Subpart T - Manufacturer-Run In-Use Testing Program for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

§86.1901 What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service?

(a) If you manufacture diesel heavy-duty engines above 8,500 lbs. GVWR that are subject to engine-based exhaust emission standards under this part, you must test them as described in this subpart. You must measure all emissions listed in §86.1910(d) other than PM beginning in calendar year 2005 and you must measure PM emissions beginning in calendar year 2007. See§86.1930 for special provisions that may apply to manufacturers in the early years of this program.

(b) We may void your certificate of conformity for an engine family if you do not meet your obligations under this subpart. We may also void individual tests and require you to retest those vehicles or take other appropriate measures in instances where you have not performed the testing in accordance with the requirements described in this subpart.

§86.1905 How does this program work?

(a) You must test in-use engines from the families we select. We may select the following number of engine families for testing, except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section:

(1) We may select up to 25 percent of your engine families in any calendar year, calculated by dividing the number of engine families you certified in the model year corresponding to the calendar year by four and rounding to the nearest whole number. We will consider only engine families with annual U.S.-directed production volumes above 1,500 units in calculating the number of engine families subject to testing each calendar year under the annual 25 percent engine family limit. In addition, for model year 2007 through 2009, identical engine families that are split into two subfamilies under §86.007-15(m)(9) will count as only one engine family. If you have only three or fewer families that each exceed an annual U.S.-directed production volume of 1,500 units, or if you have no engine families above this limit, we may select one engine family per calendar year for testing.

(2) Over any four-year period, we will not select more than the average number of engine families that you have certified over that four-year period (the model year when the selection is made and the preceding three model years), based on rounding the average value to the nearest whole number.

(b) If there is clear evidence of a nonconformity with regard to an engine family, we may select that engine family without counting it as a selected engine family under paragraph (a) of this section. We will consult with you in reaching a conclusion whether clear evidence of a nonconformity exists for any engine family. In general, there is clear evidence of a nonconformity regarding an engine family under this subpart in any of the following cases:

(1) The engine family was not remedied but is a carry-over from an engine family you tested under this subpart and was subsequently remedied based at least in part on the Phase 1 or Phase 2 testing outcomes described in §86.1915.

(2) The engine family was not remedied but is a carry-over from an engine family that was remedied based on an EPA in-use testing program.

(c) We may select any individual engine family for testing, regardless of its production volume, as long as we do not select more than the number of engine families described in paragraph (a) of this section. We may select an engine family from the current model year or any previous model year, except that we will not select any engine families from model years before 2007 beginning in the following calendar years:

(1) 2007 for all emissions testing other than PM testing.

(2) 2011 for PM testing.

(d) You must complete all the required testing and reporting under this subpart within 18 months after we direct you to test a particular engine family. We will typically select engine families for testing and notify you in writing by June 30 of the applicable calendar year. You may ask for up to six months longer to complete Phase 2 testing if there is a reasonable basis for needing more time. In very unusual circumstances you may request an additional six months to complete Phase 2 testing.

(e) If you make a good-faith effort to access enough test vehicles to complete Phase 1 or Phase 2 testing requirements under this subpart for an engine family, but are unable to do so, you must ask us either to modify the testing requirements for the selected engine family or, in the case of Phase 1 testing, to select a different engine family.

(f) After you complete the in-use testing requirements for an engine family that we selected for testing in a given calendar year, we may select that same family in a later year to evaluate the engine family's compliance closer to the end of its useful life. This would count as an additional engine-family selection under paragraph (a) of this section, except as described in paragraph (b) of this section.

(g) For any communication related to this subpart, contact the Engine Programs Group Manager (6405-J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.

[70 FR 34619, June 14, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 13450, Mar. 13, 2008; 75 FR 68459, Nov. 8, 2010]

§86.1908 How must I select and screen my in-use engines?

(a) Once we direct you to do testing under this subpart, you must make arrangements to select test vehicles and engines that meet the following criteria:

(1) The engines must be representative of the engine family.

(2) The usage of the vehicles must be representative of typical usage for the vehicles' particular application.

(3) The vehicles come from at least two independent sources.

(4) The key vehicle/engine systems (e.g., power train, drive train, emission control) have been properly maintained and used.

(5) The engines have not been tampered with, rebuilt or undergone major repair that could be expected to affect emissions.

