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Air compressors are used for many purposes in industry. They supply, for example, air for pneumatic tools, and breathing air to respirators. Compressed air is used for tasks such as sandblasting, cleaning, painting or other spraying, and operating hoists. The tanks need to be maintained and stored in a proper manner, and the air not be used for that which it is not intended.
An air compressor works by mechanically decreasing the volume of air by increasing its pressure. During compression, the temperature of the air increases.
Scope
Air compressor systems include compressors, coolers, air receivers, air dryers, controls, and distribution piping. Plant air can be provided for the operation of air-powered tools and other uses. Instrument air is provided for use in pneumatic instruments and controls, air motors and purge connections.
Regulatory citations
- 29 CFR 1910.94 — Ventilation
- 29 CFR 1910.134 — Respiratory protection
- 29 CFR 1910.169 — Air receivers
- 29 CFR 1910.242 — Hand and portable powered tools and equipment, general
Key definitions
- Clean air: Air of such purity that it will not cause harm or discomfort to an individual if it is inhaled for extended periods of time.
- Grade D breathing air: The minimum quality of air, compressed for breathing purposes.
Summary of requirements
Since air is under pressure, it has the hazards associated with compressed gasses. Some of the most critical requirements are outlined below:
- When a high-pressure cylinder accidentally ruptures or when a valve assembly breaks off, rocketing can occur. If the pressure of the contents increases enough, it can drive the cylinder, turning it into a missile that can blast its way right through a concrete wall.
- Flammable gases catch fire easily and burn quickly. If you were to add flammability to a compression hazard, you would have some extremely dangerous materials.
- If an air compressor is used inside a building or other structure, carbon monoxide may build up.
- If the air compressor is to be used to supply air to a respirator, it must produce grade D or better breathing air.
- Air compressors should be located so that the suction does not take in flammable vapors or corrosive gases. There is a potential for fire should a leak occur in gas compressors.
- If maximum pressure could potentially be greater than compressor or process-equipment design pressure, pressure relief should be provided. Guarding is needed for exposed moving parts on compressors. Compressor buildings should be properly electrically classified, and provisions should be made for proper ventilation.
- Safe work practices and/or appropriate personal protective equipment may be needed for exposure to hazards such as noise and during inspection and maintenance activities. The use of appropriate safeguards must be considered so that plant and instrument air is not used for breathing or pressuring potable water systems.
- When air compressors are used in industry settings, some precautions are called for. The energy behind the pressurized air can be released with substantial force. The specific task for which compressed air is being used may have its own safety requirements, such as eye protection when flying debris is present, or respirators if there is an unsafe level of hazardous airborne particles present.
- If the compressor is used to supply breathing air, ensure that oil suitable for use in breathing air applications is used. If oil is required, a high-temperature or carbon monoxide alarm, or both, must be used to monitor carbon monoxide levels.