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Authority: Secs. 202, 206, 207, 208, 301(a), Clean Air Act; as amended 42 U.S.C. 7521, 7524, 7541, 7542, and 7601.
The provisions of this subpart are applicable to new petroleum-fueled diesel heavy-duty engines beginning with the 1984 model year, methanol-fueled diesel heavy-duty engines beginning with the 1990 model year and natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel heavy-duty engines beginning with the 1997 model year. The provisions of this subpart are optional prior to the 1997 model year for natural gas-fueled and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel heavy-duty engines.
[59 FR 48521, Sept. 21, 1994]
The definitions in §86.084-2 apply to this subpart.
The abbreviations in §86.078-3 apply to this subpart.
The section numbering system set forth in §86.084-4 applies to this subpart.
[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 59 FR 48521, Sept. 21, 1994]
The procedures described in this and subsequent sections will be the test program to determine the conformity of engines with the standards set forth in §86.084-11(b).
(a) The test consists of a prescribed sequence of engine operating conditions on an engine dynamometer with continuous examination of the exhaust gases. The test is applicable equally to controlled engines equipped with means for preventing, controlling, or eliminating smoke emissions and to uncontrolled engines.
(b) The test is designed to determine the opacity of smoke in exhaust emissions during those engine operating conditions which tend to promote smoke from diesel vehicles.
(c) The test procedure begins with a preconditioned engine which is then run through preloading and preconditioning operations. After an idling period, the engine is operated through acceleration and lugging modes during which smoke emission measurements are made to compare with the standards. The engine is then returned to the idle condition and the acceleration and lugging modes are repeated. Three consecutive sequences of acceleration and lugging constitutes the full set of operating conditions for smoke emission measurement.
(d)(1) Except in cases of component mulfunction or failure, all emission control systems installed on, or incorporated in, a new motor vehicle engine shall be functioning during all procedures in this subpart.
(2) Maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure shall be authorized in accordance with §86.084-25.
[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48140, Dec. 10, 1984; 54 FR 14559, Apr. 11, 1989]
The requirements of this section are set forth in §86.1313.
[54 FR 14559, Apr. 11, 1989]
(a) The following sequence of operations shall be performed during engine dynamometer testing of smoke emissions, starting with the dynamometer preloading determined and the engine preconditioned (§86.884-12(c)).
(1) Idle Mode. The engine is caused to idle for 5.0 to 5.5 minutes at the manufacturer's recommended curb idle speed. The dynamometer controls shall be set to provide the speed and load necessary to comply with the heavy-duty “curb idle” definition per §86.084-2, in accordance with predominant engine application.
(2) Acceleration mode. (i) The engine speed shall be increased to 200 ±50 rpm above the measured free idle speed measured at the point where the throttle begins to move from part-throttle to the full throttle position. The speed anywhere during this mode should not exceed this checkpoint speed by more than 50 rpm. The duration of this first acceleration shall be three seconds or less measured from the point where the speed first begins to increase above idle to the point where the throttle reaches full open position.
(ii) Immediately upon completion of the mode specified in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section, the throttle shall be moved rapidly to, and held in, the fully open position. The inertia of the engine and the dynamometer, or alternately a preselected dynamometer load, shall be used to control the acceleration of the engine so that the speed increases to 85 percent of the rated speed in 5 ±1.5 seconds. This acceleration shall be linear within 100 rpm as specified in §86.884-13(c).
(iii) After the engine reaches the speed required in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section the throttle shall be moved rapidly to, and held in, the fully closed position. Immediately after the throttle is closed, the preselected load required to perform the acceleration in paragraph (a)(2)(iv) of this section shall be applied. For electric motoring dynamometer operation in speed mode, the deceleration shall be performed in 2±1.5 seconds.
(iv) When the engine decelerates to the intermediate speed (within 50 rpm), the throttle shall be moved rapidly to, and held in, the fully open position. The preselected dynamometer load which was applied during the preceding transition period shall be used to control the acceleration of the engine so that the speed increases to at least 95 percent of the rated speed in 10 ±2 seconds.
