None

(a) Summary. The owner or operator of a new or existing affected source or emission unit must monitor all control equipment and processes according to the requirements in this section. Monitoring requirements for each type of affected source and emission unit are summarized in Table 3 to this subpart. Area sources are subject to monitoring requirements for those affected sources listed in §63.1500(c)(1) through (4) of this subpart, and associated control equipment as required by paragraphs (b) through (k), (n) through (q), and (s) through (w) of this section, including but not limited to:

(1) The OM&M plan required in paragraph (b) of this section pertaining to each affected source listed in §63.1500(c)(1) through (4) of this subpart,

(2) The labeling requirements described in paragraph (c) of this section pertaining to group 1 furnaces processing other than clean charge, and scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kilns,

(3) The requirements for capture and collection described in paragraph (d) of this section for each controlled affected source (i.e., affected sources with an add-on air pollution control device), listed in §63.1500(c)(1) through (4) of this subpart,

(4) The feed/charge weight monitoring requirements described in paragraph (e) of this section applicable to group 1 furnaces processing other than clean charge, scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kilns and thermal chip dryers,

(5) The bag leak detection system requirements described in paragraph (f) of this section applicable to all bag leak detection systems installed on fabric filters and lime injected fabric filters used to control each affected source listed in §63.1500(c)(1)-(4) of this subpart,

(6) The requirements for afterburners described in paragraph (g) of this section applicable to sweat furnaces, thermal chip dryers, and scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kilns,

(7) The requirements for monitoring fabric filter inlet temperature described in paragraph (h) of this section for all lime injected fabric filters used to control group 1 furnaces processing other than clean charge, sweat furnaces and scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kilns,

(8) The requirements for monitoring lime injection described in paragraph (i) of this section applicable to all lime injected fabric filters used to control emissions from group 1 furnaces processing other than clean charge, thermal chip dryers, sweat furnaces and scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kilns,

(9) The requirements for monitoring total reactive flux injection described in paragraph (j) of this section for all group 1 furnaces processing other than clean charge,

(10) The requirements described in paragraph (k) of this section for thermal chip dryers,

(11) The requirements described in paragraph (n) of this section for controlled group 1 sidewell furnaces processing other than clean charge,

(12) The requirements described in paragraph (o) of this section for uncontrolled group 1 sidewell furnaces processing other than clean charge,

(13) The requirements described in paragraph (p) of this section for scrap inspection programs for uncontrolled group 1 furnaces,

(14) The requirements described in paragraph (q) of this section for monitoring scrap contamination level for uncontrolled group 1 furnaces,

(15) The requirements described in paragraph (s) of this section for secondary aluminum processing units, limited to compliance with limits for emissions of D/F from group 1 furnaces processing other than clean charge,

(16) The requirements described in paragraph (t) of this section for secondary aluminum processing units limited to compliance with limits for emissions of D/F from group 1 furnaces processing other than clean charge,

(17) The requirements described in paragraph (u) of this section for secondary aluminum processing units limited to compliance with limits for emissions of D/F from group 1 furnaces processing other than clean charge,

(18) The requirements described in paragraph (v) of this section for alternative lime addition monitoring methods applicable to lime-injected fabric filters used to control emissions from group 1 furnaces processing other than clean charge, thermal chip dryers, sweat furnaces and scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kilns, and

(19) The requirements described in paragraph (w) of this section for approval of alternate methods for monitoring group 1 furnaces processing other than clean charge, thermal chip dryers, scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kilns and sweat furnaces and associated control devices for the control of D/F emissions.

(b) Operation, maintenance, and monitoring (OM&M) plan. The owner or operator must prepare and implement for each new or existing affected source and emission unit, a written OM&M plan. The owner or operator of an existing affected source must submit the OM&M plan to the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources no later than the compliance date established by §63.1501. The owner or operator of any new affected source must submit the OM&M plan to the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources within 90 days after a successful initial performance test under §63.1511(b), or within 90 days after the compliance date established by §63.1501 if no initial performance test is required. The plan must be accompanied by a written certification by the owner or operator that the OM&M plan satisfies all requirements of this section and is otherwise consistent with the requirements of this subpart. The owner or operator must comply with all of the provisions of the OM&M plan as submitted to the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources, unless and until the plan is revised in accordance with the following procedures. If the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources determines at any time after receipt of the OM&M plan that any revisions of the plan are necessary to satisfy the requirements of this section or this subpart, the owner or operator must promptly make all necessary revisions and resubmit the revised plan. If the owner or operator determines that any other revisions of the OM&M plan are necessary, such revisions will not become effective until the owner or operator submits a description of the changes and a revised plan incorporating them to the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources. Each plan must contain the following information:

(1) Process and control device parameters to be monitored to determine compliance, along with established operating levels or ranges, as applicable, for each process and control device.

(2) A monitoring schedule for each affected source and emission unit.

(3) Procedures for the proper operation and maintenance of each process unit and add-on control device used to meet the applicable emission limits or standards in §63.1505.

(4) Procedures for the proper operation and maintenance of monitoring devices or systems used to determine compliance, including:

(i) Calibration and certification of accuracy of each monitoring device, at least once every 6 months, according to the manufacturer's instructions; and

(ii) Procedures for the quality control and quality assurance of continuous emission or opacity monitoring systems as required by the general provisions in subpart A of this part.

(5) Procedures for monitoring process and control device parameters, including lime injection rates, procedures for annual inspections of afterburners, and if applicable, the procedure to be used for determining charge/feed (or throughput) weight if a measurement device is not used.

(6) Corrective actions to be taken when process or operating parameters or add-on control device parameters deviate from the value or range established in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, including:

(i) Procedures to determine and record the cause of any deviation or excursion, and the time the deviation or excursion began and ended; and

(ii) Procedures for recording the corrective action taken, the time corrective action was initiated, and the time/date corrective action was completed.

(7) A maintenance schedule for each process and control device that is consistent with the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations for routine and long-term maintenance.

(8) Documentation of the work practice and pollution prevention measures used to achieve compliance with the applicable emission limits and a site-specific monitoring plan as required in paragraph (o) of this section for each group 1 furnace not equipped with an add-on air pollution control device.

(9) Procedures to be followed when changing furnace classifications under the provisions of §63.1514.

(c) Labeling. The owner or operator must inspect the labels for each group 1 furnace, group 2 furnace, in-line fluxer and scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kiln at least once per calendar month to confirm that posted labels as required by the operational standard in §63.1506(b) are intact and legible.

(d) Capture/collection system. The owner or operator must:

(1) Install, operate, and maintain a capture/collection system for each affected source and emission unit equipped with an add-on air pollution control device; and

(2) Inspect each capture/collection and closed vent system at least once each calendar year to ensure that each system is operating in accordance with the operating requirements in §63.1506(c) and record the results of each inspection. This inspection shall include a volumetric flow rate measurement taken at a location in the ductwork downstream of the hoods that is representative of the actual volumetric flow rate without interference due to leaks, ambient air added for cooling or ducts from other hoods. The flow rate measurement must be performed in accordance with paragraphs (d)(2)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this section. As an alternative to the flow rate measurement specified in this paragraph, the inspection may satisfy the requirements of this paragraph, including the operating requirements in §63.1506(c), by including permanent total enclosure verification in accordance with paragraph (d)(2)(i) or (iv) of this section. Inspections that fail to successfully demonstrate that the requirements of §63.1506(c) are met, must be followed by repair or adjustment to the system operating conditions and a follow up inspection within 45 days to demonstrate that §63.1506(c) requirements are fully met.

(i) Conduct annual flow rate measurements using EPA Methods 1 and 2 in appendix A to 40 CFR part 60, or conduct annual verification of a permanent total enclosure using EPA Method 204; or you may follow one of the three alternate procedures described in paragraphs (ii), (iii), or (iv) of this section to maintain system operations in accordance with an operating limit established during the performance test. The operating limit is determined as the average reading of a parametric monitoring instrument (Magnehelic®, manometer, anemometer, or other parametric monitoring instrument) and technique as described in paragraphs (d)(2)(ii), (iii), and (iv) of this section. A deviation, as defined in paragraphs (ii), (iii), and (iv) of this section, from the parametric monitoring operating limit requires the owner or operator to make repairs or adjustments to restore normal operation within 45 days.

(ii) As an alternative to annual flow rate measurements using EPA Methods 1 and 2, measurement with EPA Methods 1 and 2 can be performed once every 5 years, provided that:

(A) A flow rate indicator consisting of a pitot tube and differential pressure gauge (Magnehelic®, manometer or other differential pressure gauge) is installed with the pitot tube tip located at a representative point of the duct proximate to the location of the Methods 1 and 2 measurement site; and

(B) The flow rate indicator is installed and operated in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications; and

(C) The differential pressure is recorded during the Method 2 performance test series; and

(D) Daily differential pressure readings are made by taking three measurements with at least 5 minutes between each measurement and averaging the three measurements; and readings are recorded daily and maintained at or above 90 percent of the average pressure differential indicated by the flow rate indicator during the most recent Method 2 performance test series; and

(E) An inspection of the pitot tube and associated lines for damage, plugging, leakage and operational integrity is conducted at least once per year; or

(iii) As an alternative to annual flow rate measurements using EPA Methods 1 and 2, measurement with EPA Methods 1 and 2 can be performed once every 5 years, provided that:

(A) Daily measurements of the capture and collection system's fan revolutions per minute (RPM) or fan motor amperage (amps) are made by taking three measurements with at least 5 minutes between each measurement, and averaging the three measurements; and readings are recorded daily and maintained at or above 90 percent of the average RPM or amps measured during the most recent Method 2 performance test series; or

(B) A static pressure measurement device is installed in the duct immediately downstream of the hood exit, and daily pressure readings are made by taking three measurements with at least 5 minutes between each measurement, and averaging the three measurements; and readings are recorded daily and maintained at 90 percent or better of the average vacuum recorded during the most recent Method 2 performance test series; or

(C) A hotwire anemometer, ultrasonic flow meter, cross-duct pressure differential sensor, venturi pressure differential monitoring or orifice plate equipped with an associated thermocouple and automated data logging software and associated hardware is installed; and daily readings are made by taking three measurements with at least 5 minutes between each measurement, and averaging the three measurements; and readings are recorded daily and maintained at 90 percent or greater of the average readings during the most recent Method 2 performance test series; or

(D) For booth-type hoods, hotwire anemometer measurements of hood face velocity are performed simultaneously with EPA Method 1 and 2 measurements, and the annual hood face velocity measurements confirm that the enclosure draft is maintained at 90 percent or greater of the average readings during the most recent Method 2 performance test series. Daily readings are made by taking three measurements with at least 5 minutes between each measurement, and averaging the three measurements; and readings are recorded daily and maintained at 90 percent or greater of the average readings during the most recent Method 1 and 2 performance test series.

(iv) As an alternative to the annual verification of a permanent total enclosure using EPA Method 204, verification can be performed once every 5 years, provided that:

(A) Negative pressure in the enclosure is directly monitored by a pressure indicator installed at a representative location;

(B) Pressure readings are recorded daily or the system is interlocked to halt material feed should the system not operate under negative pressure;

(C) An inspection of the pressure indicator for damage and operational integrity is conducted at least once per calendar year.

