['Air Programs']
['Hazardous Air Pollutants']
02/27/2022
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(a) The following terms used in this subpart have the meaning given them in the CAA, §63.2, subpart SS (§63.981), subpart WW (§63.1061), 40 CFR 60.111b, subpart F (§63.101), subpart G (§63.111), subpart FFFF (§63.2550), as specified after each term:
Administrator (§63.2)
Article (40 CFR 372.3)
Batch operation (§63.2550)
Boiler (§63.111)
Bottoms receiver (§63.2550)
CAA (§63.2)
Closed-vent system (§63.981)
Combustion device (§63.111)
Commenced (§63.2)
Compliance date (§63.2)
Container (§63.111)
Continuous monitoring system (§63.2)
Continuous operation (§63.2550)
Control device (§63.111)
Distillation unit (§63.111)
Emission standard (§63.2)
EPA (§63.2)
Fill or filling (§63.111)
Floating roof (§63.1061)
Fuel gas system (§63.981)
Halogen atoms (§63.2550)
Halogenated vent stream (§63.2550)
Halogens and hydrogen halides (§63.2550)
Hazardous air pollutant (§63.2)
Heat exchange system (§63.101)
Incinerator (§63.111)
Isolated intermediate (§63.2550)
Maintenance wastewater (§63.2550)
Major source (§63.2)
Maximum true vapor pressure (§63.111)
Oil-water separator or organic-water separator (§63.111)
Operating permit (§63.101)
Owner or operator (§63.2)
Performance test (§63.2)
Permitting authority (§63.2)
Process condenser (§63.2550)
Process heater (§63.111)
Process tank (§63.2550)
Process wastewater (§63.101)
Reactor (§63.111)
Responsible official (§63.2)
State (§63.2)
Supplemental gases (§63.2550)
Surge control vessel (§63.2550)
Test method (§63.2)
Unit operation (§63.101)
(b) All other terms used in this subpart shall have the meaning given them in this section. If a term is defined in the CAA, §63.2, subpart SS (§63.981), subpart WW (§63.1061), 40 CFR 60.111b, subpart F (§63.101), subpart G (§63.111), or subpart FFFF (§63.2550), and in this section, it shall have the meaning given in this section for purposes of this subpart.
Affirmative defense means, in the context of an enforcement proceeding, a response or defense put forward by a defendant, regarding which the defendant has the burden of proof, and the merits of which are independently and objectively evaluated in a judicial or administrative proceeding.
Ancillary activities means boilers, incinerators, and process heaters not used to comply with the emission standards in §§63.11495 through 63.11500, chillers and other refrigeration systems, and other equipment and activities that are not directly involved (i.e., they operate within a closed system and materials are not combined with process fluids) in the processing of raw materials or the manufacturing of a product or intermediates used in the production of the product.
Batch process vent means a vent from a CMPU or vents from multiple CMPUs within a process that are manifolded together into a common header, through which a HAP-containing gas stream is, or has the potential to be, released to the atmosphere. Batch process vents include vents from batch operations and vents with intermittent flow from continuous operations that are not combined with any stream that originated as a continuous gas stream from the same continuousprocess. Examples of batch process vents include, but are not limited to, vents on condensers used for product recovery, reactors, filters, centrifuges, and process tanks. The following are not batch process vents for the purposes of this subpart:
(1) Continuous process vents;
(2) Bottoms receivers;
(3) Surge control vessels;
(4) Gaseous streams routed to a fuel gas system(s);
(5) A gas stream routed to other processes for reaction or other use in another process (i.e., for chemical value as a product, isolated intermediate, byproduct, or coproduct, or for heat value).
(6) Vents on storage tanks or wastewater systems;
(7) Drums, pails, and totes; and
(8) Emission streams from emission episodes that are undiluted and uncontrolled containing less than 50 ppmv HAP are not part of any batch process vent. The HAP concentration may be determined using any of the following: process knowledge, an engineering assessment, or test data.
Byproduct means a chemical (liquid, gas, or solid) that is produced coincidentally during the production of the product.
Chemical manufacturing process means all equipment which collectively functions to produce a product or isolated intermediate. A process includes, but is not limited to any, all, or a combination of reaction, recovery, separation, purification, or other activity, operation, manufacture, or treatment which are used to produce a product or isolated intermediate. A process is also defined by the following:
(1) All cleaning operations;
(2) Each nondedicated solvent recovery operation is considered a single process;
(3) Each nondedicated formulation operation is considered a single process;
(4) Quality assurance/quality control laboratories are not considered part of any process;
(5) Ancillary activities are not considered a process or part of any process; and
(6) The end of a process that produces a solid material is either up to and including the dryer or extruder, or for a polymer production process without a dryer or extruder, it is up to and including the die plate or solid-state reactor, except in two cases. If the dryer, extruder, die plate, or solid-state reactor is followed by an operation that is designed and operated to remove HAP solvent or residual monomer from the solid, then the solvent removal operation is the last step in the process. If the dried solid is diluted or mixed with a HAP-based solvent, then the solvent removal operation is the last step in the process.
Continuous process vent means a “process vent” as defined in §63.101 in subpart F of this part, except:
(1) The reference in §63.107(e) to a chemical manufacturing process unit that meets the criteria of §63.100(b) means a CMPU that meets the criteria of §63.11494(a) and (b);
(2) The reference in §63.107(h)(2) to subpart H means §63.11495(a) for the purposes of this subpart;
(3) The reference in §63.107(h)(4) to §63.113 means Tables 2 and 3 to this subpart;
(4) The reference in §63.107(h)(7) to §63.119 means Table 5 to this subpart, and the reference to §63.126 does not apply for the purposes of this subpart;
(5) The second sentence in the definition of “process vent” in §63.101 does not apply for the purposes of this subpart;
(6) The references to an “air oxidation reactor, distillation unit, or reactor” in §63.107 means any continuous operation for the purposes of this subpart;
(7) Section §63.107(h)(8) does not apply for the purposes of this subpart; and
(8) A separate determination is required for the emissions from each CMPU, even if emission streams from two or more CMPU are combined prior to discharge to the atmosphere or to a control device.
Co-Product means a chemical that is produced during the production of another chemical, both for their intended production.
Deviation means any instance in which an affected source subject to this subpart, or an owner or operator of such a source fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this subpart, including, but not limited to any emissions limitation or management practice; or fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is included in the operating permit for any affected source required to obtain such a permit.
Engineering assessment means, but is not limited to, the following:
(1) Previous test results provided the tests are representative of current operating practices at the process unit.
(2) Bench-scale or pilot-scale test data representative of the process under representative operating conditions.
(3) Maximum flow rate, TOC emission rate, organic HAP emission rate, metal HAP emission rate, or net heating value limit specified or implied within a permit limit applicable to the process vent.
(4) Design analysis based on accepted chemical engineering principles, measurable process parameters, or physical or chemical laws or properties. Examples of analytical methods include, but are not limited to:
(i) Use of material balances based on process stoichiometry to estimate maximum organic HAP or metal HAP concentrations;
(ii) Estimation of maximum flow rate based on physical equipment design such as pump or blower capacities;
(iii) Estimation of TOC, organic HAP, or metal HAP concentrations based on saturation conditions; or
(iv) Estimation of maximum expected net heating value based on the vent stream concentration of each organic compound or, alternatively, as if all TOC in the vent stream were the compound with the highest heating value.
(5) All data, assumptions, and procedures used in the engineering assessment shall be documented.
Equipment means each pump, compressor, agitator, pressure relief device, sampling connection system, open-ended valve or line, valve, connector, and instrumentation system in or associated with a CMPU.
Family of materials means a grouping of materials that have the same basic composition or the same basic end use or functionality; are produced using the same basic feedstocks, the same manufacturing equipment configuration and in the same sequence of steps; and whose production results in emissions of the same Table 1 HAP at approximately the same rate per pound of product produced. Examples of families of materials include multiple grades of same product or different variations of a product (e.g., blue, black and red resins).
Feedstock means any raw material, reactant, solvent, additive, or other material introduced to a CMPU.
Hazardous waste treatment, as used in the wastewater requirements, means treatment in any of the following units:
(1) A hazardous waste incinerator for which you have been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 and comply with the requirements of 40 CFR part 264, subpart O, for which you have certified compliance with the interim status requirements of 40 CFR part 265, subpart O, or for which you have submitted a Notification of Compliance under 40 CFR 63.1207(j) and comply with the requirements of 40 CFR part 63, subpart EEE at all times (including times when non-hazardous waste is being burned);
(2) A process heater or boiler for which you have been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 and comply with the requirements of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H, for which you have certified compliance with the interim status requirements of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H, or for which you have submitted a Notification of Compliance under 40 CFR 63.1207(j) and comply with the requirements of 40 CFR part 63, subpart EEE at all times (including times when non-hazardous waste is being burned); or
(3) An underground injection well for which you have been issued a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 or 40 CFR part 144 and comply with the requirements of 40 CFR part 122.
In metal HAP service means that a process vessel or piece of equipment either contains or contacts a feedstock, byproduct, or product that contains metal HAP. A process vessel is no longer in metal HAP service after the vessel has been emptied to the extent practicable (i.e., a vessel with liquid left on process vessel walls or as bottom clingage, but not in pools, due to floor irregularity, is considered completely empty) and any cleaning has been completed.
In organic HAP service means that a process vessel or piece of equipment either contains or contacts a feedstock, byproduct, or product that contains an organic HAP, excluding any organic HAP used in manual cleaning activities. A process vessel is no longer in organic HAP service after the vessel has been emptied to the extent practicable (i.e., a vessel with liquid left on process vessel walls or as bottom clingage, but not in pools, due to floor irregularity, is considered completely empty) and any cleaning has been completed.
In VOC service means that a process vessel or piece of equipment either contains or contacts a fluid that contains VOC.
Metal HAP means the compounds containing metals listed as HAP in section 112(b) of the CAA.
Metal HAP process vent means the point of discharge to the atmosphere (or inlet to a control device, if any) of a metal HAP-containing gas stream from any CMPU at an affected source containing at least 50 ppmv metal HAP. The metal HAP concentration may be determined using any of the following: process knowledge, an engineering assessment, or test data.
Organic HAP means any organic HAP listed in section 112(b) of the CAA. For the purposes of requirements in this subpart VVVVVV, hydrazine is to be considered an organic HAP.
Point of determination means “point of determination” as defined in §63.111 in subpart G of this part, except:
(1) The reference to Table 8 or Table 9 compounds means Table 9 (subpart G) or Table 7 (subpart VVVVVV) compounds;
(2) The reference to “as determined in §63.144 of this subpart” does not apply for the purposes of this subpart; and
(3) The point of determination is made at the point where the stream exits the CMPU. If a recovery device is used, the point of determination is after the last recovery device.
Process vessel means each vessel, except hand-held containers, used in the processing of raw materials to chemical products. Examples include, but are not limited to reactors, distillation units, centrifuges, mixing vessels, and process tanks.
Product means a compound or chemical which is manufactured as the intended product of the CMPU. Products include co-products. By-products, impurities, wastes, and trace contaminants are not considered products.
Reactive material means energetics, organic peroxides, and unstable chemicals such as chemicals that react violently with water and chemicals that vigorously polymerize, decompose, or become self-reactive under conditions of pressure or temperature.
Recovery device means an individual unit of equipment capable of and normally used for the purpose of recovering organic chemicals or metal-containing chemicals for fuel value (i.e., net positive heating value), use, reuse, or for sale for fuel value, use, or reuse. Examples of equipment that may be recovery devices include absorbers, carbon adsorbers, condensers, oil-water separators or organic-water separators, or organic removal devices such as decanters, strippers, or thin-film evaporation units.
Resinous material means a viscous, high-boiling point material resembling pitch or tar, such as plastic resin, that sticks to or hardens in the fill pipe under normal transfer conditions.
Shutdown, for a unit operation with a continuous process vent, means the cessation of the unit operation for any purpose. Shutdown begins with the initiation of steps as described in a written standard operating procedures (SOP) or shutdown plan to cease normal/stable operation (e.g., reducing or immediately stopping feed).
Startup, for a unit operation with a continuous process vent, means the setting in operation of the unit for any purpose. The period of startup ends upon completion of the transient, non-equilibrium step at the time operating conditions reach steady state for operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, composition, feed rate, and production rate. Periods of startup described by SOP manuals at the affected source may be used to determine the period of startup.
Storage tank means a tank or other vessel that is used to store liquids that contain organic HAP and that are part of a CMPU subject to this subpart VVVVVV. The following are not considered storage tanks for the purposes of this subpart:
(1) Vessels permanently attached to motor vehicles such as trucks, railcars, barges, or ships;
(2) Pressure vessels designed to operate in excess of 204.9 kilopascals (kPa) and without emissions to the atmosphere;
(3) Process tanks;
(4) Tanks storing organic liquids containing HAP only as impurities;
(5) Surge control vessels;
(6) Bottoms receivers; and
(7) Wastewater storage tanks.
Transfer operations means all product loading into tank trucks and rail cars of liquid containing organic HAP from a transfer rack. Transfer operations do not include the loading to other types of containers such as cans, drums, and totes.
Transfer rack means the system used to load organic liquids into tank trucks and railcars at a single geographic site. It includes all loading arms, pumps, meters, shutoff valves, relief valves, and other piping and equipment necessary for the transfer operation. Transfer equipment that are physically separate (i.e., do not share common piping, valves, and other equipment) are considered to be separate transfer racks.
Uncontrolled emissions means organic HAP process vent emissions or metal HAP process vent emissions, as applicable, at the outlet of the last recovery device, if any, and prior to any control device. In the absence of both recovery devices and control devices, uncontrolled emissions are the emissions discharged to the atmosphere.
Wastewater means water that is discarded from a CMPU or control device and that contains at least 5 ppmw of any HAP listed in Table 9 to 40 CFR part 63, subpart G and has an annual average flow rate of 0.02 liters per minute. Wastewater means both process wastewater and maintenance wastewater that is discarded from a CMPU or control device. The following are not considered wastewater for the purposes of this subpart:
(1) Stormwater from segregated sewers;
(2) Water from fire-fighting and deluge systems, including testing of such systems;
(3) Spills;
(4) Water from safety showers;
(5) Samples of a size not greater than reasonably necessary for the method of analysis that is used;
(6) Equipment leaks;
(7) Wastewater drips from procedures such as disconnecting hoses after cleaning lines; and
(8) Noncontact cooling water.
Wastewater stream means a single point discharge of wastewater from a CMPU or control device.
Wastewater treatment means chemical, biological, and mechanical procedures applied to wastewater to remove or reduce HAP or other chemical constituents.
[74 FR 56041, Oct. 29, 2009, as amended at 77 FR 75759, Dec. 21, 2012]
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