(v) For electric dynamometer operation in speed mode, motoring assist may be used to offset excessive dynamometer inertia load when necessary. No negative flywheel torque shall occur during any of the three acceleration modes in paragraph (a)(2) of this section except for a maximum of 10ft-lbs. for the first 0.5 second of the mode.
(3) Lugging mode. (i) Immediately upon the completion of the preceding acceleration mode, the dynamometer controls shall be adjusted to permit the engine to develop maximum horsepower at rated speed. This transition period shall be 50 to 60 seconds in duration. During the last 10 seconds of this period, the average engine speed shall be maintained within 50 rpm of the rated speed, and the average observed power (corrected, if necessary, to rating conditions) shall be no less than 95 percent of the maximum horsepower developed during the preconditioning prior to the smoke cycle.
(ii) With the throttle remaining in the fully open position, the dynamometer controls shall be adjusted gradually so that the engine speed is reduced to the intermediate speed. This lugging operation shall be performed smoothly over a period of 35#5 seconds. The rate of slowing of the engine shall be linear, within 100 rpm, as specified in §86.884-13(c).
(4) Engine unloading. Within five seconds of completing the preceding lugging mode, the dynamometer and engine controls shall be returned to the idle position described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. The engine must be at free idle condition within one minute after completion of the lugging mode.
(b) The procedures described in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(4) of this section shall be repeated until three consecutive valid cycles have been completed. If three valid cycles have not been completed after a total of six consecutive cycles have been run, the engine shall be preconditioned by operation at maximum horsepower at rated speed for 10 minutes before the test sequence is repeated.
[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48141, Dec. 10, 1984; 52 FR 47870, Dec. 16, 1987; 62 FR 47122, Sept. 5, 1997]
The following equipment shall be used for smoke emission testing of engines on engine dynamometers:
(a) An engine dynamometer with adequate characteristics to perform the test cycle described in §86.884-7.
(b) An engine cooling system having sufficient capacity to maintain the engine at normal operating temperatures during conduct of the prescribed engine tests.
(c) An exhaust system with an appropriate type of smokemeter placed no more than 32 feet from the exhaust manifold(s), turbocharger outlet(s), exhaust aftertreatment device(s), or crossover junction (on Vee engines), whichever is farthest downstream. The smoke exhaust system shall present an exhaust backpressure within ±0.2 inch Hg of the upper limit at maximum rated horsepower, as established by the engine manufacturer in his sales and service literature for vehicle application. The following options may also be used:
(1) For engines with multiple exhaust outlets, join the exhaust outlets together into a single exhaust system and install the smokemeter 10 to 32 feet downstream from the junction of the individual exhaust outlets, or exhaust aftertreatment device(s), whichever is farthest downstream.
(2) For engines with multiple exhaust outlets, install a smokemeter in each of the exhaust pipes 10 to 32 feet downstream from each exhaust manifold, turbocharger outlet, or exhaust aftertreatment device, whichever is farthest downstream.
(3) For engines with multiple exhaust outlets, install a smokemeter on the exhaust pipe which produces the highest smoke levels 10 to 32 feet downstream from the exhaust manifold, turbocharger outlet, or exhaust aftertreatment device, whichever is farthest downstream. It may be required to make smoke measurements from other exhaust outlets if deemed appropriate by the Administrator.
(4) When utilizing an end-of-line smokemeter, the terminal two feet of the exhaust pipe used for smoke measurement shall be of a circular cross section and be free of elbows and bends. The end of the pipe shall be cut off squarely. The terminal two feet of the exhaust pipe shall have a nominal inside diameter in accordance with the engine being tested, as specified below:
Maximum rated horsepower | Exhaust pipe diameter (inches) |
---|---|
HP<50 | 1.5 |
50?HP<100 | 2.0 |
100?HP<200 | 3.0 |
200?HP<300 | 4.0 |
300?HP<500 | 5.0 |
HP?500 | 6.0 |
(5) When utilizing an in-line smokemeter, there shall be no change in the exhaust pipe diameter within 3 exhaust pipe diameters before or after the centerline of the smokemeter optics. Within 6 exhaust pipe diameters upstream of the centerline of the smokemeter optics, no change in exhaust pipe diameter may exceed a 12 degree half-angle.
