['Industrial Hygiene']
['Hearing Conservation and Noise']
03/12/2025
...
Double hearing protection (or the use of ear muffs and ear plugs at the same time) is needed if using a single hearing protection method doesn’t reduce the employee’s exposure to a safe level.
As usual, there’s some math involved in determining just how much additional protection you get from wearing two types of hearing protection. You don’t simply add the two hearing protector noise reduction rating (NRR) values and use that as the amount of noise reduction. Rather, the precise calculation you need to use is in OSHA’s Technical Manual.
In general, you take the highest of the two NRR values and subtract 7 from it. Then you take half of that number and add 5 to it. This is the NRR value of the combined protection. When you then subtract that from the decibel level the employee was exposed to, you get the amount of noise the worker is exposed to while wearing the hearing protection.
Cutting the number in half accounts for the fact that OSHA assumes the hearing protectors are really only about half as effective when worn in the field as they are when they are tested to get the NRR value. Adding the 5 accounts for the additional protection from the second protector.
Adding earplugs under earmuffs does provide more protection, but really not as much as you might think it would be.
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