(6) The engines have not been misfueled. For example, an engine may be considered misfueled if operated on a biodiesel fuel blend that is either not listed as allowed or otherwise indicated to be an unacceptable fuel in the vehicle's owner or operator manual.

(7) The engines do not have an illuminated MIL or stored OBD trouble code that lead you to reject the vehicle from the test program as described in §86.1910(b)(2),

(8) The vehicles are likely to operate for at least three hours (excluding idle) over a complete shift-day, as described in §86.1910(g).

(9) The vehicles have not exceeded the applicable useful life, in miles or years (see subpart A of this part); you may otherwise not exclude engines from testing based on their age or mileage.

(10) The vehicle has appropriate space for safe and proper mounting of the PEMS equipment.

(b) You must keep any records of a vehicle's maintenance and use history you obtain from the owner or operator, as required by §86.1925. You must report the engine's maintenance and use history and information related to the OBD system, as described in §86.1920.

(c) You must notify us before rejecting a candidate vehicle for reasons other than failing to meet the acceptance criteria in paragraph (a) of this section. A candidate vehicle is any prospective vehicle you have identified to potentially fulfill your testing requirements under this subpart. Include your reasons for rejecting each vehicle. If an owner declines to participate in the test program, you may reject the vehicle without prior notification. Such a rejection must be reported as described in §86.1920. We may allow you to replace the rejected vehicle with another candidate vehicle to meet your testing requirements for the specific engine family.

(d) You must report when, how, and why you reject candidate vehicles, as described in §86.1920.

§86.1910 How must I prepare and test my in-use engines?

(a) You must limit maintenance to what is in the owners manual for engines with that amount of service and age. For anything we consider an adjustable parameter (see§§86.094-21(b)(1)(ii) and 86.094-22(e)), you may adjust that parameter only if it is outside of its adjustable range. You must then set the adjustable parameter to the mid-point of its adjustable range or your recommended setting, unless we approve your request to do otherwise. You must receive permission from us before adjusting anything not considered to be an adjustable parameter. You must keep records of all maintenance and adjustments, as required by §86.1925. You must send us these records, as described in §86.1920(b)(3)(x), unless we instruct you not to send them.

(b) You may treat a vehicle with an illuminated MIL or stored trouble code as follows:

(1) If the length of MIL illumination or trouble code storage is consistent with proper maintenance and use, either test the prospective test vehicle as received or repair the vehicle before testing. If you elect to repair the vehicle/engine, but ultimately determine that repairs cannot be completed in a timely manner, you may reject the vehicle from the test program and replace it with another vehicle. If you repair or reject the vehicle, you must describe the MIL or trouble code information in your report under §86.1920.

(2) If the length of MIL illumination or trouble code storage is inconsistent with proper maintenance and use, either test the prospective test vehicle as received, repair the vehicle before testing, or reject the vehicle from the test program and replace it with another vehicle. If you repair or reject the vehicle, you must describe the MIL or trouble code information in your report under §86.1920.

(3) If a MIL is illuminated or a trouble code is set during an in-use test, do one of the following:

(i) Stop the test, repair the vehicle, and restart the testing. In this case, only the portion of the full test results without the MIL illuminated or trouble code set would be used in the vehicle-pass determination as described in §86.1912. Describe the MIL or trouble code information in your report under §86.1920.

(ii) Stop the test, repair the vehicle, and initiate a new test. In this case, only the post-repair test results would be used in the vehicle-pass determination as described in §86.1912. Describe the MIL or trouble code information in your report under §86.1920.

(iii) If three hours of non-idle operation have been accumulated prior to the time a MIL is illuminated or trouble code set, stop the test and use the accumulated test results in the vehicle-pass determination as described in §86.1912.

(iv) If three hours of non-idle operation have not been accumulated prior to the time a MIL is illuminated or trouble code is set, and you elect to repair the vehicle/engine, but ultimately determine that repairs cannot be completed in a timely manner, you may reject the vehicle from the test program and replace it with another vehicle. If you repair or reject the vehicle, you must describe the MIL or trouble code information in your report under §86.1920.

(c) Use appropriate fuels for testing, as follows:

(1) You may use any diesel fuel that meets the specifications for No. 2-D S500 or No. 2-D S15 in ASTM D 975 (incorporated by reference in §86.1), as required in the calendar year that in-use testing occurs.