(d) An engine air inlet system presenting an air inlet restriction within one inch of water of the upper limit for the engine operating condition which results in maximum air flow, as established by the engine manufacturer in his sales and service literature, for the engine being tested.
[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 62 FR 47122, Sept. 5, 1997; 63 FR 63967, Nov. 17, 1998; 70 FR 40437, July 13, 2005]
(a) Schematic drawing. The Figure I84-1 is a schematic drawing of the optical system of the light extinction meter.
(b) Equipment. The following equipment shall be used in the system.
(1) Adapter - the smokemeter optical unit may be mounted on a fixed or movable frame. The normal unrestricted shape of the exhaust plume shall not be modified by the adaptor, the meter, or any ventilatory system used to remove the exhaust from the test site.
(2) Smokemeter (light extinction meter) - continuous recording, full-flow light obscuration meter.
(i) It is positioned so that a built-in light beam traverses the exhaust smoke plume at right angles to the axis of the exhaust stream.
(ii) The smokemeter light source shall be an incandescent lamp with a color temperature range of 2800K to 3250K, or a light source with a spectral peak between 550 to 570 nanometers.
(iii) The light output is collimated to a beam with a maximum diameter of 1.125 inches and an included angle of divergence within a 6° included angle.
(iv) The light detector shall be a photocell or photodiode. If the light source is an incandescent lamp, the detector shall have a spectral response similar to the photopic curve of the human eye (a maximum response in the range of 550 to 570 nanometers, to less than 4 percent of that maximum response below 430 nanometers and above 680 nanometers).
(v) A collimating tube with apertures equal to the beam diameter is attached to the detector to restrict the viewing angle of the detector to within a 16° included angle.
(vi) An amplified signal corresponding to the amount of light blocked is recorded continuously on a remote recorder.
(vii) An air curtain across the light source and detector window assemblies may be used to minimize deposition of smoke particles on those surfaces provided that it does not measurably affect the opacity of the plume.
(viii) The smokemeter consists of two units; an optical unit and a remote control unit.
(ix) Light extinction meters employing substantially identical measurement principles and producing substantially equivalent results, but which employ other electronic and optical techniques, may be used only after having been approved in advance by the Administrator.
(3) Recorder - a continuous recorder, with variable chart speed over a minimal range of 0.5 to 8.0 inches per minute (or equivalent) and an automatic marker indicating 1-second intervals continuously records the exhaust gas opacity, engine rpm and throttle position.
(i) The recorder is equipped to indicate only when the throttle is in the fully open or fully closed position.
(ii) The recorder scale for opacity is linear and calibrated to read from 0 to 100 percent opacity full scale.
(iii) The opacity trace has a resolution within one percent opacity.
(iv) The recorder scale for engine rpm is linear and has a resolution of 30 rpm.
(v) The throttle position trace clearly indicates when the throttle is in the fully open and fully closed positions.
(vi) Any means other than a strip-chart recorder may be used provided it produces a permanent visual data record of quality equal to or better than that described above (e.g., tabulated data, traces, or plots).
(4) The recorder used with the smokemeter shall be capable of full-scale deflection in 0.5 second or less. The smokemeter-recorder combination may be damped so that signals with a frequency higher than 10 cycles per second are attenuated. A separate lowpass electronic filter with the following performance characteristics may be installed between the smokemeter and the recorder to achieve the high-frequency attenuation:
(i) Three decibel point - 10 cycles per second.
(ii) Insertion loss - zero ±0.5 decibel.
(iii) Selectivity - 12 decibels per octave above 10 cycles per second.
(iv) Attenuation - 27 decibels down at 40 cycles per second minimum.
(5) In lieu of the use of chart recorders, automatic data collection equipment may be used to record all required data. Automatic data processing equipment may then be used to perform the data analysis specified in §86.884-13. The automatic data collection equipment must be capable of sampling at least two records per second.
(c) Assembling equipment. (1) The optical unit of the smokemeter shall be mounted radially to the exhaust pipe so that the measurement will be made at right angles to the axis of the exhaust plume. For an end-of-line smokemeter the distance from the optical centerline to the exhaust pipe outlet shall be 1 ±0.25 inch. The full flow of the exhaust stream shall be centered between the source and the detector apertures (or windows and lenses) and on the axis of the light beam.
