What does OSHA say about the use of barrier or barricade tape and the red or yellow color that is most often associated with it?

There are many OSHA regulations that call for barricades, barriers, zones, etc. While a specific regulation may go over specific barrier tape requirements, OSHA goes over the safety colors red and yellow at 29 CFR 1910.144:

• Red shall be the basic color for the identification of:
  • Fire protection equipment and apparatus.
  • Danger. Safety cans or other portable containers of flammable liquids having a flash point at or below 80 °F, table containers of flammable liquids (open cup tester), excluding shipping containers, shall be painted red with some additional clearly visible identification either in the form of a yellow band around the can or the name of the contents conspicuously stenciled or painted on the can in yellow. Red lights shall be provided at barricades and at temporary obstructions. Danger signs shall be painted red.
  • Stop. Emergency stop bars on hazardous machines such as rubber mills, wire blocks, flat work ironers, etc., shall be red. Stop buttons or electrical switches which letters or other markings appear, used for emergency stopping of machinery shall be red.
• Yellow shall be the basic color for designating caution and for marking physical hazards such as:
  • Striking against,
  • Stumbling,
  • Falling,
  • Tripping, and
  • “Caught in between.”

Also note that ANSI Z535.5, American National Standard Safety Tags and Barricade Tapes (for Temporary Hazards), offers recommendations for barricade tape color schemes for DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION, NOTICE, or SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS formats.