(2) You may use any biodiesel fuel blend that is either expressly allowed or not otherwise indicated as an unacceptable fuel in the vehicle's owner or operator manual or in the engine manufacturer's published fuel recommendations.

(3) You may drain a prospective test vehicle's fuel tank(s) and refill the tank(s) with diesel fuel conforming to ASTM D 975 specifications described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

(4) Any fuel that is added to the fuel tank(s) of a prospective test vehicle, or during an in-use test, must be purchased at a local retail establishment near the site of vehicle procurement or screening, or along the test route. Alternatively, the fuel may be drawn from a central fueling source, provided that the fuel used is representative of that which is commercially available in the area where the vehicle is operated.

(5) No post-refinery fuel additives are allowed, except that one or more specific fuel additives may be used during in-use testing if you can document that the owner/operator of the prospective test vehicle has a history of normally using the fuel treatment(s), and the fuel additive(s) is not prohibited in the vehicle's owner or operator manual or in the engine manufacturer's published fuel-additive recommendations.

(6) You may take fuel samples from test vehicles to ensure that appropriate fuels were used during in-use testing. If a vehicle fails the vehicle-pass criteria and you can show that an inappropriate fuel was used during the failed test, that particular test may be voided. You may drain the vehicle's fuel tank(s) and refill the tank(s) with diesel fuel conforming to the ASTM D 975 specifications described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section. You must report any fuel tests that are the basis of voiding a test in your report under §86.1920.

(d) You must test the selected engines while they remain installed in the vehicle. Use portable emission sampling equipment and field-testing procedures referenced in §86.1375. Measure emissions of THC, NMHC (by any method specified in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart J), CO, NO_X, PM (as appropriate), and CO₂. Measure or determine O₂ emissions using good engineering judgment.

(e) For Phase 1 testing, you must test the engine under conditions reasonably expected to be encountered during normal vehicle operation and use consistent with the general NTE requirements described in §86.1370-2007(a). For the purposes of this subpart, normal operation and use would generally include consideration of the vehicle's normal routes and loads (including auxiliary loads such as air conditioning in the cab), normal ambient conditions, and the normal driver.

(f) For Phase 2 testing, we may give specific directions, as described in §86.1915(c)(2),

(g) Once an engine is set up for testing, test the engine for at least one shift-day. To complete a shift-day's worth of testing, start sampling at the beginning of a shift and continue sampling for the whole shift, subject to the calibration requirements of the portable emissions measurement systems. A shift-day is the period of a normal workday for an individual employee. If the first shift-day of testing does not involve at least 3 hours of accumulated non-idle operation, repeat the testing for a second shift-day and report the results from both days of testing. If the second shift-day of testing also does not result in at least 3 hours of accumulated non-idle operation, you may choose whether or not to continue testing with that vehicle. If after two shift-days you discontinue testing before accumulating 3 hours of non-idle operation on either day, evaluate the valid NTE samples from both days of testing as described in §86.1912 and include the data in the reporting and record keeping requirements specified in §§86.1920 and 1925. Count the engine toward meeting your testing requirements under this subpart and use the data for deciding whether additional engines must be tested under the applicable Phase 1 or Phase 2 test plan.

(h) You have the option to test longer than the two shift-day period described in paragraph (g) of this section.

(i) You may count a vehicle as meeting the vehicle-pass criteria described in §86.1912 if a shift day of testing or two-shift days of testing (with the requisite non-idle/idle operation time as in paragraph (g) of this section), or if the extended testing you elected under paragraph (h) of this section does not generate a single valid NTE sampling event, as described in §86.1912(b). Count the vehicle towards meeting your testing requirements under this subpart.

(j) You may ask us to waive measurement of particular emissions if you can show that in-use testing for such emissions is not necessary.

[70 FR 34619, June 14, 2005, as amended at 75 FR 22981, Apr. 30, 2010; 75 FR 68459, Nov. 8, 2010, as amended at 81 FR 73998, Oct. 25, 2016]

§86.1912 How do I determine whether an engine meets the vehicle-pass criteria?

In general, the average emissions for each regulated pollutant must remain at or below the NTE threshold in paragraph (a) of this section for at least 90 percent of the valid NTE sampling events, as defined in paragraph (b) of this section. For 2007 through 2009 model year engines, the average emissions from every NTE sampling event must also remain below the NTE thresholds in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. Perform the following steps to determine whether an engine meets the vehicle-pass criteria:

(a) Determine the NTE threshold for each pollutant subject to an NTE standard by adding all three of the following terms and rounding the result to the same number of decimal places as the applicable NTE standard:

(1) The applicable NTE standard.

