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Regulated mobile sources and fuels
  • There are various mobile source sectors regulated by the EPA under the CAA.

Mobile source sectors regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Clean Air Act (CAA)
Aircraft Commercial aircraft engines
Heavy-duty vehiclesHeavy trucks and buses: large pick-ups, delivery trucks, recreational vehicles, and semi-trucks
Light-duty vehiclesPassenger cars and light trucks: minivans, passenger vans, pickup trucks, and sport-utility vehicles
LocomotivesDiesel-powered engines used in freight and passenger rail, ling-haul and switch locomotives
MotorcyclesOn-road 2- and 3-wheeled vehicles, mopeds, and scooters
Marine-compression ignition (CI) enginesAuxiliary and propulsion engines used by all types of recreations and commercial vessels: small fishing boats, tugboats, ocean-going ships. Marine auxiliary engines: small generator sets to larger generator sets on ocean-going vessels
Marine spark-ignition (SI) engines and vesselsGasoline boats and personal watercraft: pleasure boats, jet-skis, outboard engines, and sterndrive/inboard engines
Nonroad CI engines and equipmentConstruction and agricultural equipment: excavators, paving equipment, tractors, combines, bulldozers, and skidders
Nonroad large SI engines and equipmentGasoline and propane industrial equipment: forklifts, generators, airport service equipment, compressors, and ice-grooming machines
Nonroad small SI engines and equipmentSmall gasoline lawn and garden equipment: lawnmowers, leaf blowers, chain saws, and string trimmers
Recreational engines and vehiclesLand-based recreational vehicles: snowmobiles, dirt bikes, and all-terrain vehicles (ATVs)

Fuel types regulated by the EPA under the CAA
Low sulfur gasolineEstablished in conjunction with the Tier 2 light-duty vehicle standards to maintain the performance of catalytic converters.
Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuelCovers highway, nonroad, locomotive, and marine diesel fuel. ULSD is necessary for new advanced emission control technologies, and it contributes to particulate matter reductions in the existing fleet of nonroad engines and equipment.