(3) For sweat furnaces, in lieu of paragraph (d)(2) of this section, the owner or operator of a sweat furnace may inspect each sweat furnace at least once each calendar year to ensure that they are being operated in accordance with the negative air flow requirements in §63.1506(c)(4). The owner or operator of a sweat furnace must demonstrate negative air flow into the sweat furnace in accordance with paragraphs (d)(3)(i) through (iii) of this section.

(i) Perform an annual visual smoke test to demonstrate airflow into the sweat furnace or towards the plane of the sweat furnace opening;

(ii) Perform the smoke test using a smoke source, such as a smoke tube, smoke stick, smoke cartridge, smoke candle or other smoke source that produces a persistent and neutral buoyancy aerosol; and

(iii) Perform the visual smoke test at a safe distance from and near the center of the sweat furnace opening.

(e) Feed/charge weight. The owner or operator of an affected source or emission unit subject to an emission limit in kg/Mg (lb/ton) or µg/Mg (gr/ton) of feed/charge must install, calibrate, operate, and maintain a device to measure and record the total weight of feed/charge to, or the aluminum production from, the affected source or emission unit over the same operating cycle or time period used in the performance test. Feed/charge or aluminum production within SAPUs must be measured and recorded on an emission unit-by-emission unit basis. As an alternative to a measurement device, the owner or operator may use a procedure acceptable to the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources to determine the total weight of feed/charge or aluminum production to the affected source or emission unit.

(1) The accuracy of the weight measurement device or procedure must be ±1 percent of the weight being measured. The owner or operator may apply to the permitting agency for approval to use a device of alternative accuracy if the required accuracy cannot be achieved as a result of equipment layout or charging practices. A device of alternative accuracy will not be approved unless the owner or operator provides assurance through data and information that the affected source will meet the relevant emission standard.

(2) The owner or operator must verify the calibration of the weight measurement device in accordance with the schedule specified by the manufacturer, or if no calibration schedule is specified, at least once every 6 months.

(f) Fabric filters and lime-injected fabric filters. The owner or operator of an affected source or emission unit using a fabric filter or lime-injected fabric filter to comply with the requirements of this subpart must install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate a bag leak detection system as required in paragraph (f)(1) of this section or a continuous opacity monitoring system as required in paragraph (f)(2) of this section. The owner or operator of an aluminum scrap shredder must install and operate a bag leak detection system as required in paragraph (f)(1) of this section, install and operate a continuous opacity monitoring system as required in paragraph (f)(2) of this section, or conduct visible emission observations as required in paragraph (f)(3) of this section.

(1) These requirements apply to the owner or operator of a new or existing affected source or existing emission unit using a bag leak detection system.

(i) The owner or operator must install and operate a bag leak detection system for each exhaust stack of a fabric filter.

(ii) Each bag leak detection system must be installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the manufacturer's operating instructions.

(iii) The bag leak detection system must be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting PM emissions at concentrations of 10 milligrams per actual cubic meter (0.0044 grains per actual cubic foot) or less.

(iv) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide output of relative or absolute PM loadings.

(v) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with a device to continuously record the output signal from the sensor.

(vi) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with an alarm system that will sound automatically when an increase in relative PM emissions over a preset level is detected. The alarm must be located where it is easily heard by plant operating personnel.

(vii) For positive pressure fabric filter systems, a bag leak detection system must be installed in each baghouse compartment or cell. For negative pressure or induced air fabric filters, the bag leak detector must be installed downstream of the fabric filter.

(viii) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.

(ix) The baseline output must be established by adjusting the range and the averaging period of the device and establishing the alarm set points and the alarm delay time.

(x) Following initial adjustment of the system, the owner or operator must not adjust the sensitivity or range, averaging period, alarm set points, or alarm delay time except as detailed in the OM&M plan. In no case may the sensitivity be increased by more than 100 percent or decreased more than 50 percent over a 365-day period unless such adjustment follows a complete fabric filter inspection which demonstrates that the fabric filter is in good operating condition.

(2) These requirements apply to the owner or operator of a new or existing affected source or an existing emission unit using a continuous opacity monitoring system.

(i) The owner or operator must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous opacity monitoring system to measure and record the opacity of emissions exiting each exhaust stack.

(ii) Each continuous opacity monitoring system must meet the design and installation requirements of Performance Specification 1 in appendix B to 40 CFR part 60.

(3) These requirements apply to the owner or operator of a new or existing aluminum scrap shredder who conducts visible emission observations. The owner or operator must:

(i) Perform a visible emissions test for each aluminum scrap shredder using a certified observer at least once a day according to the requirements of Method 9 in appendix A to 40 CFR part 60. Each Method 9 test must consist of five 6-minute observations in a 30-minute period; and

(ii) Record the results of each test.

(4) As an alternative to the requirements of paragraph (f)(3) of this section, the owner or operator of a new or existing aluminum scrap shredder may measure the opacity of the emissions discharged through a stack or stacks using ASTM Method D7520-13 (incorporated by reference, see §63.14) subject to the requirements of paragraphs §63.1510(f)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section. Each test must consist of five 6-minute observations in a 30-minute period.

(i) During the digital camera opacity technique (DCOT) certification procedure outlined in Section 9.2 of ASTM D7520-13, the owner or operator or the DCOT vendor must present the plumes in front of various backgrounds of color and contrast representing conditions anticipated during field use such as blue sky, trees, and mixed backgrounds (clouds and/or a sparse tree stand).

(ii) The owner or operator must also have standard operating procedures in place including daily or other frequency quality checks to ensure that equipment is within manufacturing specifications as outlined in Section 8.1 of ASTM D7520-13.

(iii) The owner or operator must follow the recordkeeping procedures outlined in §63.10(b)(1) for DCOT certification, compliance report, data sheets and all raw unaltered JPEGs used for opacity and certification determination.

(iv) The owner or operator or the DCOT vendor must have a minimum of four (4) independent technology users apply the software to determine the visible opacity of the 300 certification plumes. For each set of 25 plumes, the user may not exceed 15 percent opacity on any one reading and the average error must not exceed 7.5 percent opacity.

(g) Afterburner. These requirements apply to the owner or operator of an affected source using an afterburner to comply with the requirements of this subpart.

(1) The owner or operator must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a device to continuously monitor and record the operating temperature of the afterburner consistent with the requirements for continuous monitoring systems in subpart A of this part.

(2) The temperature monitoring device must meet each of these performance and equipment specifications:

(i) The temperature monitoring device must be installed at the exit of the combustion zone of each afterburner.

(ii) The monitoring system must record the temperature in 15-minute block averages and determine and record the average temperature for each 3-hour block period.

(iii) The recorder response range must include zero and 1.5 times the average temperature established according to the requirements in §63.1512(m).

(iv) The reference method must be a National Institute of Standards and Technology calibrated reference thermocouple-potentiometer system or alternate reference, subject to approval by the Administrator.

(3) The owner or operator must conduct an inspection of each afterburner at least once a year and record the results. At a minimum, an inspection must include:

(i) Inspection of all burners, pilot assemblies, and pilot sensing devices for proper operation and clean pilot sensor;

(ii) Inspection for proper adjustment of combustion air;

(iii) Inspection of internal structures (e.g., baffles) to ensure structural integrity;

(iv) Inspection of dampers, fans, and blowers for proper operation;

(v) Inspection for proper sealing;

(vi) Inspection of motors for proper operation;

(vii) Inspection of combustion chamber refractory lining and clean and replace lining as necessary;

(viii) Inspection of afterburner shell for corrosion and/or hot spots;

(ix) Documentation, for the burn cycle that follows the inspection, that the afterburner is operating properly and any necessary adjustments have been made; and

(x) Verification that the equipment is maintained in good operating condition.

(xi) Following an equipment inspection, all necessary repairs must be completed in accordance with the requirements of the OM&M plan.

(h) Fabric filter inlet temperature. These requirements apply to the owner or operator of a scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kiln or a group 1 furnace using a lime-injected fabric filter to comply with the requirements of this subpart.

(1) The owner or operator must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a device to continuously monitor and record the temperature of the fabric filter inlet gases consistent with the requirements for continuous monitoring systems in subpart A of this part.

(2) The temperature monitoring device must meet each of these performance and equipment specifications:

(i) The monitoring system must record the temperature in 15-minute block averages and calculate and record the average temperature for each 3-hour block period.

(ii) The recorder response range must include zero and 1.5 times the average temperature established according to the requirements in §63.1512(n).

(iii) The reference method must be a National Institute of Standards and Technology calibrated reference thermocouple-potentiometer system or alternate reference, subject to approval by the Administrator.

(i) Lime injection. These requirements apply to the owner or operator of an affected source or emission unit using a lime-injected fabric filter to comply with the requirements of this subpart.

(1) The owner or operator of a continuous lime injection system must verify that lime is always free-flowing by either:

(i) Inspecting each feed hopper or silo at least once each 8-hour period and recording the results of each inspection. If lime is found not to be free-flowing during any of the 8-hour periods, the owner or operator must increase the frequency of inspections to at least once every 4-hour period for the next 3 days. The owner or operator may return to inspections at least once every 8 hour period if corrective action results in no further blockages of lime during the 3-day period; or

(ii) Subject to the approval of the permitting agency, installing, operating and maintaining a load cell, carrier gas/lime flow indicator, carrier gas pressure drop measurement system or other system to confirm that lime is free-flowing. If lime is found not to be free-flowing, the owner or operator must promptly initiate and complete corrective action, or

(iii) Subject to the approval of the permitting agency, installing, operating and maintaining a device to monitor the concentration of HCl at the outlet of the fabric filter. If an increase in the concentration of HCl indicates that the lime is not free-flowing, the owner or operator must promptly initiate and complete corrective action.

(2) The owner or operator of a continuous lime injection system must record the lime feeder setting once each day of operation.

(3) An owner or operator who intermittently adds lime to a lime-injected fabric filter must obtain approval from the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources for a lime addition monitoring procedure. The permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources will not approve a monitoring procedure unless data and information are submitted establishing that the procedure is adequate to ensure that relevant emission standards will be met on a continuous basis.

(4) At least once per month, verify that the lime injection rate in pounds per hour (lb/hr) is no less than 90 percent of the lime injection rate used to demonstrate compliance during your most recent performance test. If the monthly check of the lime injection rate is below the 90 percent, the owner or operator must repair or adjust the lime injection system to restore normal operation within 45 days. The owner or operator may request from the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources, an extension of up to an additional 45 days to demonstrate that the lime injection rate is no less than 90 percent of the lime injection rate used to demonstrate compliance during the most recent performance test. In the event that a lime feeder is repaired or replaced, the feeder must be calibrated, and the feed rate must be restored to the lb/hr feed rate operating limit established during the most recent performance test within 45 days. The owner or operator may request from the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources, an extension of up to an additional 45 days to complete the repair or replacement and establishing a new setting. The repair or replacement, and the establishment of the new feeder setting(s) must be documented in accordance with the recordkeeping requirements of §63.1517.

(j) Total reactive flux injection rate. These requirements apply to the owner or operator of a group 1 furnace (with or without add-on air pollution control devices) or in-line fluxer. The owner or operator must:

(1) Install, calibrate, operate, and maintain a device to continuously measure and record the weight of gaseous or liquid reactive flux injected to each affected source or emission unit.

(i) The monitoring system must record the weight for each 15-minute block period, during which reactive fluxing occurs, over the same operating cycle or time period used in the performance test.

(ii) The accuracy of the weight measurement device must be ±1 percent of the weight of the reactive component of the flux being measured. The owner or operator may apply to the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources for permission to use a weight measurement device of alternative accuracy in cases where the reactive flux flow rates are so low as to make the use of a weight measurement device of ±1 percent impracticable. A device of alternative accuracy will not be approved unless the owner or operator provides assurance through data and information that the affected source will meet the relevant emission standards.

(iii) The owner or operator must verify the calibration of the weight measurement device in accordance with the schedule specified by the manufacturer, or if no calibration schedule is specified, at least once every 6 months.

(2) Calculate and record the gaseous or liquid reactive flux injection rate (kg/Mg or lb/ton) for each operating cycle or time period used in the performance test using the procedure in §63.1512(o).

(3) Record, for each 15-minute block period during each operating cycle or time period used in the performance test during which reactive fluxing occurs, the time, weight, and type of flux for each addition of:

(i) Gaseous or liquid reactive flux other than chlorine; and

(ii) Solid reactive flux.

(4) Calculate and record the total reactive flux injection rate for each operating cycle or time period used in the performance test using the procedure in §63.1512(o). For solid flux that is added intermittently, record the amount added for each operating cycle or time period used in the performance test using the procedures in §63.1512(o).

(5) The owner or operator of a group 1 furnace or in-line fluxer performing reactive fluxing may apply to the Administrator for approval of an alternative method for monitoring and recording the total reactive flux addition rate based on monitoring the weight or quantity of reactive flux per ton of feed/charge for each operating cycle or time period used in the performance test. An alternative monitoring method will not be approved unless the owner or operator provides assurance through data and information that the affected source will meet the relevant emission standards on a continuous basis.

(k) Thermal chip dryer. These requirements apply to the owner or operator of a thermal chip dryer with emissions controlled by an afterburner. The owner or operator must:

(1) Record the type of materials charged to the unit for each operating cycle or time period used in the performance test.

(2) Submit a certification of compliance with the applicable operational standard for charge materials in §63.1506(f)(3) for each 6-month reporting period. Each certification must contain the information in §63.1516(b)(2)(i).

(l) Dross-only furnace. These requirements apply to the owner or operator of a dross-only furnace. The owner or operator must:

(1) Record the materials charged to each unit for each operating cycle or time period used in the performance test.

(2) Submit a certification of compliance with the applicable operational standard for charge materials in §63.1506(i)(3) for each 6-month reporting period. Each certification must contain the information in §63.1516(b)(2)(ii).

(m) In-line fluxers using no reactive flux. The owner or operator of an in-line fluxer that uses no reactive flux materials must submit a certification of compliance with the operational standard for no reactive flux materials in §63.1506(l) for each 6-month reporting period. Each certification must contain the information in §63.1516(b)(2)(vi).

(n) Sidewell group 1 furnace with add-on air pollution control devices. These requirements apply to the owner or operator of a sidewell group 1 furnace using add-on air pollution control devices. The owner or operator must:

(1) Record in an operating log for each tap of a sidewell furnace whether the level of molten metal was above the top of the passage between the sidewell and hearth during reactive flux injection, unless the furnace hearth was also equipped with an add-on control device. If visual inspection of the molten metal level is not possible, the molten metal level must be determined using physical measurement methods.

(2) Submit a certification of compliance with the operational standards in §63.1506(m)(6) for each 6-month reporting period. Each certification must contain the information in §63.1516(b)(2)(iii).

(o) Group 1 furnace without add-on air pollution control devices. These requirements apply to the owner or operator of a group 1 furnace that is not equipped with an add-on air pollution control device.

(1) The owner or operator must develop, in consultation with the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources, a written site-specific monitoring plan. The site-specific monitoring plan must be submitted to the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources as part of the OM&M plan. The site-specific monitoring plan must contain sufficient procedures to ensure continuing compliance with all applicable emission limits and must demonstrate, based on documented test results, the relationship between emissions of PM, HCl, and D/F (and HF for uncontrolled group 1 furnaces), and the proposed monitoring parameters for each pollutant. Test data must establish the highest level of PM, HCl, and D/F (and HF for uncontrolled group 1 furnaces) that will be emitted from the furnace in accordance with §63.1511(b)(1). If the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources determines that any revisions of the site-specific monitoring plan are necessary to meet the requirements of this section or this subpart, the owner or operator must promptly make all necessary revisions and resubmit the revised plan.

(i) The owner or operator of an existing affected source must submit the site-specific monitoring plan to the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources for review at least 6 months prior to the compliance date.

(ii) The permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources will review and approve or disapprove a proposed plan, or request changes to a plan, based on whether the plan contains sufficient provisions to ensure continuing compliance with applicable emission limits and demonstrates, based on documented test results, the relationship between emissions of PM, HCl, and D/F (and HF for uncontrolled group 1 furnaces) and the proposed monitoring parameters for each pollutant. Test data must establish the highest level of PM, HCl, and D/F (and HF for uncontrolled group 1 furnaces) that will be emitted from the furnace. Subject to approval of the OM&M plan, the highest levels may be determined by conducting performance tests and monitoring operating parameters in accordance with §63.1511(b)(1).

(2) Each site-specific monitoring plan must document each work practice, equipment/design practice, pollution prevention practice, or other measure used to meet the applicable emission standards.

(3) Each site-specific monitoring plan must include provisions for unit labeling as required in paragraph (c) of this section, feed/charge weight measurement (or production weight measurement) as required in paragraph (e) of this section and flux weight measurement as required in paragraph (j) of this section.

(4) Each site-specific monitoring plan for a melting/holding furnace subject to the clean charge emission standard in §63.1505(i)(3) must include these requirements:

(i) The owner or operator must record the type of feed/ charge (e.g., ingot, thermally dried chips, dried scrap, etc.) for each operating cycle or time period used in the performance test; and

(ii) The owner or operator must submit a certification of compliance with the applicable operational standard for clean charge materials in §63.1506(n)(3) for each 6-month reporting period. Each certification must contain the information in §63.1516(b)(2)(iv).

(5) If a continuous emission monitoring system is included in a site-specific monitoring plan, the plan must include provisions for the installation, operation, and maintenance of the system to provide quality-assured measurements in accordance with all applicable requirements of the general provisions in subpart A of this part.

(6) If a continuous opacity monitoring system is included in a site-specific monitoring plan, the plan must include provisions for the installation, operation, and maintenance of the system to provide quality-assured measurements in accordance with all applicable requirements of this subpart.

(7) If a site-specific monitoring plan includes a scrap inspection program for monitoring the scrap contaminant level of furnace feed/charge materials, the plan must include provisions for the demonstration and implementation of the program in accordance with all applicable requirements in paragraph (p) of this section.

(8) If a site-specific monitoring plan includes a calculation method for monitoring the scrap contaminant level of furnace feed/charge materials, the plan must include provisions for the demonstration and implementation of the program in accordance with all applicable requirements in paragraph (q) of this section.

(p) Scrap inspection program for group 1 furnace without add-on air pollution control devices. A scrap inspection program must include:

(1) A proven method for collecting representative samples and measuring the oil and coatings content of scrap samples;

(2) A scrap inspector training program;

(3) An established correlation between visual inspection and physical measurement of oil and coatings content of scrap samples;

(4) Periodic physical measurements of oil and coatings content of randomly-selected scrap samples and comparison with visual inspection results;

(5) A system for assuring that only acceptable scrap is charged to an affected group 1 furnace; and

(6) Recordkeeping requirements to document conformance with plan requirements.

(q) Monitoring of scrap contamination level by calculation method for group 1 furnace without add-on air pollution control devices. The owner or operator of a group 1 furnace dedicated to processing a distinct type of furnace feed/charge composed of scrap with a uniform composition (such as rejected product from a manufacturing process for which the coating-to-scrap ratio can be documented) may include a program in the site-specific monitoring plan for determining, monitoring, and certifying the scrap contaminant level using a calculation method rather than a scrap inspection program. A scrap contaminant monitoring program using a calculation method must include:

(1) Procedures for the characterization and documentation of the contaminant level of the scrap prior to the performance test.

(2) Limitations on the furnace feed/charge to scrap of the same composition as that used in the performance test. If the performance test was conducted with a mixture of scrap and clean charge, limitations on the proportion of scrap in the furnace feed/charge to no greater than the proportion used during the performance test.

(3) Operating, monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements to ensure that no scrap with a contaminant level higher than that used in the performance test is charged to the furnace.

(r) Group 2 furnace. These requirements apply to the owner or operator of a new or existing group 2 furnace. The owner or operator must:

(1) Record a description of the materials charged to each furnace, including any nonreactive, non-HAP-containing/non-HAP-generating fluxing materials or agents.

(2) Submit a certification of compliance with the applicable operational standard for charge materials in §63.1506(o) for each 6-month reporting period. Each certification must contain the information in §63.1516(b)(2)(v).

(s) Site-specific requirements for secondary aluminum processing units. (1) An owner or operator of a secondary aluminum processing unit at a facility must include, within the OM&M plan prepared in accordance with §63.1510(b), the following information:

(i) The identification of each emission unit in the secondary aluminum processing unit;

(ii) The specific control technology or pollution prevention measure to be used for each emission unit in the secondary aluminum processing unit and the date of its installation or application;

(iii) The emission limit calculated for each secondary aluminum processing unit and performance test results with supporting calculations demonstrating initial compliance with each applicable emission limit;

(iv) Information and data demonstrating compliance for each emission unit with all applicable design, equipment, work practice or operational standards of this subpart; and

(v) The monitoring requirements applicable to each emission unit in a secondary aluminum processing unit and the monitoring procedures for daily calculation of the 3-day, 24-hour rolling average using the procedure in §63.1510(t).

(2) The SAPU compliance procedures within the OM&M plan may not contain any of the following provisions:

(i) Any averaging among emissions of differing pollutants;

(ii) The inclusion of any affected sources other than emission units in a secondary aluminum processing unit;

(iii) The inclusion of any emission unit while it is shutdown; or

(iv) The inclusion of any periods of startup or shutdown in emission calculations.

(3) To revise the SAPU compliance provisions within the OM&M plan prior to the end of the permit term, the owner or operator must submit a request to the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources containing the information required by paragraph (s)(1) of this section and obtain approval of the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources prior to implementing any revisions.

(t) Secondary aluminum processing unit. Except as provided in paragraph (u) of this section, the owner or operator must calculate and record the 3-day, 24-hour rolling average emissions of PM, HCl, and D/F (and HF for uncontrolled group 1 furnaces) for each secondary aluminum processing unit on a daily basis. To calculate the 3-day, 24-hour rolling average, the owner or operator must:

(1) Calculate and record the total weight of material charged to each emission unit in the secondary aluminum processing unit for each 24-hour day of operation using the feed/charge weight information required in paragraph (e) of this section. If the owner or operator chooses to comply on the basis of weight of aluminum produced by the emission unit, rather than weight of material charged to the emission unit, all performance test emissions results and all calculations must be conducted on the aluminum production weight basis.