(2) The in-use compliance testing margin specified in §86.007-11(h)(1), if any.

(3) An accuracy margin for portable in-use equipment when testing is performed under the special provisions of §86.1930, depending on the pollutant, as follows:

(i) NMHC: 0.17 g/hp·hr.

(ii) CO: 0.60 g/hp·hr.

(iii) NO_X: 0.50 g/hp·hr.

(iv) PM: 0.10 g/hp·hr.

(v) NO_X + NMHC: 0.67 g/hp·hr.

(4) Accuracy margins for portable in-use equipment when testing is not performed under the special provisions of §86.1930 for 2007 through 2009 model year engine families that are selected for testing in any calendar year as follows:

(i) NMHC using the emission calculation method specified in 40 CFR 1065.650(a)(1): 0.02 g/hp·hr.

(ii) NMHC using the emission calculation method specified in 40 CFR 1065.650(a)(3): 0.01 g/hp·hr.

(iii) NMHC using an alternative emission calculation method we approve under 40 CFR 1065.915(d)(5)(iv): 0.01 g/hp·hr.

(iv) CO using the emission calculation method specified in 40 CFR 1065.650(a)(1): 0.5 g/hp·hr.

(v) CO using the emission calculation method specified in 40 CFR 1065.650(a)(3): 0.25 g/hp·hr.

(vi) CO using an alternative emission calculation method we approve under 40 CFR 1065.915(d)(5)(iv): 0.25 g/hp·hr.

(vii) NO_X using the emission calculation method specified in 40 CFR 1065.650(a)(1): 0.45 g/hp·hr.

(viii) NO_X using the emission calculation method specified in 40 CFR 1065.650(a)(3): 0.15 g/hp·hr.

(ix) NO_X using an alternative emission calculation method we approve under 40 CFR 1065.915(d)(5)(iv): 0.15 g/hp·hr.

(x) NO_X + NMHC using the emission calculation method specified in 40 CFR 1065.650(a)(1): 0.47 g/hp·hr.

(xi) NO_X + NMHC using the emission calculation method specified in 40 CFR 1065.650(a)(3): 0.16 g/hp·hr.

(xii) NO_X + NMHC using an alternative emission calculation method we approve under 40 CFR 1065.915(d)(5)(iv): 0.16 g/hp·hr.

(xiii) PM: 0.006 g/hp·hr.

(5) Accuracy margins for portable in-use equipment when testing is not performed under the special provisions of §86.1930 for 2010 or later model year engines families that are selected for testing in any calendar year as follows:

(i) NMHC using any emission calculation method specified in 40 CFR 1065.650(a) or an alternative emission calculation method we approve under 40 CFR 1065.915(d)(5)(iv): 0.01 g/hp·hr.

(ii) CO using any emission calculation method specified in 40 CFR 1065.650(a) or an alternative emission calculation method we approve under 40 CFR 1065.915(d)(5)(iv): 0.25 g/hp·hr.

(iii) NO_X using any emission calculation method specified in 40 CFR 1065.650(a) or an alternative emission calculation method we approve under 40 CFR 1065.915(d)(5)(iv): 0.15 g/hp·hr.

(iv) PM: 0.006 g/hp·hr.

(b) For the purposes of this subpart, a valid NTE sampling event consists of at least 30 seconds of continuous operation in the NTE control area. An NTE event begins when the engine starts to operate in the NTE control area and continues as long as engine operation remains in this area (see §86.1370). When determining a valid NTE sampling event, exclude all engine operation in approved NTE limited testing regions under §86.1370-2007(b)(6) and any approved NTE deficiencies under §86.007-11(a)(4)(iv). Engine operation in the NTE control area of less than 30 contiguous seconds does not count as a valid NTE sampling event; operating periods of less than 30 seconds in the NTE control area, but outside of any allowed deficiency area or limited testing region, will not be added together to make a 30 second or longer event. Exclude any portion of a sampling event that would otherwise exceed the 5.0 percent limit for the time-weighted carve-out defined in §86.1370-2007(b)(7). For EGR-equipped engines, exclude any operation that occurs during the cold-temperature operation defined by the equations in §86.1370-2007(f)(1).

