testing, and test data described in this section pertaining to fuel economy shall also be performed for CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions, except that CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions shall be arithmetically averaged instead of harmonically averaged, and in cases where the manufacturer selects the lowest of several fuel economy results to represent the vehicle, the manufacturer shall select the CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions value from the test results associated with the lowest selected fuel economy results.
(2) Retesting and official data determination. For any vehicles selected for confirmatory testing under the provisions of paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the Administrator will follow this procedure:
(i) The manufacturer's fuel economy data (or harmonically averaged data if more than one test was conducted) will be compared with the results of the Administrator's test.
(ii) If, in the Administrator's judgment, the comparison in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section indicates a disparity in the data, the Administrator will repeat the test or tests as applicable.
(A) The manufacturer's average test results and the results of the Administrator's first test will be compared with the results of the Administrator's second test as in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section.
(B) If, in the Administrator's judgment, both comparisons in paragraph (a)(2)(i)(A) of this section, indicate a disparity in the data, the Administrator will repeat the applicable test or tests until:
(1) In the Administrator's judgment no disparity in the data is indicated by comparison of two tests by the Administrator or by comparison of the manufacturer's average test results and a test by the Administrator; or
(2) Four tests of a single test type are conducted by the Administrator in which a disparity in the data is indicated when compared as in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section.
(iii) If there is, in the Administrator's judgment, no disparity indicated by comparison of manufacturer's average test results with a test by the Administrator, the test values generated by the Administrator will be used to represent the vehicle.
(iv) If there is, in the Administrator's judgment, no disparity indicated by comparison of two tests by the Administrator, the harmonic averages of the fuel economy results from those tests will be used to represent the vehicle.
(v) If the situation in paragraph (a)(2)(ii)(B)(2) of this section occurs, the Administrator will notify the manufacturer, in writing, that the Administrator rejects that fuel economy data vehicle.
(b) Manufacturer-conducted confirmatory testing. (1) If the Administrator determines not to conduct a confirmatory test under the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, manufacturers will conduct a confirmatory test at their facility after submitting the original test data to the Administrator whenever any of the following conditions exist:
(i) The vehicle configuration has previously failed an emission standard;
(ii) The test exhibits high emission levels determined by exceeding a percentage of the standards specified by the Administrator for that model year;
(2) If the Administrator selects the vehicle for confirmatory testing based on the manufacturer's original test results, the testing shall be conducted as ordered by the Administrator. In this case, the manufacturer-conducted confirmatory testing specified under paragraph (b)(1) of this section would not be required.
(3) The manufacturer shall conduct a retest of the FTP or highway test if the difference between the fuel economy of the confirmatory test and the original manufacturer's test equals or exceeds three percent (or such lower percentage to be applied consistently to all manufacturer-conducted confirmatory testing as requested by the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator).
(i) The manufacturer may, in lieu of conducting a retest, accept the lower of the original and confirmatory test fuel economy results for use in subpart C or F of this part.
(ii) The manufacturer shall conduct a second retest of the FTP or highway test if the fuel economy difference between the second confirmatory test and the original manufacturer test equals or exceeds three percent (or such lower percentage as requested by the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator) and the fuel economy difference between the second confirmatory test and the first confirmatory test equals or exceeds three percent (or such lower percentage as requested by the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator). The manufacturer may, in lieu of conducting a second retest, accept the lowest of the original test, the first confirmatory test, and the second confirmatory test fuel economy results for use in subpart C or F of this part.
(4) The Administrator may request the manufacturer to conduct a retest of the US06, SC03 or Cold Temperature FTP on the basis of fuel economy that is higher than expected as specified in criteria provided by the Administrator. Such retests shall not be required before the 2011 model year.
(c) Review of fuel economy data. (1) Fuel economy data must be judged reasonable and representative by the Administrator in order for the test results to be used for the purposes of subpart C or F of this part. In making this determination, the Administrator will, when possible, compare the results of a test vehicle to those of other similar test vehicles.
(2) If testing was conducted by the Administrator under the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, the data from this testing, together with all other fuel economy data submitted for that vehicle under §600.006(c) or (e) will be evaluated by the Administrator for reasonableness and representativeness per paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
(i) The fuel economy data which are determined to best meet the criteria of paragraph (c)(1) of this section will be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part.
(ii) City, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold temperature FTP test data will be considered separately.
(iii) If more than one test was conducted, the Administrator may select an individual test result or the harmonic average of selected test results to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section.
(3) If confirmatory testing was conducted by the manufacturer under the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section, the data from this testing will be evaluated by the Administrator for reasonableness and representativeness per paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
(i) The fuel economy data which are determined to best meet the criteria of paragraph (c)(1) of this section will be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part.
(ii) City, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold temperature FTP test data will be considered separately.
(iii) If more than one test was conducted, the Administrator may select an individual test result or the harmonic average of selected test results to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section.
