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Inconsistent and potentially environmentally unsound guidelines for non-controlled drug disposal, along with deferral by potentially responsible federal and state authorities, has led to confusion on the part of all parties involved with the use or disposal of drugs. Regulatory programs vary greatly among governing agencies, and rules are often contradictory.
Some pharmaceutical chemicals are listed as hazardous and must be managed under EPA’s hazardous waste rules.
For some substances, Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) regulations or Food and Drug Administration (FDA) policies might apply.
Other products may not be federally regulated by EPA as hazardous waste, but may be considered hazardous by OSHA based on their potential to cause harm.
Current best practices for disposal of these substances indicate that disposal to domestic sewage systems is probably the least desirable method.
One option is to return the substances to the supplier. However, regulations addressing this option vary widely and some prohibit the activity.
Some substances must be disposed of as hazardous waste. If the substance is not a hazardous waste, disposal in regular trash destined for an engineered landfill is still not desirable, but is thought to be better than flushing the substances.
For information on proper disposal of pharmaceuticals in your area, contact your state solid waste agency.