(2) Multiply the total feed/charge weight to the emission unit, or the weight of aluminum produced by the emission unit, for each emission unit for the 24-hour period by the emission rate (in lb/ton of feed/charge) for that emission unit (as determined during the performance test) to provide emissions for each emission unit for the 24-hour period, in pounds.

(i) Where no performance test has been conducted, for a particular emission unit, because the owner of operator has, with the approval of the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources, chosen to determine the emission rate of an emission unit by testing a representative unit, in accordance with §63.1511(f), the owner or operator shall use the emission rate determined from the representative unit in the SAPU emission rate calculation required in §63.1510(t)(4).

(ii) Except as provided in paragraph (t)(2)(iii) of this section, if the owner or operator has not conducted performance tests for HCl (and HF for an uncontrolled group 1 furnace) or for HCl for an in-line fluxer, in accordance with the provisions of §63.1512(d)(3), (e)(3), or (h)(2), the calculation required in §63.1510(t)(4) to determine SAPU-wide HCl and HF emissions shall be made under the assumption that all chlorine contained in reactive flux added to the emission unit is emitted as HCl and all fluorine contained in reactive flux added to the emission unit is emitted as HF.

(iii) Prior to the date by which the initial performance test for HF emissions from uncontrolled group 1 furnaces is conducted, or is required to be conducted, the calculation required in §63.1505(k) to determine the SAPU-wide HF emission limit and the calculation required in §63.1510(t)(4) to determine the SAPU-wide HF emission rate must exclude HF emissions from untested uncontrolled group 1 furnaces and feed/charge processed in untested uncontrolled group 1 furnaces.

(3) Divide the total emissions for each SAPU for the 24-hour period by the total material charged to the SAPU, or the weight of aluminum produced by the SAPU over the 24-hour period to provide the daily emission rate for the SAPU.

(4) Compute the 24-hour daily emission rate using Equation 4:

Where:

E_day = The daily PM, HCl, and D/F (and HF for uncontrolled group 1 furnaces) emission rate for the secondary aluminum processing unit for the 24-hour period;

T_i = The total amount of feed, or aluminum produced, for emission unit i for the 24-hour period (tons or Mg);

ER_i = The measured emission rate for emission unit i as determined in the performance test (lb/ton or µg/Mg of feed/charge); and

n = The number of emission units in the secondary aluminum processing unit.

(5) Calculate and record the 3-day, 24-hour rolling average for each pollutant each day by summing the daily emission rates for each pollutant over the 3 most recent consecutive days and dividing by 3. The SAPU is in compliance with an applicable emission limit if the 3-day, 24-hour rolling average for each pollutant is no greater than the applicable SAPU emission limit determined in accordance with §63.1505(k)(1)-(3).

(u) Secondary aluminum processing unit compliance by individual emission unit demonstration. As an alternative to the procedures of paragraph (t) of this section, an owner or operator may demonstrate, through performance tests, that each individual emission unit within the secondary aluminum production unit is in compliance with the applicable emission limits for the emission unit.

(v) Alternative monitoring method for lime addition. The owner or operator of a lime-coated fabric filter that employs intermittent or noncontinuous lime addition may apply to the Administrator for approval of an alternative method for monitoring the lime addition schedule and rate based on monitoring the weight of lime added per ton of feed/charge for each operating cycle or time period used in the performance test. An alternative monitoring method will not be approved unless the owner or operator provides assurance through data and information that the affected source will meet the relevant emission standards on a continuous basis.

(w) Alternative monitoring methods. If an owner or operator wishes to use an alternative monitoring method to demonstrate compliance with any emission standard in this subpart, other than those alternative monitoring methods which may be authorized pursuant to §63.1510(j)(5) and §63.1510(v), the owner or operator may submit an application to the Administrator. Any such application will be processed according to the criteria and procedures set forth in paragraphs (w)(1) through (6) of this section.

(1) The Administrator will not approve averaging periods other than those specified in this section.

(2) The owner or operator must continue to use the original monitoring requirement until necessary data are submitted and approval is received to use another monitoring procedure.

(3) The owner or operator shall submit the application for approval of alternate monitoring methods no later than the notification of the performance test. The application must contain the information specified in paragraphs (w)(3) (i) through (iii) of this section:

(i) Data or information justifying the request, such as the technical or economic infeasibility, or the impracticality of using the required approach;

(ii) A description of the proposed alternative monitoring requirements, including the operating parameters to be monitored, the monitoring approach and technique, and how the limit is to be calculated; and

(iii) Data and information documenting that the alternative monitoring requirement(s) would provide equivalent or better assurance of compliance with the relevant emission standard(s).

(4) The Administrator will not approve an alternate monitoring application unless it would provide equivalent or better assurance of compliance with the relevant emission standard(s). Before disapproving any alternate monitoring application, the Administrator will provide:

(i) Notice of the information and findings upon which the intended disapproval is based; and

(ii) Notice of opportunity for the owner or operator to present additional supporting information before final action is taken on the application. This notice will specify how much additional time is allowed for the owner or operator to provide additional supporting information.

(5) The owner or operator is responsible for submitting any supporting information in a timely manner to enable the Administrator to consider the application prior to the performance test. Neither submittal of an application nor the Administrator's failure to approve or disapprove the application relieves the owner or operator of the responsibility to comply with any provisions of this subpart.

(6) The Administrator may decide at any time, on a case-by-case basis, that additional or alternative operating limits, or alternative approaches to establishing operating limits, are necessary to demonstrate compliance with the emission standards of this subpart.

[65 FR 15710, Mar. 23, 2000, as amended at 67 FR 59792, Sept. 24, 2002; 67 FR 79816, Dec. 30, 2002; 69 FR 53984, Sept. 3, 2004; 80 FR 56741, Sept. 18, 2015; 81 FR 38087, June 13, 2016]

(a) Site-specific test plan. Prior to conducting any performance test required by this subpart, the owner or operator must prepare a site-specific test plan which satisfies all of the rule requirements, and must obtain approval of the plan pursuant to the procedures set forth in §63.7. Performance tests shall be conducted under such conditions as the Administrator specifies to the owner or operator based on representative performance of the affected source for the period being tested. Upon request, the owner or operator shall make available to the Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.

(b) Initial performance test. Following approval of the site-specific test plan, the owner or operator must demonstrate initial compliance with each applicable emission, equipment, work practice, or operational standard for each affected source and emission unit, and report the results in the notification of compliance status report as described in §63.1515(b). The owner or operator of any affected source constructed before February 14, 2012, for which an initial performance test is required to demonstrate compliance must conduct this initial performance test no later than the date for compliance established by §63.1501. The owner or operator of any affected source constructed or reconstructed after February 14, 2012, for which an initial performance test is required must conduct this initial performance test within 180 days after the date for compliance established by §63.1501. Except for the date by which the performance test must be conducted, the owner or operator must conduct each performance test in accordance with the requirements and procedures set forth in §63.7(c). Owners or operators of affected sources located at facilities which are area sources are subject only to those performance testing requirements pertaining to D/F. Owners or operators of sweat furnaces meeting the specifications of §63.1505(f)(1) are not required to conduct a performance test.

(1) The performance tests must be conducted under representative conditions expected to produce the highest level of HAP emissions expressed in the units of the emission standards for the HAP (considering the extent of feed/charge contamination, reactive flux addition rate and feed/charge rate). If a single test condition is not expected to produce the highest level of emissions for all HAP, testing under two or more sets of conditions (for example high contamination at low feed/charge rate, and low contamination at high feed/charge rate) may be required. Any subsequent performance tests for the purposes of establishing new or revised parametric limits shall be allowed upon pre-approval from the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources. These new parametric settings shall be used to demonstrate compliance for the period being tested.

(2) Each performance test for a continuous process must consist of 3 separate runs; pollutant sampling for each run must be conducted for the time period specified in the applicable method or, in the absence of a specific time period in the test method, for a minimum of 3 hours.

(3) Each performance test for a batch process must consist of three separate runs; pollutant sampling for each run must be conducted over the entire process operating cycle. Additionally, for batch processes where the length of the process operating cycle is not known in advance, and where isokinetic sampling must be conducted based on the procedures in Method 5 in appendix A to part 60, use the following procedure to ensure that sampling is conducted over the entire process operating cycle:

(i) Choose a minimum operating cycle length and begin sampling assuming this minimum length will be the run time (e.g., if the process operating cycle is known to last from four to six hours, then assume a sampling time of four hours and divide the sampling time evenly between the required number of traverse points);

(ii) After each traverse point has been sampled once, begin sampling each point again for the same time per point, in the reverse order, until the operating cycle is complete. All traverse points as required by Method 1 of appendix A to part 60, must be sampled at least once during each test run;

(iii) In order to distribute the sampling time most evenly over all the traverse points, do not perform all runs using the same sampling point order (e.g., if there are four ports and sampling for run 1 began in port 1, then sampling for run 2 could begin in port 4 and continue in reverse order.)

(4) Where multiple affected sources or emission units are exhausted through a common stack, pollutant sampling for each run must be conducted over a period of time during which all affected sources or emission units complete at least 1 entire process operating cycle or for 24 hours, whichever is shorter.

(5) Initial compliance with an applicable emission limit or standard is demonstrated if the average of three runs conducted during the performance test is less than or equal to the applicable emission limit or standard.

(6) Apply paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section for each pollutant separately if a different production rate, charge material or, if applicable, reactive fluxing rate would apply and thereby result in a higher expected emissions rate for that pollutant.

(7) The owner or operator may not conduct performance tests during periods of malfunction.

(c) Test methods. The owner or operator must use the following methods in appendix A to 40 CFR part 60 to determine compliance with the applicable emission limits or standards:

(1) Method 1 for sample and velocity traverses.

(2) Method 2 for velocity and volumetric flow rate.

(3) Method 3 for gas analysis.

(4) Method 4 for moisture content of the stack gas.

(5) Method 5 for the concentration of PM.

(6) Method 9 for visible emission observations.

(7) Method 23 for the concentration of D/F.

(8) Method 25A for the concentration of THC, as propane.

(9) Method 26A for the concentration of HCl and HF. Method 26 may also be used, except at sources where entrained water droplets are present in the emission stream. Where a lime-injected fabric filter is used as the control device to comply with the 90 percent reduction standard, the owner or operator must measure the fabric filter inlet concentration of HCl at a point before lime is introduced to the system.

(d) Alternative methods. The owner or operator may use alternative test methods as provided in paragraphs (d)(1) through (3) of this section.

(1) The owner or operator may use test method ASTM D7520-13 as an alternative to EPA Method 9 subject to conditions described in §63.1510(f)(4).

(2) In lieu of conducting the annual flow rate measurements using Methods 1 and 2, the owner or operator may use Method 204 in Appendix M to 40 CFR part 51 to conduct annual verification of a permanent total enclosure for the affected source/emission unit.

(3) The owner or operator may use an alternative test method approved by the Administrator.

(e) Repeat tests. The owner or operator of new or existing affected sources and emission units located at secondary aluminum production facilities that are major sources must conduct a performance test every 5 years following the initial performance test.

