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Medical surveillance is a fundamental strategy for optimizing employee health. It is defined by OSHA as the analysis of health information to look for problems that may be occurring in the workplace, and that require targeted prevention, thereby serving as a feedback loop to the employer. Surveillance may be based on a single case or sentinel event, but more typically uses screening results from the group of employees being evaluated to look for abnormal trends in health status. Surveillance can also be conducted on a single employee over time. Review of group results helps to identify potential problem areas and the effectiveness of existing worksite preventive strategies.
The fundamental purpose of surveillance is to detect and eliminate the underlying causes (i.e., hazards/exposures) of any discovered trends and, therefore, has a prevention focus.
Medical screening is one component of a comprehensive medical surveillance program. It is a method for detecting disease or body dysfunction before an individual would normally seek medical care. Screening tests are usually administered to individuals without current symptoms, but who may be at high risk for certain adverse health outcomes.
The fundamental purpose of screening is early diagnosis and treatment of the individual and thus has a clinical focus.
Specific hazards and hazardous materials that have a medical surveillance requirement include the following:
Acrylonitrile Arsenic (General Industry)
Asbestos (General Industry & Construction)
Benzene
Bloodborne Pathogens
1,3-Butadiene Cadmium
13 Carcinogens
Coke Oven Emissions
Compressed Air Environments
Cotton Dust
1,2-Dibromo, 3-Chloropropane
Ethylene Oxide
Formaldehyde
HAZWOPER
Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories
Lead
4,4’ Methylenedianiline (MDA)
Methylene Chloride
Noise and Hearing Conservation
Respiratory Protection
Silica, Crystalline
Tuberculosis
Vinyl Chloride
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['Toxic and Hazardous Substances - OSHA', 'Bloodborne Pathogens', 'Medical and Exposure Records', 'HAZWOPER']