(2) Power shall be supplied to the control unit of the smokemeter in time to allow at least 15 minutes for stabilization prior to testing.
[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48141, Dec. 10, 1984; 62 FR 47122, Sept. 5, 1997]
The following information, as applicable, shall be recorded for each test:
(a) Engine description and specifications. A copy of the information specified in this paragraph must accompany each engine sent to the Administrator for compliance testing. If the engine is submitted to the Administrator for testing under subpart N of this part or 40 CFR part 1065, only the specified information need accompany the engine. The manufacturer need not record the information specified in this paragraph for each test if the information, with the exception of paragraphs (a)(3), (a)(12), and (a)(13) of this section, is included in the manufacturer's part I.
(1) Engine-system combination.
(2) Engine identification numbers.
(3) Number of hours of operation accumulated on engine.
(4) Rated maximum horsepower and torque.
(5) Maximum horsepower and torque speeds.
(6) Engine displacement.
(7) Governed speed.
(8) Idle rpm.
(9) Fuel consumption at maximum power and torque.
(10) Maximum air flow.
(11) Maximum and test air inlet restriction.
(12) Exhaust pipe diameter(s).
(13) Maximum exhaust system backpressure.
(b) Test data; general. This information may be recorded at any time between four hours prior to the test and four hours after the test.
(1) Engine-system combination.
(2) Engine identification numbers.
(3) Instrument operator.
(4) Engine operator.
(5) Number of hours of operation accumulated on the engine prior to beginning the warm-up portion of the test.
(6) Calibration date(s) of neutral density filters used to calibrate the smokemeter.
(c) Test data; pre-test.
(1) Date and time of day.
(2) Test number.
(3) Barometric pressure.
(4) [Reserved]
(5) Intake air humidity and temperature:
(i) Humidity-conditioned air supply. Air that has had its absolute humidity altered is considered humidity-conditioned air. For this type of intake air supply, the humidity measurement must be made within the intake air supply system, and after the humidity conditioning has taken place.
(ii) Non-conditioned air supply. Humidity measurements in non-conditioned intake air supply systems must be made in the intake air stream entering the supply system and within 18 inches of the inlet for supply system. Alternatively, the humidity measurements can be measured within the intake air supply stream.
(iii) Engine intake air temperature measurement must be made within 48 inches of the engine. The measurement location must be made either in the supply system or in the air stream entering the supply system.
(d) Test data; modal. (1) Observed engine torque and speed during the steady-state test conditions specified in §86.884-7(a)(3)(i).
(2) On the recorder or automatic data collection equipment: Identify zero traces - calibration traces - idle traces (or printout of the zero and calibration values) - closed-throttle trace-open throttle trace - acceleration and lugdown test traces - start and finish of each test.
[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48141, Dec. 10, 1984; 62 FR 47123, Sept. 5, 1997; 70 FR 40437, July 13, 2005]
(a) The smokemeter shall be checked according to the following procedure prior to each test:
(1) [Reserved]
(2) The zero control shall be adjusted under conditions of “no smoke” to give a recorder or data collection equipment response of zero;
(3) Calibrated neutral density filters having approximately 10, 20, and 40 percent opacity shall be employed to check the linearity of the instrument. The filter(s) shall be inserted in the light path perpendicular to the axis of the beam and adjacent to the opening from which the beam of light from the light source emanates, and the recorder response shall be noted. Filters with exposed filtering media should be checked for opacity every six months; all other filters shall be checked every year, using NBS or equivalent reference filters. Deviations in excess of 1 percent of the nominal opacity shall be corrected.
(b) The instruments for measuring and recording engine rpm, engine torque, air inlet restrictions, exhaust system backpressure, throttle position, etc., which are used in the test prescribed herein, shall be calibrated in accordance with good engineering practice.
[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48141, Dec. 10, 1984]
(a) The temperature of the air supplied to the engine shall be between 68°F and 86°F. The engine fuel inlet temperature shall be 100°F ±10°F and shall be measured at a point specified by the manufacturer. The observed barometric pressure shall be between 28.5 inches and 31 inches Hg. Higher air temperature or lower barometric pressure may be used, if desired, but no allowance will be made for possible increased smoke emissions because of such conditions.