(f) Testing of representative emission units. With the prior approval of the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources, an owner or operator may utilize emission rates obtained by testing a particular type of group 1 furnace that does not have an add-on air pollution control device, or by testing an in-line flux box that does not have an add-on air pollution control device, to determine the emission rate for other units of the same type at the same facility. Such emission test results may only be considered to be representative of other units if all of the following criteria are satisfied:

(1) The tested emission unit must use feed materials and charge rates which are comparable to the emission units that it represents;

(2) The tested emission unit must use the same type of flux materials in the same proportions as the emission units it represents;

(3) The tested emission unit must be operated utilizing the same work practices as the emission units that it represents;

(4) The tested emission unit must be of the same design as the emission units that it represents; and

(5) The tested emission unit must be tested under the highest load or capacity reasonably expected to occur for any of the emission units that it represents.

(6) All 3 separate runs of a performance test must be conducted on the same emission unit.

(g) Establishment of monitoring and operating parameter values. The owner or operator of new or existing affected sources and emission units must establish a minimum or maximum operating parameter value, or an operating parameter range for each parameter to be monitored as required by §63.1510 that ensures compliance with the applicable emission limit or standard. To establish the minimum or maximum value or range, the owner or operator must use the appropriate procedures in this section and submit the information required by §63.1515(b)(4) in the notification of compliance status report. The owner or operator may use existing data in addition to the results of performance tests to establish operating parameter values for compliance monitoring provided each of the following conditions are met to the satisfaction of the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources:

(1) The complete emission test report(s) used as the basis of the parameter(s) is submitted.

(2) The same test methods and procedures as required by this subpart were used in the test.

(3) The owner or operator certifies that no design or work practice changes have been made to the source, process, or emission control equipment since the time of the report.

(4) All process and control equipment operating parameters required to be monitored were monitored as required in this subpart and documented in the test report.

(5) If the owner or operator wants to conduct a new performance test and establish different operating parameter values, they must submit a revised site specific test plan and receive approval in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section. In addition, if an owner or operator wants to use existing data in addition to the results of the new performance test to establish operating parameter values, they must meet the requirements in paragraphs (g)(1) through (4) of this section.

(h) Testing of commonly-ducted units within a secondary aluminum processing unit. When group 1 furnaces and/or in-line fluxers are included in a single existing SAPU or new SAPU, and the emissions from more than one emission unit within that existing SAPU or new SAPU are manifolded to a single control device, compliance for all units within the SAPU is demonstrated if the total measured emissions from all controlled and uncontrolled units in the SAPU do not exceed the emission limits calculated for that SAPU based on the applicable equation in §63.1505(k).

(i) Testing of commonly-ducted units not within a secondary aluminum processing unit. With the prior approval of the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources, an owner or operator may do combined performance testing of two or more individual affected sources or emission units which are not included in a single existing SAPU or new SAPU, but whose emissions are manifolded to a single control device. Any such performance testing of commonly-ducted units must satisfy the following basic requirements:

(1) All testing must be designed to verify that each affected source or emission unit individually satisfies all emission requirements applicable to that affected source or emission unit;

(2) All emissions of pollutants subject to a standard must be tested at the outlet from each individual affected source or emission unit while operating under the highest load or capacity reasonably expected to occur, and prior to the point that the emissions are manifolded together with emissions from other affected sources or emission units;

(3) The combined emissions from all affected sources and emission units which are manifolded to a single emission control device must be tested at the outlet of the emission control device;

(4) All tests at the outlet of the emission control device must be conducted with all affected sources and emission units whose emissions are manifolded to the control device operating simultaneously under the highest load or capacity reasonably expected to occur; and

(5) For purposes of demonstrating compliance of a commonly-ducted unit with any emission limit for a particular type of pollutant, the emissions of that pollutant by the individual unit shall be presumed to be controlled by the same percentage as total emissions of that pollutant from all commonly-ducted units are controlled at the outlet of the emission control device.

[65 FR 15710, Mar. 23, 2000, as amended at 67 FR 59792, Sept. 24, 2002; 67 FR 79817, Dec. 30, 2002; 79 FR 11284, Feb. 27, 2014; 80 FR 56745, Sept. 18, 2015; 81 FR 38087, June 13, 2016]

(a) Aluminum scrap shredder. The owner or operator must conduct performance tests to measure PM emissions at the outlet of the control system. If visible emission observation is the selected monitoring option, the owner or operator must record visible emission observations from each exhaust stack for all consecutive 6-minute periods during the PM emission test according to the requirements of Method 9 in appendix A to 40 CFR part 60. If emissions observations by ASTM Method D7520-13 (incorporated by reference, see §63.14) is the selected monitoring option, the owner or operator must record opacity observations from each exhaust stack for all consecutive 6-minute periods during the PM emission test.

(b) Thermal chip dryer. The owner or operator must conduct a performance test to measure THC and D/F emissions at the outlet of the control device while the unit processes only unpainted aluminum chips.

(c) Scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kiln. The owner or operator must conduct performance tests to measure emissions of THC, D/F, HCl, and PM at the outlet of the control device.

(1) If the scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kiln is subject to the alternative emission limits in §63.1505(e), the average afterburner operating temperature in each 3-hour block period must be maintained at or above 760°C (1400°F) for the test.

(2) The owner or operator of a scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kiln subject to the alternative limits in §63.1505(e) must submit a written certification in the notification of compliance status report containing the information required by §63.1515(b)(7).

(d) Group 1 furnace with add-on air pollution control devices. (1) The owner or operator of a group 1 furnace that processes scrap other than clean charge materials with emissions controlled by a lime-injected fabric filter must conduct performance tests to measure emissions of PM and D/F at the outlet of the control device and emissions of HCl at the outlet (for the emission limit) or the inlet and the outlet (for the percent reduction standard).

(2) The owner or operator of a group 1 furnace that processes only clean charge materials with emissions controlled by a lime-injected fabric filter must conduct performance tests to measure emissions of PM at the outlet of the control device and emissions of HCl at the outlet (for the emission limit) or the inlet and the outlet (for the percent reduction standard).

(3) The owner or operator may choose to determine the rate of reactive flux addition to the group 1 furnace and assume, for the purposes of demonstrating compliance with the SAPU emission limit, that all reactive flux added to the group 1 furnace is emitted. Under these circumstances, the owner or operator is not required to conduct an emission test for HCl.

(4) The owner or operator of a sidewell group 1 furnace that conducts reactive fluxing (except for cover flux) in the hearth, or that conducts reactive fluxing in the sidewell at times when the level of molten metal falls below the top of the passage between the sidewell and the hearth, must conduct the performance tests required by paragraph (d)(1) or (d)(2) of this section, to measure emissions from both the sidewell and the hearth.

(e) Group 1 furnace (including melting holding furnaces) without add-on air pollution control devices. In the site-specific monitoring plan required by §63.1510(o), the owner or operator of a group 1 furnace (including a melting/holding furnaces) without add-on air pollution control devices must include data and information demonstrating compliance with the applicable emission limits.

(1) If the group 1 furnace processes other than clean charge material, the owner or operator must conduct emission tests to measure emissions of PM, HCl, HF, and D/F at the furnace exhaust outlet.

(2) If the group 1 furnace processes only clean charge, the owner or operator must conduct emission tests to simultaneously measure emissions of PM, HCl and HF. A D/F test is not required. Each test must be conducted while the group 1 furnace (including a melting/holding furnace) processes only clean charge.

(3) The owner or operator may choose to determine the rate of reactive flux addition to the group 1 furnace and assume, for the purposes of demonstrating compliance with the SAPU emission limit, that all chlorine and fluorine contained in reactive flux added to the group 1 furnace is emitted as HCl and HF. Under these circumstances, the owner or operator is not required to conduct an emission test for HCl or HF.

(4) When testing an existing uncontrolled furnace, the owner or operator must comply with the requirements of either paragraphs (e)(4)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this section at the next required performance test required by §63.1511(e).

(i) Install hooding that meets ACGIH Guidelines (incorporated by reference, see §63.14), or

(ii) At least 180 days prior to testing petition the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources, that such hoods are impractical under the provisions of paragraph (e)(6) of this section and propose testing procedures that will minimize unmeasured emissions during the performance test according to the paragraph (e)(7) of this section, or

(iii) Assume an 80-percent capture efficiency for the furnace exhaust (i.e., multiply emissions measured at the furnace exhaust outlet by 1.25). If the source fails to demonstrate compliance using the 80-percent capture efficiency assumption, the owner or operator must re-test with a hood that meets the ACGIH Guidelines within 180 days, or petition the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources, within 180 days that such hoods are impractical under the provisions of paragraph (e)(6) of this section and propose testing procedures that will minimize unmeasured emissions during the performance test according to paragraph (e)(7) of this section.

(iv) The 80-percent capture efficiency assumption is not applicable in the event of testing conducted under an approved petition submitted pursuant to paragraphs (e)(4)(ii) or (iii) of this section.

(v) Round top furnaces constructed before February 14, 2012, and reconstructed round top furnaces are exempt from the requirements of paragraphs (e)(4)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this section. Round top furnaces must be operated to minimize unmeasured emissions according to paragraph (e)(7) of this section.

(5) When testing a new uncontrolled furnace, other than a new round top furnace, constructed after February 14, 2012, the owner or operator must comply with the requirements of paragraph (e)(5)(i) or (ii) of this section at the next required performance test required by §63.1511(e). When testing a new round top furnace constructed after February 14, 2012, the owner or operator must comply with the requirements of either paragraphs (e)(5)(i), (ii), or (iii) of this section at the next required performance test required by §63.1511(e).

(i) Install hooding that meets ACGIH Guidelines (incorporated by reference, see §63.14), or

(ii) At least 180 days prior to testing petition the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources, that such hoods are impractical under the provisions of paragraph (e)(6) of this section and propose testing procedures that will minimize unmeasured emissions during the performance test according to the paragraph (e)(7) of this section, or

(iii) Assume an 80-percent capture efficiency for the furnace exhaust (i.e., multiply emissions measured at the furnace exhaust outlet by 1.25). If the source fails to demonstrate compliance using the 80-percent capture efficiency assumption, the owner or operator must re-test with a hood that meets the ACGIH Guidelines within 180 days, or petition the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources, within 180 days that such hoods are impractical under the provisions of paragraph (e)(6) of this section and propose testing procedures that will minimize unmeasured emissions during the performance test according to paragraph (e)(7) of this section.

(iv) The 80-percent capture efficiency assumption is not applicable in the event of testing conducted under an approved petition submitted pursuant to paragraphs (e)(5)(ii) or (iii) of this section.

(6) The installation of hooding that meets ACGIH Guidelines (incorporated by reference, see §63.14) is considered impractical if any of the following conditions exist:

(i) Building or equipment obstructions (for example, wall, ceiling, roof, structural beams, utilities, overhead crane or other obstructions) are present such that the temporary hood cannot be located consistent with acceptable hood design and installation practices;

(ii) Space limitations or work area constraints exist such that the temporary hood cannot be supported or located to prevent interference with normal furnace operations or avoid unsafe working conditions for the furnace operator; or

(iii) Other obstructions and limitations subject to agreement of the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources.

