Carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a cumulative trauma disorder (CTD) that affects the hands and wrists. CTS occurs when the median nerve is compressed as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. The median nerve provides sensation to the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of the ring finger.

When tendons within the carpal tunnel become irritated and swollen, they can place pressure on the median nerve. This pressure may cause tingling, numbness, pain, weakness, or reduced grip strength in the hand and wrist. Symptoms are often more noticeable at night. If left untreated, CTS can result in permanent nerve damage and loss of function.

CTS typically develops over time as a result of repetitive hand and wrist motions, forceful exertions, awkward wrist positions, or prolonged use of hand tools and equipment. Employees whose jobs require frequent hand, wrist, and arm movements may be at greater risk.

Early symptoms may include fatigue, discomfort, or pain that develops during the workday and improves with rest. As the condition progresses, symptoms may become more frequent, affect work performance, and interfere with daily activities. Early reporting and treatment can help prevent the condition from becoming more severe.