(4) If no confirmatory testing was conducted by either the Administrator or the manufacturer under the provisions of paragraph (a) and (b) of this section, respectively, then the data submitted under the provisions of §600.006(c) or (e) shall be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part.
(i) City, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold temperature FTP test data will be considered separately.
(ii) If more than one test was conducted, the harmonic average of the test results shall be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part.
(d) If, based on a review of the fuel economy data generated by testing under paragraph (a) of this section, the Administrator determines that an unacceptable level of correlation exists between fuel economy data generated by a manufacturer and fuel economy data generated by the Administrator, he/she may reject all fuel economy data submitted by the manufacturer until the cause of the discrepancy is determined and the validity of the data is established by the manufacturer.
(e)(1) If, based on the results of an inspection conducted under §600.005(b) or any other information, the Administrator has reason to believe that the manufacturer has not followed proper testing procedures or that the testing equipment is faulty or improperly calibrated, or if records do not exist that will enable him to make a finding of proper testing, the Administrator may notify the manufacturer in writing of his finding and require the manufacturer to:
(i) Submit the test vehicle(s) upon which the data are based or additional test vehicle(s) at a place he may designate for the purpose of fuel economy testing.
(ii) Conduct such additional fuel economy testing as may be required to demonstrate that prior fuel economy test data are reasonable and representative.
(2) Previous acceptance by the Administrator of any fuel economy test data submitted by the manufacturer shall not limit the Administrator's right to require additional testing under paragraph (e)(1) of this section.
(3) If, based on tests required under paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the Administrator determines that any fuel economy data submitted by the manufacturer and used to calculate the manufacturer's fuel economy average was unrepresentative, the Administrator may recalculate the manufacturer's fuel economy average based on fuel economy data that he/she deems representative.
(4) A manufacturer may request a hearing as provided in §600.009 if the Administrator decides to recalculate the manufacturer's average pursuant to determinations made relative to this section.
[71 FR 77931, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 75 FR 25703, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39529, July 6, 2011; 89 FR 28201, Apr. 18, 2024]
§600.009 Hearing on acceptance of test data.
(a) The manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's decision if the Administrator rejects any of the following:
(1) The use of a manufacturer's fuel economy data vehicle, in accordance with §600.008(e) or (g), or
(2) The use of fuel economy data, in accordance with §600.008(c), or (f), or
(3) The determination of a vehicle configuration, in accordance with §600.206(a), or
(4) The identification of a car line, in accordance with §600.002, or
(5) The fuel economy label values determined by the manufacturer under §600.312-08(a), then:
(b) The request for a hearing must be filed in writing within 30 days after being notified of the Administrator's decision. The request must be signed by an authorized representative of the manufacturer and include a statement specifying the manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's determinations, with data in support of such objection.
(c) If, after the review of the request and supporting data, the Administrator finds that the request raises one or more substantial factual issues, the Administrator shall provide the manufacturer with a hearing in accordance with the provisions of 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G.
(d) A manufacturer's use of any fuel economy data which the manufacturer challenges pursuant to this section shall not constitute final acceptance by the manufacturer nor prejudice the manufacturer in the exercise of any appeal pursuant to this section challenging such fuel economy data.
[76 FR 39530, July 6, 2011]
§600.010 Vehicle test requirements and minimum data requirements.
(a) Unless otherwise exempted from specific emission compliance requirements, for each certification vehicle defined in this part, and for each vehicle tested according to the emission test procedures in part 86 of this chapter for addition of a model after certification or approval of a running change (§86.1842 of this chapter, as applicable):
(1) The manufacturer shall generate FTP fuel economy data by testing according to the applicable procedures.
(2) The manufacturer shall generate highway fuel economy data by:
(i) Testing according to applicable procedures, or
(ii) Using an analytical technique, as described in §600.006(e).
(3) The manufacturer shall generate US06 fuel economy data by testing according to the applicable procedures. Alternate fueled vehicles or dual fueled vehicles operating on alternate fuel may optionally generate this data using the alternate fuel.
(4) The manufacturer shall generate SC03 fuel economy data by testing according to the applicable procedures. Alternate fueled vehicles or dual fueled vehicles operating on alternate fuel may optionally generate this data using the alternate fuel.
(5) The manufacturer shall generate cold temperature FTP fuel economy data by testing according to the applicable procedures. Alternate fueled vehicles or dual fueled vehicles operating on alternate fuel may optionally generate this data using the alternate fuel.
(6) The data generated in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section, shall be submitted to the Administrator in combination with other data for the vehicle required to be submitted in part 86 of this chapter.
(b) For each fuel economy data vehicle:
(1) The manufacturer shall generate FTP and HFET fuel economy data by:
(i) Testing according to applicable procedures, or
(ii) Use of an analytical technique as described in §600.006(e), in addition to testing (e.g., city fuel economy data by testing, highway fuel economy data by analytical technique).