(7) Testing procedures that will minimize unmeasured emissions may include, but are not limited to the following:

(i) Installing a hood that does not entirely meet ACGIH guidelines;

(ii) Using the building as an enclosure, and measuring emissions exhausted from the building if there are no other furnaces or other significant sources in the building of the pollutants to be measured;

(iii) Installing temporary baffles on those sides or top of furnace opening if it is practical to do so where they will not interfere with material handling or with the furnace door opening and closing;

(iv) Minimizing the time the furnace doors are open or the top is off;

(v) Delaying gaseous reactive fluxing until charging doors are closed and, for round top furnaces, until the top is on;

(vi) Agitating or stirring molten metal as soon as practicable after salt flux addition and closing doors as soon as possible after solid fluxing operations, including mixing and dross removal;

(vii) Keeping building doors and other openings closed to the greatest extent possible to minimize drafts that would divert emissions from being drawn into the furnace;

(viii) Maintaining burners on low-fire or pilot operation while the doors are open or the top is off;

(ix) Use of fans or other device to direct flow into a furnace when door is open; or

(x) Removing the furnace cover one time in order to add a smaller but representative charge and then replacing the cover.

(f) Sweat furnace. Except as provided in §63.1505(f)(1), the owner or operator must measure emissions of D/F from each sweat furnace at the outlet of the control device.

(g) Dross-only furnace. The owner or operator must conduct a performance test to measure emissions of PM from each dross-only furnace at the outlet of each control device while the unit processes only dross and salt flux as the sole feedstock.

(h) In-line fluxer. (1) The owner or operator of an in-line fluxer that uses reactive flux materials must conduct a performance test to measure emissions of HCl and PM or otherwise demonstrate compliance in accordance with paragraph (h)(2) of this section. If the in-line fluxer is equipped with an add-on control device, the emissions must be measured at the outlet of the control device.

(2) The owner or operator may choose to limit the rate at which reactive flux is added to an in-line fluxer and assume, for the purposes of demonstrating compliance with the SAPU emission limit, that all chlorine in the reactive flux added to the in-line fluxer is emitted as HCl. Under these circumstances, the owner or operator is not required to conduct an emission test for HCl. If the owner or operator of any in-line flux box that has no ventilation ductwork manifolded to any outlet or emission control device chooses to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits for HCl by limiting use of reactive flux and assuming that all chlorine in the flux is emitted as HCl, compliance with the HCl limit shall also constitute compliance with the emission limit for PM and no separate emission test for PM is required. In this case, the owner or operator of the unvented in-line flux box must use the maximum permissible PM emission rate for the in-line flux boxes when determining the total emissions for any SAPU which includes the flux box.

(i) Rotary dross cooler. The owner or operator must conduct a performance test to measure PM emissions at the outlet of the control device.

(j) Secondary aluminum processing unit. The owner or operator must conduct performance tests as described in paragraphs (j)(1) through (3) of this section. The results of the performance tests are used to establish emission rates in lb/ton of feed/charge for PM, HCl and HF and µg TEQ/Mg of feed/charge for D/F emissions from each emission unit. These emission rates are used for compliance monitoring in the calculation of the 3-day, 24-hour rolling average emission rates using the equation in §63.1510(t). A performance test is required for:

(1) Each group 1 furnace processing only clean charge to measure emissions of PM and either:

(i) Emissions of HF and HCl (for determining the emission limit); or

(ii) The mass flow rate of HCl at the inlet to and outlet from the control device (for the percent reduction standard).

(2) Each group 1 furnace that processes scrap other than clean charge to measure emissions of PM and D/F and either:

(i) Emissions of HF and HCl (for determining the emission limit); or

(ii) The mass flow rate of HCl at the inlet to and outlet from the control device (for the percent reduction standard).

(3) Each in-line fluxer to measure emissions of PM and HCl.

(k) Feed/charge weight measurement. During the emission test(s) conducted to determine compliance with emission limits in a kg/Mg (lb/ton) format, the owner or operator of an affected source or emission unit, subject to an emission limit in a kg/Mg (lb/ton) of feed/charge format, must measure (or otherwise determine) and record the total weight of feed/charge to the affected source or emission unit for each of the three test runs and calculate and record the total weight. An owner or operator that chooses to demonstrate compliance on the basis of the aluminum production weight must measure the weight of aluminum produced by the emission unit or affected source instead of the feed/charge weight.

(l) Continuous opacity monitoring system. The owner or operator of an affected source or emission unit using a continuous opacity monitoring system must conduct a performance evaluation to demonstrate compliance with Performance Specification 1 in appendix B to 40 CFR part 60. Following the performance evaluation, the owner or operator must measure and record the opacity of emissions from each exhaust stack for all consecutive 6-minute periods during the PM emission test.

(m) Afterburner. These requirements apply to the owner or operator of an affected source using an afterburner to comply with the requirements of this subpart.

(1) Prior to the initial performance test, the owner or operator must conduct a performance evaluation for the temperature monitoring device according to the requirements of §63.8.

(2) The owner or operator must use these procedures to establish an operating parameter value or range for the afterburner operating temperature.

(i) Continuously measure and record the operating temperature of each afterburner every 15 minutes during the THC and D/F performance tests;

(ii) Determine and record the 15-minute block average temperatures for the three test runs; and

(iii) Determine and record the 3-hour block average temperature measurements for the 3 test runs.

(n) Inlet gas temperature. The owner or operator of a scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kiln or a group 1 furnace using a lime-injected fabric filter must use these procedures to establish an operating parameter value or range for the inlet gas temperature.

(1) Continuously measure and record the temperature at the inlet to the lime-injected fabric filter every 15 minutes during the HCl and D/F performance tests;

(2) Determine and record the 15-minute block average temperatures for the 3 test runs; and

(3) Determine and record the 3-hour block average of the recorded temperature measurements for the 3 test runs.

(o) Flux injection rate. The owner or operator must use these procedures to establish an operating parameter value or range for the total reactive chlorine flux injection rate and, for uncontrolled furnaces, the total reactive fluorine flux injection rate.

(1) Continuously measure and record the weight of gaseous or liquid reactive flux injected for each 15 minute period during the HCl, HF and D/F tests, determine and record the 15-minute block average weights, and calculate and record the total weight of the gaseous or liquid reactive flux for the 3 test runs;

(2) Record the identity, composition, and total weight of each addition of solid reactive flux for the 3 test runs;

(3) Determine the total reactive chlorine flux injection rate and, for uncontrolled furnaces, the total reactive fluorine flux injection rate by adding the recorded measurement of the total weight of chlorine and, for uncontrolled furnaces, fluorine in the gaseous or liquid reactive flux injected and the total weight of chlorine and, for uncontrolled furnaces, fluorine in the solid reactive flux using Equation 5:

Where:

W_t = Total chlorine or fluorine usage, by weight;

F₁ = Fraction of gaseous or liquid flux that is chlorine or fluorine;

W₁ = Weight of reactive flux gas injected;

F₂ = Fraction of solid reactive chloride flux that is chlorine (e.g., F = 0.75 for magnesium chloride) or fraction of solid reactive fluoride flux that is fluorine (e.g., F = 0.33 for potassium fluoride); and

W₂ = Weight of solid reactive flux;

(4) Divide the weight of total chlorine or fluorine usage (W_t) for the 3 test runs by the recorded measurement of the total weight of feed for the 3 test runs; and

(5) If a solid reactive flux other than magnesium chloride or potassium fluoride is used, the owner or operator must derive the appropriate proportion factor subject to approval by the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources.

(p) Lime injection. The owner or operator of an affected source or emission unit using a lime-injected fabric filter system must use these procedures during the HCl and D/F tests to establish an operating parameter value for the feeder setting for each operating cycle or time period used in the performance test.

(1) For continuous lime injection systems, ensure that lime in the feed hopper or silo is free-flowing at all times; and

(2) Record the feeder setting and lime injection rate for the 3 test runs. If the feed rate setting and lime injection rates vary between the runs, determine and record the average feed rate and lime injection rate from the 3 runs.

(q) Bag leak detection system. The owner or operator of an affected source or emission unit using a bag leak detection system must submit the information described in §63.1515(b)(6) as part of the notification of compliance status report to document conformance with the specifications and requirements in §63.1510(f).

(r) Labeling. The owner or operator of each scrap dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kiln, group 1 furnace, group 2 furnace and in-line fluxer must submit the information described in §63.1515(b)(3) as part of the notification of compliance status report to document conformance with the operational standard in §63.1506(b).

(s) Capture/collection system. The owner or operator of a new or existing affected source or emission unit with an add-on control device must submit the information described in §63.1515(b)(2) as part of the notification of compliance status report to document conformance with the operational standard in §63.1506(c).

[65 FR 15710, Mar. 23, 2000, as amended at 67 FR 79817, Dec. 30, 2002; 69 FR 53984, Sept. 3, 2004; 80 FR 56746, Sept. 18, 2015; 81 FR 38087, June 13, 2016]

(a) THC emission limit. Use Equation 6 to determine compliance with an emission limit for THC:

Where,

E = Emission rate of measured pollutant, kg/Mg (lb/ton) of feed;

C = Measured volume fraction of pollutant, ppmv;

MW = Molecular weight of measured pollutant, g/g-mole (lb/lb-mole): THC (as propane) = 44.11;

Q = Volumetric flow rate of exhaust gases, dscm/hr (dscf/hr);

K₁ = Conversion factor, 1 kg/1,000 g (1 lb/lb);

K₂ = Conversion factor, 1,000 L/m ³ (1 ft ³/ft ³);

M_v = Molar volume, 24.45 L/g-mole (385.3 ft ³/lb-mole); and

P = Production rate, Mg/hr (ton/hr).

(b) PM, HCl, HF and D/F emission limits. (1) Use Equation 7 of this section to determine compliance with an emission limit for PM, HCl or HF:

Where:

E = Emission rate of PM, HCl or HF, in kg/Mg (lb/ton) of feed;

C = Concentration of PM, HCl or HF, in g/dscm (gr/dscf);

Q = Volumetric flow rate of exhaust gases, in dscm/hr (dscf/hr);

K₁ = Conversion factor, 1 kg/1,000 g (1 lb/7,000 gr); and

P = Production rate, in Mg/hr (ton/hr).

(2) Use Equation 7A of this section to determine compliance with an emission limit for D/F:

Where:

E = Emission rate of D/F, µg/Mg (gr/ton) of feed;

C = Concentration of D/F, µg/dscm (gr/dscf);

Q = Volumetric flow rate of exhaust gases, dscm/hr (dscf/hr); and

P = Production rate, Mg/hr (ton/hr).

(c) HCl percent reduction standard. Use Equation 8 to determine compliance with an HCl percent reduction standard:

Where,

%R = Percent reduction of the control device;

L_i = Inlet loading of pollutant, kg/Mg (lb/ton); and

L_o = Outlet loading of pollutant, kg/Mg (lb/ton).

(d) Conversion of D/F measurements to TEQ units. To convert D/F measurements to TEQ units, the owner or operator must use the procedures and equations in Interim Procedures for Estimating Risks Associated with Exposures to Mixtures of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and -Dibenzofurans (CDDs and CDFs) and 1989 Update, incorporated by reference see §63.14.