(c) Calculate the average emission level for each pollutant over each valid NTE sampling event as specified in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart G, using each NTE event as an individual test interval. This should include valid NTE events from all days of testing.

(d) If the engine has an open crankcase, account for these emissions by adding 0.00042 g/hp·hr to the PM emission result for every NTE event.

(e) Calculate a time-weighted vehicle-pass ratio (R_pass) for each pollutant. To do this, first sum the time from each valid NTE sampling event whose average emission level is at or below the NTE threshold for that pollutant, then divide this value by the sum of the engine operating time from all valid NTE events for that pollutant. Round the resulting vehicle-pass ratio to two decimal places.

(1) Calculate the time-weighted vehicle-pass ratio for each pollutant as follows:

Where:

n_pass = the number of valid sampling events for which the average emission level is at or below the NTE threshold.

n_total = the total number of valid NTE sampling events.

(2) For both the numerator and the denominator of the vehicle-pass ratio, use the smallest of the following values for determining the duration, t, of any NTE sampling event:

(i) The measured time in the NTE zone that is valid for an NTE sampling event.

(ii) 600 seconds.

(iii) 10 times the length of the shortest valid NTE sampling event for all testing with that engine.

(f) The following example illustrates how to select the duration of NTE sampling events for calculations, as described in paragraph (f) of this section:

(g) Engines meet the vehicle-pass criteria under this section if they meet both of the following criteria:

(1) The vehicle-pass ratio calculated according to paragraph (e) of this section must be at least 0.90 for each pollutant.

(2) For model year 2007 through 2009 engines, emission levels from every valid NTE sampling event must be less than 2.0 times the NTE thresholds calculated according to paragraph (a) of this section for all pollutants, except that engines certified to a NO_X FEL at or below 0.50 g/hp·hr may meet the vehicle-pass criteria for NO_X if measured NO_X emissions from every valid NTE sample are less than either 2.0 times the NTE threshold for NO_X or 2.0 g/hp·hr, whichever is greater.

[81 FR 73998, Oct. 25, 2016]

§86.1915 What are the requirements for Phase 1 and Phase 2 testing?

For all selected engine families, you must do the following:

(a) To determine the number of engines you must test from each selected engine family under Phase 1 testing, use the following criteria:

(1) Start by measuring emissions from five engines using the procedures described in §86.1375. If all five engines comply fully with the vehicle-pass criteria in §86.1912 for all pollutants, you may stop testing. This completes your testing requirements under this subpart for the applicable calendar year for that engine family.

(2) If one of the engines tested under paragraph (a)(1) of this section fails to comply fully with the vehicle-pass criteria in §86.1912 for one or more pollutants, test one more engine. If this additional engine complies fully with the vehicle-pass criteria in §86.1912 for all pollutants, you may stop testing. This completes your testing requirements under this subpart for the applicable calendar year for that engine family.

(3) If your testing results under paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section do not satisfy the criteria for completing your testing requirements under those paragraphs for all pollutants, test four additional engines so you have tested a total of ten engines.

(4) An engine that fails to fully comply with the vehicle-pass criteria in §86.1912 for any pollutant does not comply with the vehicle-pass criteria in §86.1912 for the purposes of determining the number of engines to test from each selected engine family under this paragraph.

(b) For situations where a total of ten engines must be tested under paragraph (a)(3) of this section, the results of Phase 1 testing lead to the following outcomes:

(1) If at least eight of the ten engines comply fully with the vehicle-pass criteria in §86.1912 for all pollutants, you may stop testing. This completes your testing requirements under this subpart for the applicable calendar year for that engine family.

(2) If six or seven vehicles from the Phase 1 sample of test vehicles comply fully with the vehicle-pass criteria in §86.1912 for all pollutants, then you must engage in follow-up discussions with us to determine whether any further testing (including Phase 2 testing), data submissions, or other actions may be warranted.

(3) If fewer than six of the ten engines tested under paragraph (a) of this section comply fully with the vehicle-pass criteria in §86.1912 for all pollutants, we may require you to initiate Phase 2 testing, as described in paragraph (c) of this section.

(4) You may under any circumstances elect to conduct Phase 2 testing following the completion of Phase 1 testing. All the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section apply to this Phase 2 testing.