(b) The governor and fuel system shall have been adjusted to provide engine performance at the levels in the application for certification required under §86.084-21.
(c) The following steps shall be taken for each test:
(1) Start cooling system;
(2) Warm up the engine by the procedure described in 40 CFR 1065.530.
(3) Determine by experimentation the dynamometer inertia and dynamometer load required to perform the acceleration in the dynamometer cycle for smoke emission tests (§86.884-7(a)(2)). In a manner appropriate for the dynamometer and controls being used, arrange to conduct the acceleration mode;
(4) Install smokemeter optical unit and connect it to the recorder/data collection system. Connect the engine rpm and throttle position sensing devices to the recorder/data collection system;
(5) Turn on purge air to the optical unit of the smokemeter, if purge air is used;
(6) Check and record zero and span settings of the smokemeter. (If a recorder is used, a chart speed of approximately one inch per minute shall be used.) The optical unit shall be retracted from its position about the exhaust stream if the engine is left running;
(7) Precondition the engine by operating it for 10 minutes at maximum rated horsepower;
(8) Proceed with the sequence of smoke emission measurements on the engine dynamometer as prescribed in §86.884-7;
(9)(i) During the test sequence of §86.884-7, continuously record smoke measurements, engine rpm, and throttle position.
(ii) If a chart recorder is used for data collection, it shall be run at a minimum chart speed of one inch per minute during the idle mode and transitional periods, and eight inches per minute during the acceleration and lugging modes.
(iii) Automatic data collection equipment, if used, shall sample at least two records per second.
(iv) The smoke meter zero and full scale response may be rechecked and reset during the idle mode of each test sequence.
(v) If either zero or full-scale drift is in excess of 2 percent opacity, the smokemeter controls must be readjusted and the test must be repeated;
(10) Turn off engine;
(11)(i) Check zero and reset if necessary.
(ii) Check span response (linearity) of the smokemeter by inserting neutral density filters.
(iii) If either zero drift or the linearity check is in excess of two percent opacity, the results shall be invalidated.
[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48141, Dec. 10, 1984; 52 FR 47870, Dec. 16, 1987; 70 FR 40437, July 13, 2005]
The following procedure shall be used to analyze the test data:
(a) Locate the modes specified in §86.884-7(a)(1) through (a)(4) by applying the following starting and ending criteria:
(1) The idle mode specified in §86.884-7(a)(1) starts when engine preconditioning or the lugging mode of a preceding cycle has been completed and ends when the engine speed is raised above the idle speed.
(2) The acceleration mode specified in §86.884-7(a)(2)(i) starts when the preceding idle mode has been completed and ends when the throttle is in the fully open position, as indicated by the throttle position trace as specified in §86.884-7(a)(2)(ii).
(3) The acceleration mode specified in §86.884-7(a)(2)(ii) starts when the preceding acceleration mode has been completed and ends when the engine speed reaches 85 percent of the rated speed.
(4) The transition period specified in §86.884-7(a)(2)(iii) starts when the preceding acceleration mode has been completed and ends when the throttle is in the fully open position as indicated by the throttle position trace, as specified in §86.884-7(a)(2)(iv).
(5) The acceleration mode specified in §86.884-7(a)(2)(iv) starts when the preceding transition period has been completed and ends when the engine speed reaches 95 percent of the rated speed.
(6) The transition period specified in §86.884-7 (a)(3)(i) starts when the preceding acceleration mode has been completed and ends when the engine speed is 50 rpm below the rated speed and the provisions of §86.884-7 (a)(3)(i) are met.
(7) The lugging mode specified in §86.884-7(a)(3)(ii) starts when the preceding transition period has been completed and ends when the engine speed is at the intermediate speed.
(b) Determine if the test requirements of §86.884-7 are met by applying the following modal criteria:
(1) Idle mode as specified in §86.884-7(a)(1):
(i) Duration: 5 to 5.5 minutes.
(ii) Speed: within specification during the last four minutes of the mode.
(2) Acceleration mode as specified in §86.884-7(a)(2)(i).
(i) Duration: three seconds or less.
(ii) Speed increase: 200±50 rpm.
(3) Acceleration mode as specified in §86.884-7(a)(2)(ii);
(i) Linearity: ±100 rpm as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
(ii) Duration: 3.5 to 6.5 seconds.