(e) Secondary aluminum processing unit. Use the procedures in paragraphs (e)(1), (2), and (3) or the procedure in paragraph (e)(4) of this section to determine compliance with emission limits for a secondary aluminum processing unit.

(1) Use Equation 9 to compute the mass-weighted PM emissions for a secondary aluminum processing unit. Compliance is achieved if the mass-weighted emissions for the secondary aluminum processing unit (E_cPM) is less than or equal to the emission limit for the secondary aluminum processing unit (L_cPM) calculated using Equation 1 in §63.1505(k).

Where:

E_cPM = The mass-weighted PM emissions for the secondary aluminum processing unit;

E_tiPM = Measured PM emissions for individual emission unit, or group of co-controlled emission units, i;

T_ti = The average feed rate for individual emission unit i during the operating cycle or performance test period, or the sum of the average feed rates for all emission units in the group of co-controlled emission units i; and

n = The number of emission units, and groups of co-controlled emission units in the secondary aluminum processing unit.

(2) Use Equation 10 to compute the aluminum mass-weighted HCl or HF emissions for the secondary aluminum processing unit. Compliance is achieved if the mass-weighted emissions for the secondary aluminum processing unit (E_cHCl/HF) is less than or equal to the emission limit for the secondary aluminum processing unit (L_cHCl/HF) calculated using Equation 2 in §63.1505(k).

Where:

E_cHCl/HF = The mass-weighted HCl or HF emissions for the secondary aluminum processing unit; and

E_tiHCl/HF = Measured HCl or HF emissions for individual emission unit, or group of co-controlled emission units i.

(3) Use Equation 11 to compute the aluminum mass-weighted D/F emissions for the secondary aluminum processing unit. Compliance is achieved if the mass-weighted emissions for the secondary aluminum processing unit is less than or equal to the emission limit for the secondary aluminum processing unit (L_cD/F) calculated using Equation 3 in §63.1505(k).

Where:

E_cD/F = The mass-weighted D/F emissions for the secondary aluminum processing unit; and

E_tiD/F = Measured D/F emissions for individual emission unit, or group of co-controlled emission units i.

(4) As an alternative to using the equations in paragraphs (e)(1), (2), and (3) of this section, the owner or operator may demonstrate compliance for a secondary aluminum processing unit by demonstrating that each existing group 1 furnace is in compliance with the emission limits for a new group 1 furnace in §63.1505(i) and that each existing in-line fluxer is in compliance with the emission limits for a new in-line fluxer in §63.1505(j).

(f) Periods of startup and shutdown. For a new or existing affected source, or a new or existing emission unit subject to an emissions limit in paragraphs §63.1505(b) through (j) expressed in units of pounds per ton of feed/charge, or µg TEQ or ng TEQ per Mg of feed/charge, demonstrate compliance during periods of startup and shutdown in accordance with paragraph (f)(1) of this section or determine your emissions per unit of feed/charge during periods of startup and shutdown in accordance with paragraph (f)(2) of this section. Startup and shutdown emissions for group 1 furnaces and in-line fluxers must be calculated individually, and not on the basis of a SAPU. Periods of startup and shutdown are excluded from the calculation of SAPU emission limits in §63.1505(k), the SAPU monitoring requirements in §63.1510(t) and the SAPU emissions calculations in §63.1513(e).

(1) For periods of startup and shutdown, records establishing a feed/charge rate of zero, a flux rate of zero, and that the affected source or emission unit was either heated with electricity, propane or natural gas as the sole sources of heat or was not heated, may be used to demonstrate compliance with the emission limit, or

(2) For periods of startup and shutdown, divide your measured emissions in lb/hr or µg/hr or ng/hr by the feed/charge rate in tons/hr or Mg/hr from your most recent performance test associated with a production rate greater than zero, or the rated capacity of the affected source if no prior performance test data are available.

[65 FR 15710, Mar. 23, 2000, as amended at 69 FR 53984, Sept. 3, 2004; 80 FR 56748, Sept. 18, 2015; 81 FR 38088, June 13, 2016]

The requirements of this section are in addition to the other requirements of this subpart that apply to group 1 and group 2 furnaces.

(a) Changing from a group 1 controlled furnace processing other than clean charge to group 1 uncontrolled furnace processing other than clean charge. An owner or operator wishing to change operating modes must conduct performance tests in accordance with §§63.1511 and 63.1512 to demonstrate to the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources that compliance can be achieved under both modes. Operating parameters relevant to each mode of operation must be established during the performance test.

(1) Operators of major sources must conduct performance tests for PM, HCl and D/F, according to the procedures in §63.1512(d) with the capture system and control device operating normally if compliance has not been previously demonstrated in this operating mode. Performance tests must be repeated at least once every 5 years to demonstrate compliance for each operating mode.

(i) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted in accordance with §63.1511(b)(1) in the controlled mode.

(ii) Operating parameters must be established during these tests, as required by §63.1511(g).

(iii) The emission factors for this mode of operation for use in the demonstration of compliance with the emission limits for SAPUs specified in §63.1505(k) must be determined.

(2) Operators of major sources must conduct performance tests for PM, HCl, HF and D/F, according to the procedures in §63.1512(e) without operating a control device if compliance has not been previously demonstrated for this operating mode. Performance tests must be repeated at least once every 5 years to demonstrate compliance for each operating mode.

(i) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted in accordance with §63.1511(b)(1) in the uncontrolled mode.

(ii) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted with furnace emissions captured in accordance with the provisions of §63.1506(c) and directed to the stack or vent tested.

(iii) Operating parameters representing uncontrolled operation must be established during these tests, as required by §63.1511(g). For furnaces in batch (cyclic) operation, the number of tap-to-tap cycles (including zero, if none) elapsed using the feed/charge type, feed/charge rate and flux rate must be established as a parameter to be met before changing to uncontrolled mode. For furnaces in continuous (non-cyclic) operation, the time period elapsed (including no time, if none) using the feed/charge type, feed/charge rate and flux rate must be established as a parameter to be met before changing to uncontrolled mode.

(iv) The emission factors for this mode of operation for use in the demonstration of compliance with the emission limits for SAPUs specified in §63.1505(k) must be determined.

(3) Operators of area sources must conduct performance tests for D/F, according to the procedures in §63.1512(d) with the capture system and control device operating normally, if compliance has not been previously demonstrated for this operating mode.

(i) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted in accordance with §63.1511(b)(1) in the controlled mode.

(ii) Operating parameters must be established during these tests, as required by §63.1511(g).

(iii) The D/F emission factor for this mode of operation for use in the demonstration of compliance with the emission limits for SAPUs specified in §63.1505(k) must be determined.

(4) Operators of area sources must conduct performance tests for D/F, according to the procedures in §63.1512(e) without operating a control device, if compliance has not been previously demonstrated for this operating mode.

(i) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted in accordance with §63.1511(b)(1).

(ii) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted with furnace emissions captured in accordance with the provisions of §63.1506(c) and directed to the stack or vent tested.

(iii) Operating parameters representing uncontrolled operation must be established during these tests, as required by §63.1511(g). For furnaces in batch (cyclic) operation, the number of tap-to-tap cycles (including zero, if none) elapsed using the feed/charge type, feed/charge rate and flux rate must be established as a parameter to be met before changing to uncontrolled mode. For furnaces in continuous (non-cyclic) operation, the time period elapsed (including no time, if none) using the feed/charge type, feed/charge rate and flux rate must be established as a parameter to be met before changing to uncontrolled mode.

(iv) The D/F emission factor for this mode of operation for use in the demonstration of compliance with the emission limits for SAPUs specified in §63.1505(k) must be determined.

(5) To change modes of operation from uncontrolled to controlled, the owner or operator must perform the following, before charging scrap to the furnace that exceeds the contaminant level established for uncontrolled mode:

(i) Change the label on the furnace to reflect controlled operation;

(ii) Direct the furnace emissions to the control device;

(iii) Turn on the control device and begin lime addition to the control device at the rate established for controlled mode; and

(iv) Ensure the control device is operating properly.

(6) To change modes of operation from controlled to uncontrolled, the owner or operator must perform the following, before turning off or bypassing the control device:

(i) Change the label on the furnace to reflect uncontrolled operation;

(ii) Charge scrap with a level of contamination no greater than that used in the performance test for uncontrolled furnaces for the number of tap-to-tap cycles that elapsed (or, for continuously operated furnaces, the time elapsed) before the uncontrolled mode performance test was conducted; and

(iii) Decrease the flux addition rate to no higher than the flux addition rate used in the uncontrolled mode performance test.

(7) In addition to the recordkeeping requirements of §63.1517, the owner or operator must maintain records of the nature of each mode change (controlled to uncontrolled, or uncontrolled to controlled), the time the change is initiated, and the time the exhaust gas is diverted from control device to bypass or bypass to control device.

(b) Changing from a group 1 controlled furnace processing other than clean charge to a group 1 uncontrolled furnace processing clean charge. An owner or operator wishing to change operating modes must conduct performance tests in accordance with §§63.1511 and 63.1512 to demonstrate to the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources that compliance can be achieved in both modes. Operating parameters relevant to each mode of operation must be established during the performance test.

(1) Operators of major sources must conduct performance tests for PM, HCl and D/F, according to the procedures in §63.1512(d) with the capture system and control device operating normally if compliance has not been previously demonstrated in this operating mode. Performance tests must be repeated at least once every 5 years to demonstrate compliance for each operating mode.

(i) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted in accordance with §63.1511(b)(1) in the controlled mode.

(ii) Operating parameters must be established during these tests, as required by §63.1511(g).

(iii) The emission factors for this mode of operation for use in the demonstration of compliance with the emission limits for SAPUs specified in §63.1505(k) must be determined.

(2) Operators of major sources must conduct performance tests for PM, HCl, HF and D/F, according to the procedures in §63.1512(e) without operating a control device if compliance has not been previously demonstrated for this operating mode. Performance tests must be repeated at least once every 5 years to demonstrate compliance for each operating mode.

(i) Testing under this paragraph may be conducted at any time after operation with clean charge has commenced.

(ii) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted with furnace emissions captured in accordance with the provisions of §63.1506(c) and directed to the stack or vent tested.

(iii) Operating parameters representing uncontrolled operation must be established during these tests, as required by §63.1511(g). For furnaces in batch (cyclic) operation, the number of tap-to-tap cycles (including zero, if none) elapsed using the feed/charge type, feed/charge rate and flux rate must be established as a parameter to be met before changing to uncontrolled mode. For furnaces in continuous (non-cyclic) operation, the time period elapsed (including no time if none) using the feed/charge type, feed/charge rate and flux rate must be established as a parameter to be met before changing to uncontrolled mode.

(iv) Emissions of D/F during this test must not exceed 1.5 µg TEQ/Mg of feed/charge.

(v) The emission factors for this mode of operation for use in the demonstration of compliance with the emission limits for SAPUs specified in §63.1505(k), must be determined.

(3) Operators of area sources must conduct performance tests for D/F, according to the procedures in §63.1512(d) with the capture system and control device operating normally, if compliance has not been previously demonstrated for this operating mode.

(i) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted in accordance with §63.1511(b)(1).

(ii) Operating parameters must be established during these tests, as required by §63.1511(g).