(c) If you perform Phase 2 testing for any reason, test your engines as follows:

(1) You must test ten additional engines using the test procedures described in §86.1375, unless we require you to test fewer vehicles.

(2) We may give you any of the following additional directions in selecting and testing engines:

(i) We may require you to select a certain subset of your engine family. This may include, for example, engines within a specific power range, engines used in particular applications, or engines installed in vehicles from a particular manufacturer.

(ii) We may direct you to test engines in a way that simulates the type of driving and ambient conditions associated with high emissions experienced during Phase 1 testing.

(iii) We may direct you to test engines in a specific state or any number of contiguous states.

(iv) We may direct you to select engines from the same sources used for previous testing, or from different sources.

(v) We may require that you complete your testing and reporting under Phase 2 within a certain period. This period may not be shorter than three months and must allow a reasonable amount of time to identify and test enough vehicles. We would generally expect this testing to be completed within the overall time period specified in §86.1905(d).

§86.1917 How does in-use testing under this subpart relate to the emission-related warranty in Section 207(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act?

(a) An exceedance of the NTE found through the in-use testing program under this subpart is not by itself sufficient to show a breach of warranty under Clean Air Act section 207(a)(1) (42 U.S.C. 7541(a)(1)). A breach of warranty would also require one of the following things:

(1) That, at the time of sale, the engine or vehicle was designed, built, and equipped in a manner that does not conform in all material respects reasonably related to emission controls to the engine as described in the application for certification and covered by the certificate; or

(2) A defect in materials or workmanship of a component causes the vehicle or engine to fail to conform to the applicable regulations for its useful life.

(b) To the extent that in-use NTE testing does not reveal such a material deficiency at the time of sale in the design or manufacture of an engine compared with the certified engine, or a defect in the materials and workmanship of a component or part, test results showing an exceedance of the NTE by itself would not show a breach of the warranty under 42 U.S.C. 7541(a)(1).

§86.1920 What in-use testing information must I report to EPA?

(a) Send us electronic reports at inuse@epa.gov using an approved information format. If you want to use a different format, send us a written request with justification.

(b) Within 45 days after the end of each calendar quarter, send us reports containing the test data from each engine for which testing was completed during the calendar quarter. Alternatively, you may separately send us the test data within 30 days after you complete testing for an engine. If you request it, we may allow additional time to send us this information. Once you send us information under this section, you need not send that information again in later reports. Prepare your test reports as follows:

(1) For each engine family, describe how you recruited vehicles. Describe how you used any criteria or thresholds to narrow your search or to screen individual vehicles.

(2) Include a summary of the candidate vehicles you have rejected and the reasons you rejected them, whether you base the rejection on the criteria in §86.1908(a) or anything else. If you rejected a candidate vehicle due to misfueling, included the results of any fuel sample tests.

(3) For the test vehicle, include the following background information:

(i) The EPA engine-family designation, and the engine's model number, total displacement, and power rating.

(ii) The applicable test phase (Phase 1 or Phase 2).

(iii) The date EPA selected the engine family for testing.

(iv) The vehicle's make and model and the year it was built.

(v) The vehicle identification number and engine serial number.

(vi) The vehicle's type or application (such as delivery, line haul, or dump truck). Also, identify the type of trailer, if applicable.

(vii) The vehicle's maintenance and use history.

(viii) The known status history of the vehicle's OBD system and any actions the owner or operator took to address OBD trouble codes or MIL illumination over the vehicle's lifetime.

(ix) Any OBD codes or MIL illumination that occur after you accept the vehicle for in-use testing under this subpart.

(x) Any steps you take to maintain, adjust, modify, or repair the vehicle or its engine to prepare for or continue testing, including actions to address OBD trouble codes or MIL illumination. Include any steps you took to drain and refill the vehicle's fuel tank(s) to correct misfueling, and the results of any fuel test conducted to identify misfueling.

(4) For each test, include the following data and measurements:

(i) The date and time of testing, and the test number.

(ii) Shift-days of testing (see§86.1910 (g)), duration of testing, and the total hours of non-idle operation.

(iii) Route and location of testing. You may base this description on the output from a global-positioning system.

(iv) The steps you took to ensure that vehicle operation during testing was consistent with normal operation and use, as described in §86.1910(e).

(v) Fuel test results, if fuel was tested under §86.1908 or §86.1910.

(vi) The vehicle's mileage at the start of the test. Include the engine's total lifetime hours of operation, if available.