(2) The data generated shall be submitted to the Administrator according to the procedures in §600.006.
(c) Minimum data requirements for labeling. (1) In order to establish fuel economy label values under §600.301, the manufacturer shall use only test data accepted in accordance with §600.008 meeting the minimum coverage of:
(i) Data required for emission certification under §§86.1828 and 86.1842 of this chapter.
(ii)(A) FTP and HFET data from the highest projected model year sales subconfiguration within the highest projected model year sales configuration for each base level, and
(B) If required under §600.115, for 2011 and later model year vehicles, US06, SC03 and cold temperature FTP data from the highest projected model year sales subconfiguration within the highest projected model year sales configuration for each base level. Manufacturers may optionally generate this data for any 2008 through 2010 model years, and, 2011 and later model year vehicles, if not otherwise required.
(iii) For additional model types established under §600.208-08(a)(2), §600.208-12(a)(2) §600.209-08(a)(2), or §600.209-12(a)(2) FTP and HFET data, and if required under §600.115, US06, SC03 and Cold temperature FTP data from each subconfiguration included within the model type.
(2) For the purpose of recalculating fuel economy label values as required under §600.314-08(b), the manufacturer shall submit data required under §600.507.
(d) Minimum data requirements for the manufacturer's average fuel economy and average carbon-related exhaust emissions. For the purpose of calculating the manufacturer's average fuel economy and average carbon-related exhaust emissions under §600.510, the manufacturer shall submit FTP (city) and HFET (highway) test data representing at least 90 percent of the manufacturer's actual model year production, by configuration, for each category identified for calculation under §600.510-08(a) or §600.510-12(a)(1).
[71 FR 77932, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 74 FR 61549, Nov. 25, 2009; 75 FR 25703, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39530, July 6, 2011]
§600.011 Incorporation by reference.
Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section, EPA must publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All approved incorporation by reference (IBR) material is available for inspection at EPA and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Contact EPA at: U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket Center, WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20004; www.epa.gov/dockets ; (202) 202-1744. For information on inspecting this material at NARA, visit www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html or email fr.inspection@nara.gov . The material may be obtained from the following sources:
(a) ASTM International (ASTM). ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959; (610) 832-9585; www.astm.org .
(1) ASTM D86-23, Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure; Approved March 1, 2023; IBR approved for §600.113-12(f).
(2) ASTM D975-13a, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils, Approved December 1, 2013; IBR approved for §600.107-08(b).
(3) ASTM D1298-12b, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method, Approved June 1, 2012; IBR approved for §§600.113-12(f); 600.510-12(g).
(4) ASTM D1319-20a, Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption, Approved August 1, 2020; IBR approved for §600.113-12(f).
(5) ASTM D1945-03 (Reapproved 2010), Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas By Gas Chromatography, Approved January 1, 2010; IBR approved for §600.113-12(f) and (k).
(6) ASTM D3338/D3338M-20a, Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels, Approved December 1, 2020; IBR approved for §600.113-12(f).
(7) ASTM D3343-22, Standard Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels, Approved November 1, 2022; IBR approved for §600.113-12(f).
(8) ASTM D4052-22, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter, Approved May 1, 2022; IBR approved for §600.113-12(f).
(9) ASTM D4815-22, Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C 1 to C 4 Alcohols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography, Approved April 1, 2022; IBR approved for §600.113-12(f).
(10) ASTM D5599-22, Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective Flame Ionization Detection, Approved April 1, 2022; IBR approved for §600.113-12(f).
(11) ASTM D5769-22, Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Approved July 1, 2022; IBR approved for §600.113-12(f).
(b) International Organization for Standardization (ISO). International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland; (41) 22749 0111; central@iso.org ; www.iso.org .
(1) ISO/IEC 18004:2006(E), Information technology—Automatic identification and data capture techniques—QR Code 2005 bar code symbology specification, Second Edition, September 1, 2006; IBR approved for §600.302-12(b).
(2) [Reserved]
(c) SAE International (SAE). SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001; (877) 606-7323 (U.S. and Canada) or (724) 776-4970 (outside the U.S. and Canada); www.sae.org .
(1) Motor Vehicle Dimensions—Recommended Practice SAE 1100a (Report of Human Factors Engineering Committee, Society of Automotive Engineers, approved September 1973 as revised September 1975); IBR approved for §600.315-08(c).
(2) SAE J1634 JUL2017, Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range Test Procedure, Revised July 2017; IBR approved for §§600.116-12(a); 600.210-12(d); 600.311-12(j) and (k).
(3) SAE J1711 FEB2023, Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles; Revised February 2023; IBR approved for §§600.114-12(c) and (f); 600.116-12(b) and (c); 600.311-12(c), (j), and (k).
[76 FR 39530, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57379, Sept. 15, 2011; 79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014; 88 FR 4480, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28201, Apr. 18, 2024]