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Note that states may include provisions allowing employers to front-load paid sick time, thereby allowing them to disregard certain accrual and carryover limits.
State (effective date) | Who must comply | Leave: hours earned ratio | Cap on accrual (and use, where applicable) | Carryover |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arizona (7/1/17) Fair Wages and Healthy Families Act | All employers | 30:1 Frontloading allowed | Employers with fewer than 15 employees: 24 hours Employers with 15 or more employees: 40 hours | 24 hours for small employers, 40 hours for larger employers |
California (7/1/15) Healthy Workplace, Healthy Families Act Revised effective 1/1/24 | Employers with employees who work 30 or more days in California per year | 30:1 Frontloading allowed | 48 hours* *While employers must allow employees to accrue up to 48 hours of sick time, they may cap the amount of sick time taken at 24 hours Effective 1/1/24, employers must allow employees to accrue up to 80 hours of sick time, they may cap the amount of sick time taken at 40 hours. | Up to 48 hours Effective 1/1/24, this is up to 80 hours |
CA organ or bone marrow donation (1/1/11) | Employers with 15 or more employees | 30 days paid leave in a one-year period (and an additional 30 days unpaid leave in a one-year period) for organ donation; five days paid leave in a one-year period for bone marrow donation | N/A the leave does not accrue | N/A |
Colorado (1/1/21) Healthy Families and Workplaces | As of 1/1/21, employers with 16 or more employees; as of 1/1/22, all employers | 30:1 Frontloading allowed | 48 hours | Up to 48 hours |
Colorado paid family and medical leave - Prop 118 (premiums collected 2023 leave begins 2024) | Employers with one or more employees. | The leave is not accrued. | Up to 12 weeks for qualifying reasons, four additional weeks for pregnancy/childbirth disability | Not applicable, the leave does not carry over. |
Connecticut paid sick leave (1/1/12) | Employers with 50 or more employees that employ “service workers” as defined by state law | 40:1 Frontloading not specifically addressed, but employers may offer paid time off that meets or exceeds the PSL requirements | 40 hours | Up to 40 hours |
Connecticut paid family and medical leave (1/1/22) | All private employers with one or more employees | This leave is not accrued. | Employees may take up to 12 weeks of leave in a 12-month period for qualifying reasons; 2 additional weeks for pregnancy disability | Not applicable. The leave not used does not carry over |
Delaware paid leave (Healthy Delaware Families Act 1/1/26) | Employers with at least 10 employees in the state during the previous 12 months | Leave is not accrued. Employees may take up to 12 weeks of paid leave per year | 12 weeks in a 12-month period | N/A |
District of Columbia (11/13/08) Accrued safe and sick leave See below for DC Universal paid leave | All employers | Employers with 1 – 24 employees: 87:1 Employers with 25 – 99 employees: 43:1 Employers with 100 or more employees: 37:1 Frontloading not addressed | Employers with 1 – 24 employees: 3 days/year Employers with 25 – 99 employees: 5 days/year Employers with 100 or more employees: 7 days/year *These are also the caps on the amount of sick time that employees may use annually | All, but employees are still limited by annual usage limits |
Illinois (7/1/23 state EEs and 7/1/24 private EEs) | All employers in Illinois | 40:1; frontloading allowed | 40 hours in a 12-month period Employees may take the leave 90 days after hire or March 31, 2024, whichever is later | If not frontloaded, leave may be carried over, but usage capped at 40 hours |
Maine (1/1/21) Earned paid leave | Employers with 10 or more employees for more than 120 days in any calendar year | 40:1 Employers may have a 120-day waiting period | 40 hours | No cap or carryover indicated |
Maine paid family medical leave (5/1/26) | All Maine employers | The leave is not accrued | 12 weeks in a benefit year | The leave does not carry over |
Maryland (2/11/18) Healthy Working Families Act | Employers with 15 or more employees. Those with fewer than 15 must offer unpaid leave | 30:1 Frontloading allowed | 40 hours Leave may be capped at 64 hours per year | Up to 40 hours |