(iii) Throttle position: fully open until speed is at least 85 percent of the rated speed.
(4) Transition period as specified in §86.884-7(a)(2)(i):
(i) Throttle position: moved rapidly to, and held in, the fully closed position.
(5) Acceleration mode as specified in §86.884-7(a)(2)(v):
(i) Duration: 8 to 12 seconds.
(ii) Throttle position: fully open when speed is at intermediate speed.
(6) Transition period as specified in §86.884-7(a)(3)(i):
(i) Duration: 50 to 60 seconds.
(ii) Average speed during the last 10 seconds shall be within ±50 rpm of rated speed.
(iii) Average observed power during the last 10 seconds shall be at least 95 percent of the horsepower developed during the preconditioning mode.
(7) Lugging mode as specified in §86.884-7(a)(3)(i):
(i) Linearity: ±100 rpm as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
(ii) Duration: 30 to 40 seconds.
(iii) Speed at end: intermediate speed.
(c) Determine if the linearity requirements of §86.884-7 were met by means of the following procedure:
(1) For the acceleration mode specified in §86.884-7(a)(2)(ii), note the maximum deflection of the rpm trace from a straight line drawn between the starting and ending points specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
(2) For the lugging mode specified in §86.884-7(a)(3)(ii), note the maximum deflection of the rpm trace from a straight line drawn from the starting and ending points specified in paragraph (a)(7) of this section.
(3) The test results will be invalid if any deflection is greater than 100 rpm.
(4) This linearity check may be performed by direct analysis of the recorder traces, or by computer analysis of data collected by automatic data collection equipment.
(d) Analyze the smoke trace by means of the following procedure:
(1) Starting at the beginning of the first acceleration, as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, and stopping at the end of the second acceleration, as defined in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, divide the smoke trace into half-second intervals. Similarly, subdivide into half-second intervals the third acceleration mode and the lugging mode as defined by paragraphs (a) (5) and (7) respectively, of this section.
(2) Determine the average smoke reading during each half-second interval.
(3) Locate and record the 15 highest half-second readings during the acceleration mode of each dynamometer cycle.
(4) Locate and record the five highest half-second readings during the lugging mode of each dynamometer cycle.
(5) Examine the average half-second values which were determined in paragraphs (d)(3) and (d)(4) of this section and record the three highest values for each dynamometer cycle.
(6) This smoke trace analysis may be performed by direct analysis of the recorder traces, or by computer analysis of data collected by automatic data collection equipment.
[48 FR 52203, Nov. 16, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 48141, Dec. 10, 1984; 62 FR 47123, Sept. 5, 1997]
(a) If the measured half-second opacity values were obtained with a smokemeter with an optical path length different than shown in the table in §86.884-8(c), then convert the measured half-second values or the original instantaneous values to the appropriate equivalent optical path length values specified in the table. Convert the opacity values according to the following equations:
Lm and Ls must use consistent units in the above equation
Where:
Nm = Measured half-second value for conversion, percent opacity
Lm = Measuring smokemeter optical path length, meters
Ls = Standard optical path length corresponding with engine power, n
Ns = Standard half-second value, percent opacity
(b) Average the 45 readings in §86.884-13(d)(3) or the equivalent converted values from paragraph (a) of this section if appropriate, and designate the value as “A”. This is the value for the engine acceleration mode.
(c) Average the 15 readings in §86.884-13(d)(4) or the equivalent converted values from paragraph (a) of this section if appropriate, and designate the value as “B”. This is the value for the engine lugging mode.
(d) Average the 9 readings in §86.884-13(d)(5) or the equivalent converted values from paragraph (a) of this section if appropriate, and designate the value as “C”. This is the value for the peaks in either mode.
(e)(1) If multiple smokemeters were used, the half-second values for each mode from each smokemeter shall be combined and the calculated average based upon the total number of combined values.
(2) For example, if two smokemeters were used for acceleration mode data, 45 half-second values in each data set from both smokemeters would be combined to form a data set of 90 values, which would then be averaged.
[62 FR 47123, Sept. 5, 1997, as amended at 69 FR 2441, Jan. 15, 2004]