(vii) Ambient temperature, dewpoint, and atmospheric pressure at the start and finish of each valid NTE event.

(viii) The number of valid NTE events (see§86.1912(b)).

(ix) Average emissions for each pollutant over each valid NTE event. Describe the method you used to determine NMHC as specified in 40 CFR part 1065, subpart J. See appendix I of this subpart for an example of graphically summarizing NTE emission results.

(x) Exhaust-flow measurements.

(xi) Vehicle-pass ratios (see§86.1912(d)).

(xii) Recorded one-hertz test data, including, but not limited to, the following parameters:

(A) Ambient temperature.

(B) Ambient pressure.

(C) Ambient humidity.

(D) Altitude.

(E) Emissions of THC, NMHC, CO, CO₂ or O₂, and NO_X (as appropriate). Report results for PM if it was measured in a manner that provides one-hertz test data. Report results for CH₄ if it was measured and used to determine NMHC.

(F) Differential back-pressure of any PEMS attachments to vehicle exhaust.

(G) Exhaust flow.

(H) Exhaust aftertreatment temperatures, if the engine meets the specifications of §86.1370-2007(g).

(I) Engine speed.

(J) Engine brake torque.

(K) Engine coolant temperature.

(L) Intake manifold temperature.

(M) Intake manifold pressure.

(N) Throttle position.

(O) Any parameter sensed or controlled in order to modulate the emission-control system or fuel-injection timing.

(5) For each engine family, identify the applicable requirements, as follows:

(i) The applicable NTE thresholds.

(ii) Vehicle and engine information needed to identify the limited testing regions under §86.1370-2007(b)(6) and (7).

(iii) Vehicle and engine information needed to identify any approved NTE deficiencies under §86.007-11(a)(4)(iv).

(6) Include the following summary information after you complete testing with the engine:

(i) State whether the engine meets the vehicle-pass criteria in §86.1912(f).

(ii) Identify how many engines you have tested from the applicable engine family and how many engines still need to be tested.

(iii) Identify how many engines from an engine family have passed the vehicle-pass criteria and the number that have failed the vehicle-pass criteria (see §86.1912(f)).

(iv) If possible, state the outcome of Phase 1 testing for the engine family based on the criteria in §86.1915(b).

(c) In your reports under this section, you must do all the following:

(1) Include results from all emission testing required under this subpart.

(2) Describe if any testing or evaluations were conducted to determine why a vehicle failed the vehicle-pass criteria in §86.1912.

(3) Describe the purpose of any diagnostic procedures you conduct.

(4) Describe any instances in which the OBD system illuminated the MIL or set trouble codes. Also describe any approved actions taken to address the trouble codes or MIL.

(5) Describe any instances of misfueling, the approved actions taken to address the problem, and the results of any associated fuel sample testing.

(6) Describe any incomplete or invalid tests that were conducted under this subpart.

(d) Send us an electronic notification at inuse@epa.gov describing any voluntary vehicle/engine emission evaluation testing you intend to conduct with portable in-use measurement systems on the same engine families that are being tested under this subpart, from the time that engine family was selected for in-use testing under §86.1905 until the final results of all testing for that engine family are reported to us under this section.

(e) Send us an electronic notification at application-ci_cert@epa.gov within 15 days after your initial review of the test data for a selected engine family indicates that three engines in Phase 1 testing have failed to comply with the vehicle-pass criteria. Similarly, send us an electronic notification at the above electronic address within 3 days after your initial review of the test data for a selected engine family indicates that any engine in Phase 2 testing failed to comply with the vehicle-pass criteria.

(f) We may ask you to send us less information in your reports than we specify in this section.

(g) We may require you to send us more information to evaluate whether your engine family meets the requirements of this part, or to help inform potential decisions concerning Phase 2 testing under §86.1915.

[70 FR 34619, June 14, 2005, as amended at 75 FR 68460, Nov. 8, 2010; 81 FR 73999, Oct. 25, 2016]

§86.1925 What records must I keep?

(a) Organize and maintain your records as described in this section. We may review your records at any time, so it is important to keep required information readily available.

(b) Keep the following paper or electronic records of your in-use testing for five years after you complete all the testing required for an engine family:

(1) Keep a copy of the reports described in §86.1920.

