State paid medical/sick leave

Note that states may include provisions allowing employers to front-load paid sick time, thereby allowing them to disregard certain accrual and carryover limits.

State (effective date)	Who must comply	Leave: hours earned ratio	Cap on accrual (and use, where applicable)	Carryover
Arizona (7/1/17) Fair Wages and Healthy Families Act	All employers	30:1 Frontloading allowed	Employers with fewer than 15 employees: 24 hours Employers with 15 or more employees: 40 hours	24 hours for small employers, 40 hours for larger employers
California (7/1/15) Healthy Workplace, Healthy Families Act Revised effective 1/1/24	Employers with employees who work 30 or more days in California per year	30:1 Frontloading allowed	48 hours* *While employers must allow employees to accrue up to 48 hours of sick time, they may cap the amount of sick time taken at 24 hours Effective 1/1/24, employers must allow employees to accrue up to 80 hours of sick time, they may cap the amount of sick time taken at 40 hours.	Up to 48 hours Effective 1/1/24, this is up to 80 hours
CA organ or bone marrow donation (1/1/11)	Employers with 15 or more employees	30 days paid leave in a one-year period (and an additional 30 days unpaid leave in a one-year period) for organ donation; five days paid leave in a one-year period for bone marrow donation	N/A the leave does not accrue	N/A
Colorado (1/1/21) Healthy Families and Workplaces	As of 1/1/21, employers with 16 or more employees; as of 1/1/22, all employers	30:1 Frontloading allowed	48 hours	Up to 48 hours
Colorado paid family and medical leave - Prop 118 (premiums collected 2023 leave begins 2024)	Employers with one or more employees.	The leave is not accrued.	Up to 12 weeks for qualifying reasons, four additional weeks for pregnancy/childbirth disability	Not applicable, the leave does not carry over.
Connecticut paid sick leave (1/1/12; amended effective 1/1/25)	Employers with 50 or more employees that employ “service workers” as defined by state law This will change to apply to regular employees. 1/1/25, employers with 25 or more employees; 1/1/26 employers with 11 or more employees; 1/1/27, employers with one or more employees	40:1 Frontloading not specifically addressed, but employers may offer paid time off that meets or exceeds the PSL requirements	40 hours	Up to 40 hours
Connecticut paid family and medical leave (1/1/22)	All private employers with one or more employees	This leave is not accrued.	Employees may take up to 12 weeks of leave in a 12-month period for qualifying reasons; 2 additional weeks for pregnancy disability	Not applicable. The leave not used does not carry over
Delaware paid leave (Healthy Delaware Families Act 1/1/26)	Employers with at least 10 employees in the state during the previous 12 months	Leave is not accrued. Employees may take up to 12 weeks of paid leave per year	12 weeks in a 12-month period	N/A
District of Columbia (11/13/08) Accrued safe and sick leave See below for DC Universal paid leave	All employers	Employers with 1 – 24 employees: 87:1 Employers with 25 – 99 employees: 43:1 Employers with 100 or more employees: 37:1 Frontloading not addressed	Employers with 1 – 24 employees: 3 days/year Employers with 25 – 99 employees: 5 days/year Employers with 100 or more employees: 7 days/year *These are also the caps on the amount of sick time that employees may use annually	All, but employees are still limited by annual usage limits
Illinois Paid Leave for All Workers Act (7/1/23 state EEs and 7/1/24 private EEs)	All employers in Illinois	40:1; frontloading allowed	40 hours in a 12-month period Employees may take the leave 90 days after hire or March 31, 2024, whichever is later	If not frontloaded, leave may be carried over, but usage capped at 40 hours
Maine (1/1/21) Earned paid leave	Employers with 10 or more employees for more than 120 days in any calendar year	40:1 Employers may have a 120-day waiting period	40 hours	No cap or carryover indicated
Maine paid family medical leave (5/1/26)	All Maine employers	The leave is not accrued	12 weeks in a benefit year	The leave does not carry over
Maryland (2/11/18) Healthy Working Families Act	Employers with 15 or more employees. Those with fewer than 15 must offer unpaid leave	30:1 Frontloading allowed	40 hours Leave may be capped at 64 hours per year	Up to 40 hours
Maryland (1/1/2025) Time to Care Act	All employers	The leave is not accrued	12 weeks, 24 weeks if the EE has an SHC and needs parental leave	No carryover
Massachusetts (7/1/15) Earned sick leave	All employers must provide for leave; those with 11 or more employees must provide paid leave	30:1 Frontloading allowed	40 hours	Up to 40 hours
Massachusetts temporary emergency paid sick leave (6/7/21 to 3/15/22)	All employers	The leave is not accrued	40 hours for full-time employees, otherwise average hours per week	No carryover
Michigan (12/4/18) Paid Medical Leave Act.	Employers with 50 or more employees Nonexempt employees for whom the employer withholds federal income taxes are eligible. A number of other exemptions exist.	35:1 Frontloading allowed	Up to 40 hours per year	Up to 40 hours
Minnesota paid family and medical leave (1/1/26)	All employers	Leave is not accrued. Employees must meet eligibility criteria	Up to 12 weeks of leave in each of the two categories (medical, family) per benefit year.	No carryover, as the leave is not accrued.
Minnesota paid donation leave	Employers with 20 or more employees for bone/organ; all state employees for blood. Organ donation applies to public employers.	Leave does not accrue. Employees get 40 hours to donate bone marrow or an organ. State employees get three hours to donate blood.	40 hours for bone marrow or organ, three hours for blood.	No carryover provisions
Nevada (1/1/20), Paid leave	All private employers with 50 or more employees	0.01923 hours of paid leave for every hour worked; Frontloading allowed	40 hours per benefit year	Up to 40 hours
Nevada paid leave for COVID vaccine (until 12/31/23)	Private employers with 50 or more employees in NV.	Two hours for a single dose or four hours for two doses (two hours each dose)	Four hours	No carryover provisions
New Jersey (10/29/18)	Private employers with employees working in the state	30:1 Frontloading allowed	Accrue and use up to 40 hours of leave in a period of 12 consecutive months	Employers may limit accrual and carry over to 40 hours of PSL
New Mexico Healthy Workplaces Act (paid sick leave) (7/1/22)	All private employers	30:1 Frontloading allowed	64 hours per year	Yes, but employers may limit use of leave to 64 hours.
New York paid sick leave (1/1/21)	All NY employers must provide some form of sick leave	30:1; 1-4 EEs, 40 hrs unpaid leave; 5-99 EEs or $1M income, 40 hrs paid leave; 100+ EEs, 56 hrs paid leave Frontloading allowed	40/56 hours	Up to 40/56 hours
New York paid prenatal leave (1/1/25)	All NY employers	Employees get 20 hours of leave during any 52-week calendar period
New York COVID paid leave (until 7/31/25)	1-99 employees, five paid sick days, 100+ 14 paid sick days 1-10 employees and $1M or less, EEs use PFL and disability benefits.	This leave is not accrued	Five days for smaller employers, otherwise 14 days	Employees qualify for leave only for three quarantine/isolation orders.
New York Paid COVID-19 Vaccination leave (3/21/21 through 12/31/23)	All employers	This leave is not accrued	Four hours of paid leave per COVID-19 vaccine dose	N/A
Oregon (1/1/16) Oregon Sick Time	Employers with 10 or more employees working in Oregon	30:1 Frontloading allowed	40 hours * *Employers with fewer than 10 employees must provide up to 40 hours of unpaid sick leave)	Up to 40 hours
OR paid family and medical leave (Paid Leave Oregon 9/3/23)	Employers are covered by the law if they have one or more employees working in the state	Not accrued. Up to 12 weeks per year, an additional two weeks for pregnancy-related issues, for a total of 14 weeks.	12 or 14 weeks per year	N/A
Rhode Island (7/1/18) Healthy and Safe Families and Workplaces	Employers with 18 or more employees	35:1 Frontloading allowed	40 hours These are also the caps on the amount of sick time that employees may use annually	All, but employees are still limited by annual usage limits
Vermont (1/1/17) Earned Sick Time	1/1/17 for employers with six or more employees; 1/1/18 for all employers	52:1 Frontloading allowed	40 hours Employers may cap the amount of leave used to 40 per year	All, but employees are still limited by annual usage limits
Virginia paid sick leave (7/1/21)	Employers with home health care workers	30:1 Frontloading allowed	Employers may cap the accrual at 40 hours per year	Yes, accrual up to 40 hours per year
Washington (1/1/18) Initiative 1433	All employers	40:1 Frontloading allowed	Not addressed	Up to 40 hours

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State paid medical/sick leave