Maryland (1/1/2025) Time to Care Act | All employers | The leave is not accrued | 12 weeks, 24 weeks if the EE has an SHC and needs parental leave | No carryover |
Massachusetts (7/1/15) Earned sick leave | All employers must provide for leave; those with 11 or more employees must provide paid leave | 30:1 Frontloading allowed | 40 hours | Up to 40 hours |
Massachusetts temporary emergency paid sick leave (6/7/21 to 3/15/22) | All employers | The leave is not accrued | 40 hours for full-time employees, otherwise average hours per week | No carryover |
Michigan (12/4/18) Paid Medical Leave Act. | Employers with 50 or more employees Nonexempt employees for whom the employer withholds federal income taxes are eligible. A number of other exemptions exist. | 35:1 Frontloading allowed | Up to 40 hours per year | Up to 40 hours |
Minnesota paid donation leave | Employers with 20 or more employees for bone/organ; all state employees for blood. Organ donation applies to public employers. | Leave does not accrue. Employees get 40 hours to donate bone marrow or an organ. State employees get three hours to donate blood. | 40 hours for bone marrow or organ, three hours for blood. | No carryover provisions |
Nevada (1/1/20), Paid leave | All private employers with 50 or more employees | 0.01923 hours of paid leave for every hour worked; Frontloading allowed | 40 hours per benefit year | Up to 40 hours |
Nevada paid leave for COVID vaccine (until 12/31/23) | Private employers with 50 or more employees in NV. | Two hours for a single dose or four hours for two doses (two hours each dose) | Four hours | No carryover provisions |
New Jersey (10/29/18) | Private employers with employees working in the state | 30:1 Frontloading allowed | Accrue and use up to 40 hours of leave in a period of 12 consecutive months | Employers may limit accrual and carry over to 40 hours of PSL |
New Mexico Healthy Workplaces Act (paid sick leave) (7/1/22) | All private employers | 30:1 Frontloading allowed | 64 hours per year | Yes, but employers may limit use of leave to 64 hours. |
New York paid sick leave (1/1/21) | All NY employers must provide some form of sick leave | 30:1; 1-4 EEs, 40 hrs unpaid leave; 5-99 EEs or $1M income, 40 hrs paid leave; 100+ EEs, 56 hrs paid leave Frontloading allowed | 40/56 hours | Up to 40/56 hours |
New York paid prenatal leave (1/1/25) | All NY employers | Employees get 20 hours of leave during any 52-week calendar period | ||
New York COVID paid leave (until 7/31/25) | 1-99 employees, five paid sick days, 100+ 14 paid sick days 1-10 employees and $1M or less, EEs use PFL and disability benefits. | This leave is not accrued | Five days for smaller employers, otherwise 14 days | Employees qualify for leave only for three quarantine/isolation orders. |
New York Paid COVID-19 Vaccination leave (3/21/21 through 12/31/23) | All employers | This leave is not accrued | Four hours of paid leave per COVID-19 vaccine dose | N/A |
Oregon (1/1/16) Oregon Sick Time | Employers with 10 or more employees working in Oregon | 30:1 Frontloading allowed | 40 hours * *Employers with fewer than 10 employees must provide up to 40 hours of unpaid sick leave) | Up to 40 hours |
OR paid family and medical leave (Paid Leave Oregon 9/3/23) | Employers are covered by the law if they have one or more employees working in the state | Not accrued. Up to 12 weeks per year, an additional two weeks for pregnancy-related issues, for a total of 14 weeks. | 12 or 14 weeks per year | N/A |
Rhode Island (7/1/18) Healthy and Safe Families and Workplaces | Employers with 18 or more employees | 35:1 Frontloading allowed | 40 hours
These are also the caps on the amount of sick time that employees may use annually | All, but employees are still limited by annual usage limits |
Vermont (1/1/17) Earned Sick Time | 1/1/17 for employers with six or more employees; 1/1/18 for all employers | 52:1 Frontloading allowed | 40 hours
Employers may cap the amount of leave used to 40 per year | All, but employees are still limited by annual usage limits |
Virginia paid sick leave (7/1/21) | Employers with home health care workers | 30:1 Frontloading allowed | Employers may cap the accrual at 40 hours per year | Yes, accrual up to 40 hours per year |
Washington (1/1/18) Initiative 1433 | All employers | 40:1 Frontloading allowed | Not addressed | Up to 40 hours |