(2) Keep any additional records, including forms you create, related to any of the following:

(i) The procurement and vehicle-selection process described in §86.1908, including the vehicle owner's name, address, phone number, and e-mail address.

(ii) Pre-test maintenance and adjustments to the engine performed under §86.1910.

(iii) Test results for all void, incomplete, and voluntary testing described in §86.1920.

(iv) Evaluations to determine why a vehicle failed the vehicle-pass criteria described in §86.1912.

(3) Keep a copy of the relevant calibration results required by 40 CFR part 1065.

§86.1930 What special provisions apply from 2005 through 2010?

(a) We may direct you to test engines under this subpart for emissions other than PM in 2005 and 2006, and for PM emissions in 2007 through 2010. In those interim periods, all the provisions of this subpart apply, except as specified in this paragraph (a). You may apply the exceptions identified in this section for both years of the applicable years for emissions other than PM. You may omit testing and reporting in two of the four applicable years for PM emissions.

(1) We will select engine families for testing of emissions other than PM only when the manufacturer's Statement of Compliance specifically describes the family as being designed to comply with NTE requirements.

(2) We will not direct you to do the Phase 2 testing in §86.1915(c), regardless of measured emission levels.

(3) For purposes of calculating the NTE thresholds under §86.1912(a) for any 2006 and earlier model year engine that is not subject to the emission standards in §86.007-11, determine the applicable NTE standards as follows:

(i) If any numerical NTE requirements specified in the terms of any consent decree apply to the engine family, use those values as the NTE standards for testing under this subpart.

(ii) If a numerical NTE requirement is not specified in a consent decree for the engine family, the NTE standards are 1.25 times the applicable FELs or the applicable emission standards specified in §86.004-11(a)(1) or §86.098-11(a)(1).

(4) In the report required in §86.1920(b), you must submit the deficiencies and limited testing region reports (see §§86.007-11(a)(4)(iv) and 86.1370-2007(b)(6) and (7)) for 2006 and earlier model year engines tested under this section.

(5) You must notify the Designated Compliance Officer by September 30, 2010 whether or not you will submit test reports for PM emissions for each of the four years from 2007 through 2010. See 40 CFR 1068.30 for the contact information for the Designated Compliance Officer.

(6) You must submit reports by the deadlines specified in paragraph (b) of this section.

(b) The following deadlines apply for reporting test results under this subpart:

(1) You must complete all the required testing and reporting under this subpart related to emissions other than PM by the following dates:

(i) November 30, 2007 for engine families that we designate for testing in 2005.

(ii) November 30, 2008 for engine families that we designate for testing in 2006.

(iii) November 30, 2009 for engine families that we designate for testing in 2007.

(iv) March 31, 2010 for engine families we designate for testing in 2008.

(v) April 30, 2011 for engine families we designate for testing in 2009.

(2) You must complete all the required testing and reporting under this subpart related to PM emissions by the following dates:

(i) May 31, 2010 for engine families that we designate for testing in 2007.

(ii) September 30, 2010 for engine families we designate for testing in 2008.

(iii) April 30, 2011 for engine families we designate for testing in 2009.

(iv) November 30, 2011 for engine families we designate for testing in 2009.

(c) For 2007 through 2009 all the provisions of this subpart and paragraph (a) of this section apply, with the following additional exceptions:

(1) You must complete all the required testing and reporting under this subpart by the following dates:

(i) November 30, 2009 for engine families that we designate for non-PM testing in 2007.

(ii) March 31, 2010 for engine families that we designate for non-PM testing in 2008.

(iii) April 30, 2011 for engine families that we designate for non-PM testing in 2009.

(2) You may conduct non-PM and PM testing on different vehicles for engine families that we designate in 2007 and 2008.

(3) You may conduct PM testing as follows for 2007:

(i) Test vehicles may be selected from a vehicle fleet that you own or otherwise directly control.

(ii) Test vehicles may be operated by a driver that you employ.

(iii) Each test vehicle must be operated on a route and under operating conditions that reasonably replicate the use of the selected vehicle type when operated in typical revenue service, unless otherwise approved by us.

[70 FR 34619, June 14, 2005, as amended at 73 FR 13451, Mar. 13, 2008; 75 FR 68460, Nov. 8, 2010]

Appendix I to Subpart T of Part 86 - Sample Graphical Summary of NTE Emission Results

The following figure shows an example of a graphical summary of NTE emission results: