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The ICAO Technical Instructions support the broad principles by establishing requirements necessary to ensure hazardous materials are safely transported in aircraft while providing a level of safety that protects the aircraft and its occupants from undue risk.
The U.S. Hazardous Materials Regulations contain provisions in 171.22, 171.23, and 171.24 which authorize, with certain conditions and limitations, the offering for transportation and the transportation in commerce of hazardous materials to, from, or within the United States in accordance with the International Civil Aviation Organization’s Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (ICAO Technical Instructions). DOT’s Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration does not recognize the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations as governing the air transport of hazardous materials.
ICAO vs. IATA. The IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, published by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) are based on the ICAO Technical Instructions and are the practical reference used by the commercial airlines.
Basically, these two sets of regulations are nearly identical. Although the airlines generally follow the requirements of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, they must comply with the ICAO Technical Instructions in cases where the two differ.