(iii) The D/F emission factor for this mode of operation for use in the demonstration of compliance with the emission limits for SAPUs specified in §63.1505(k) must be determined.

(4) Operators of area sources must conduct performance tests for D/F, according to the procedures in §63.1512(e) without operating a control device if compliance has not been previously demonstrated for this operating mode.

(i) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted at any time after operation with clean charge has commenced and must be conducted in accordance with §63.1511(b)(1) and under representative conditions expected to produce the highest level of D/F in the uncontrolled mode.

(ii) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted with furnace emissions captured in accordance with the provisions of §63.1506(c) and directed to the stack or vent tested.

(iii) Operating parameters representing uncontrolled operation must be established during these tests, as required by §63.1511(g). For furnaces in batch (cyclic) operation, the number of tap-to-tap cycles elapsed (including zero, if none) using the feed/charge type, feed/charge rate and flux rate must be established as a parameter to be met before changing to uncontrolled mode. For furnaces in continuous (non-cyclic) operation, the time period elapsed (including no time, if none) using the feed/charge type, feed/charge rate and flux rate must be established as a parameter to be met before changing to uncontrolled mode.

(iv) Emissions of D/F during this test must not exceed 1.5 µg TEQ/Mg of feed/charge.

(5) To change modes of operation from uncontrolled to controlled, the owner or operator must perform the following, before charging scrap to the furnace that exceeds the contaminant level established for uncontrolled mode:

(i) Change the label on the furnace to reflect controlled operation;

(ii) Direct the furnace emissions to the control device;

(iii) Turn on the control device and begin lime addition to the control device at the rate established for controlled mode; and

(iv) Ensure the control device is operating properly.

(6) To change modes of operation from controlled to uncontrolled, the owner or operator must perform the following, before turning off or bypassing the control device:

(i) Change the label on the furnace to reflect uncontrolled operation;

(ii) Charge clean charge for the number of tap-to-tap cycles that elapsed (or, for continuously operated furnaces, the time elapsed) before the uncontrolled mode performance test was conducted; and

(iii) Decrease the flux addition rate to no higher than the flux addition rate used in the uncontrolled mode performance test.

(7) In addition to the recordkeeping requirements of §63.1517, the owner or operator must maintain records of the nature of each mode change (controlled to uncontrolled, or uncontrolled to controlled), the time the furnace operating mode change is initiated, and the time the exhaust gas is diverted from control device to bypass or from bypass to control device.

(c) Changing from a group 1 controlled or uncontrolled furnace to a group 2 furnace. An owner or operator wishing to change operating modes must conduct performance tests in accordance with §§63.1511 and 63.1512 to demonstrate to the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources that compliance can be achieved under both modes and establish the number of cycles (or time) of operation with clean charge and no reactive flux addition necessary before changing to group 2 mode. Operating parameters relevant to group 1 operation must be established during the performance test.

(1) Operators of major sources must conduct performance tests for PM, HCl and D/F (and HF for uncontrolled group 1 furnaces) according to the procedures in §63.1512 if compliance has not been previously demonstrated for the operating mode. Controlled group 1 furnaces must conduct performance tests according to the procedures in §63.1512(d) with the capture system and control device operating normally. Uncontrolled group 1 furnaces must conduct performance tests according to the procedures in §63.1512(e) without operating a control device. Performance tests must be repeated at least once every 5 years to demonstrate compliance for each operating mode.

(i) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted in accordance with §63.1511(b)(1) in both modes.

(ii) Operating parameters must be established during these tests, as required by §63.1511(g).

(iii) The emission factors for this mode of operation for use in the demonstration of compliance with the emission limits for SAPUs specified in §63.1505(k) must be determined.

(2) While in compliance with the operating requirements of §63.1506(o) for group 2 furnaces, operators of major sources must conduct performance tests for PM, HCl, HF and D/F, according to the procedures in §63.1512(e) without operating a control device if compliance has not been previously demonstrated for this operating mode. Performance tests must be repeated at least once every 5 years to demonstrate compliance for each operating mode.

(i) Testing under this paragraph may be conducted at any time after the furnace has commenced operation with clean charge and without reactive flux addition.

(ii) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted with furnace emissions captured in accordance with the provisions of §63.1506(c) and directed to the stack or vent tested.

(iii) Owners or operators must demonstrate that emissions are no greater than:

(A) 1.5 µg D/F (TEQ) per Mg of feed/charge;

(B) 0.040 lb HCl or HF per ton of feed/charge; and

(C) 0.040 lb PM per ton of feed/charge.

(iv) The number of tap-to-tap cycles, or time elapsed between starting operation with clean charge and no reactive flux addition and the group 2 furnace performance test must be established as an operating parameter to be met before changing to group 2 mode.

(3) Operators of area sources must conduct a performance tests for D/F, according to the procedures in §63.1512 if compliance has not been previously demonstrated for the operating mode. Controlled group 1 furnaces must conduct performance tests according to the procedures in §63.1512(d) with the capture system and control device operating normally. Uncontrolled group 1 furnaces must conduct performance tests according to the procedures in §63.1512(e) without operating a control device.

(i) The performance tests must be conducted in accordance with §63.1511(b)(1) under representative conditions expected to produce the highest expected level of D/F in the group 1 mode.

(ii) Operating parameters must be established during these tests, as required by §63.1511(g).

(iii) The D/F emission factor for this mode of operation, for use in the demonstration of compliance with the emission limits for SAPUs specified in §63.1505(k) must be determined.

(4) While in compliance with the operating requirements of §63.1506(o) for group 2 furnaces, operators of area sources must conduct performance tests for D/F, according to the procedures in §63.1512(e) without operating a control device if compliance has not been previously demonstrated for this operating mode.

(i) Testing under this paragraph may be conducted at any time after the furnace has commenced operation with clean charge, and without reactive flux addition.

(ii) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted with furnace emissions captured in accordance with the provisions of §63.1506(c) and directed to the stack or vent tested.

(iii) Owners or operators must demonstrate that emissions are no greater than 1.5 µg D/F (TEQ) per Mg of feed/charge.

(iv) The number of tap-to-tap cycles, or time elapsed between starting operation with clean charge and no reactive flux and the group 2 furnace performance tests must be established as an operating parameter to be met before changing to group 2 mode.

(5) To change modes of operation from a group 2 furnace to a group 1 furnace, the owner or operator must perform the following before adding other than clean charge and before adding reactive flux to the furnace:

(i) Change the label on the furnace to reflect group 1 operation;

(ii) Direct the furnace emissions to the control device, if it is equipped with a control device;

(iii) If the furnace is equipped with a control device, turn on the control device and begin lime addition to the control device at the rate established for group 1 mode; and

(iv) Ensure the control device is operating properly.

(6) To change mode of operation from a group 1 furnace to group 2 furnace, the owner or operator must perform the following, before turning off or bypassing the control device:

(i) Change the label on the furnace to reflect group 2 operation;

(ii) Charge clean charge for the number of tap-to-tap cycles that elapsed (or, for continuously operated furnaces, the time elapsed) before the group 2 performance test was conducted; and,

(iii) Use no reactive flux.

(7) In addition to the recordkeeping requirements of §63.1517, the owner or operator must maintain records of the nature of each mode change (controlled or uncontrolled to group 2), the time the change is initiated, and the time the exhaust gas is diverted from control device to bypass or from bypass to control device.

(d) Changing from a group 1 controlled or uncontrolled furnace to group 2 furnace, for tilting reverberatory furnaces capable of completely removing furnace contents between batches. An owner or operator of a tilting reverberatory furnace capable of completely removing furnace contents between batches who wishes to change operating modes must conduct performance tests in accordance with §§63.1511 and 63.1512 to demonstrate to the permitting authority for major sources, or the Administrator for area sources that compliance can be achieved under group 1 modes. Operating parameters relevant to group 1 operation must be established during the performance test.

(1) Operators of major sources must conduct performance tests for PM, HCl, and D/F (and HF for uncontrolled furnaces) according to the procedures in §63.1512 if compliance has not been previously demonstrated for this operating mode. Controlled group 1 furnaces must conduct performance tests with the capture system and control device operating normally if compliance has not been previously demonstrated for the operating mode. Controlled group 1 furnaces must conduct performance tests according to the procedures in §63.1512(d) with the capture system and control device operating normally. Uncontrolled group 1 furnaces must conduct performance tests according to the procedures in §63.1512(e) without operating a control device. Performance tests must be repeated at least once every 5 years to demonstrate compliance for each operating mode.

(i) Testing under this paragraph must be conducted in accordance with §63.1511(b)(1) in both modes.

(ii) Operating parameters must be established during these tests, as required by §63.1511(g).

(iii) The emission factors for this mode of operation for use in the demonstration of compliance with the emission limits for SAPUs specified in §63.1505(k), must be determined.

(2) Operators of area sources must conduct performance tests for D/F according to the procedures in §63.1512 if compliance has not been previously demonstrated for this operating mode. Controlled group 1 furnaces must conduct performance tests according to the procedures in §63.1512(d) with the capture system and control device operating normally. Uncontrolled group 1 furnaces must conduct performance tests according to the procedures in §63.1512(e) without operating a control device.

(i) The performance test must be conducted in accordance with §63.1511(b)(1) under representative conditions expected to produce the highest expected level of D/F in the group 1 mode.

(ii) Operating parameters must be established during these tests, as required by §63.1511(g).

(iii) The D/F emission factor for this mode of operation for use in the demonstration of compliance with the emission limits for SAPUs specified in §63.1505(k) must be determined.

(3) To change modes of operation from a group 1 furnace to a group 2 furnace, the owner or operator must perform the following before turning off or bypassing the control device:

(i) Completely remove all aluminum from the furnace;

(ii) Change the label on the furnace to reflect group 2 operation;

(iii) Use only clean charge; and

(iv) Use no reactive flux.

(4) To change modes of operation from a group 2 furnace to a group 1 furnace, the owner or operator must perform the following before adding other than clean charge and before adding reactive flux to the furnace:

(i) Change the label on the furnace to reflect group 1 operation;

(ii) Direct the furnace emissions to the control device, if it is equipped with a control device;,

(iii) If the furnace is equipped with a control device, turn on the control device and begin lime addition to the control device at the rate established for group 1 mode; and

(iv) Ensure the control device is operating properly.

(5) In addition to the recordkeeping requirements of §63.1517, the owner or operator must maintain records of the nature of each mode change (group 1 to group 2, or group 2 to group 1), the time the furnace operating mode change is initiated, and, if the furnace is equipped with a control device, the time the exhaust gas is diverted from control device to bypass or from bypass to control device.

(e) Limit on frequency of changing furnace operating mode. (1) A change in furnace operating mode, which consists of changing from one furnace operating mode to another and subsequently back to the initial operating mode, as provided in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section, may not be done more frequently than 4 times in any 6-month period unless you receive approval from the permitting authority or Administrator for additional changes pursuant to paragraph (e)(2).

(2) If additional changes are needed, the owner or operator must apply in advance to the permitting authority, for major sources, or the Administrator, for area sources, for approval of the additional changes in operating mode.

[80 FR 56749, Sept. 18, 2015, as amended at 81 FR 38088, June 13, 2016]