How does the U.S. government record unemployment and turnover in other industries?

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles monthly data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). This data is collected in a survey of business establishments for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. This program covers all private non-farm establishments such as factories, offices, stores, federal, state, and local government, and is a common resource used by U.S. employers. The BLS defines these terms as:

Employment: the number of persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference month. This includes full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees.