['Air Programs']
['Ozone Layer Protection']
10/23/2023
Copyright 2024 J. J. Keller & Associate, Inc. For re-use options please contact copyright@jjkeller.com or call 800-558-5011.
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Foreword
This Appendix establishes the specific minimum equipment requirements for the recovery/recycling of HFC–134a that has been directly removed from, and is intended for reuse in, mobile air-conditioning systems and recovery/recycling and system recharging of recycled, reclaimed or virgin HFC–134a. Establishing such specifications will ensure that system operation with recycled HFC–134a will provide the same level of performance and durability as new refrigerant.
1. Scope
The purpose of this SAE Standard is to establish the specific minimum equipment performance requirements for recovery and recycling of HFC–134a that has been directly removed from, and is intended for reuse in, mobile air-conditioning (A/C) systems. It also is intended to establish requirements for equipment used to recharge HFC–134a to an accuracy level that meets Section 9 of this document and SAE J2099. The requirements apply to the following types of service equipment and their specific applications.
a. Recovery/Recycling Equipment,
b. Recovery/Recycling—Refrigerant Charging,
c. Refrigerant Recharging Equipment Only.
1.1 Improved refrigerant recovery equipment is required to ensure adequate refrigerant recovery to reduce emissions and provide for accurate recharging of mobile air conditioning systems. Therefore, 12 months following the publication date of this standard, requirements in this standard supplements and supersedes, SAE J2210.
2. References
2.1 Applicable Publications
The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.
2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096–0001, Tel: 877– 606–7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724– 776–4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.
SAE J2099 Standard of Purity for Recycled HFC–134a (R–134a) for Use in Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems
SAE J2196 Service Hoses for Automotive Air-Conditioning
SAE J2197 Service Hose Fittings for Automotive Air-Conditioning
SAE J2296 Retest of Refrigerant Container
2.1.2 CGA Publications
Available from CGA, 4221 Walney Road, 5th Floor, Chantilly VA 20151–2923, Tel: 703–788–2700, http://www.cganet.com.
CGA Pamphlet S–1.1 Pressure Relief Device Standard Part 1—Cylinders for Compressed Gases
2.1.3 DOT Publications
Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402– 9320.
OT Standard, CFR Title 49, Section 173.304 Shippers—General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings
2.1.4 UL Publications
Available from Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062–2096, Tel: 847–272–8800, http:// www.ul.com.
UL 1769 Cylinder Valves
UL 1963 Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling Equipment
3. Specification and General Description
3.1 The equipment must be able to remove and process HFC–134a (R–134a) from mobile A/C systems to the purity level specified in SAE J2099.
3.2 The equipment shall be suitable for use in an automotive service garage environment and be capable of continuous operation in ambients from 10 °C to 49 °C (50 °F to 120 °F). If it is designed to recharge a system, and it uses a scale for this purpose, the scale must demonstrate the ability to maintain accuracy per the test in 10.2.
3.3 The equipment must be certified that it meets this specification by an EPA listed certifying laboratory.
3.4 The equipment shall have a label, which states, “Certified by (Certifying Agent) to Meet SAE J2788 superseding SAE J2210” in bold-type letters a minimum of 3 mm (1⁄8 in) in height.
4. Refrigerant Recycling Equipment Requirements
4.1 Moisture and Acid
The equipment shall incorporate a desiccant package that must be replaced before saturation with moisture, and whose mineral acid capacity is at least 5% by weight of the dry desiccant.
4.1.1 The equipment shall be provided with a means of indicating when the filter desiccant moisture capacity has reached the allowable limit and desiccant replacement is required. This may include a reliable means of detecting moisture level or an algorithm based on the amount refrigerant recovered. The user must be clearly alerted to replace the filter prior to the full saturation. Warnings shall be displayed on screens and (printed on printouts where applicable). The warnings must explain that the machine is approaching the end of filter life. The manufacturer must incorporate a lockout when the end of filter life is reached.
4.1.2 The manufacturer shall use an identification system to ensure that a new filter has been installed to reset the machine for operation.
4.2 Filter
The equipment shall incorporate an in-line filter that will trap particulates of 15 micron spherical diameter or greater.
4.3 Scale (if used)
The scale must maintain accuracy when moved, as per the test in Section 10.
4.4 Purging Noncondensable Gases
4.4.1 The equipment shall automatically purge noncondensables (NCGs), which are primarily air, if the acceptable level is exceeded. NCG removal must be part of the normal operation of the equipment and instructions must be provided to enable the task to be accomplished within 30 min (to reach the refrigerant purity level specified in SAE J2099).
4.4.2 Refrigerant loss from noncondensable gas purging during the testing described in Section 8 shall be minimized by a method that initiates a purge when the machine has not been in use for a period long enough for air-refrigerant separation in the tank to have occurred.
4.5 Recharging and Transfer of Recycled Refrigerant
Recycled refrigerant for recharging and transfer shall be taken from the liquid phase only.
5. Safety Requirements
5.1 The equipment must comply with applicable federal, state, and local requirements on equipment related to handling HFC–134a material. Safety precautions or notices related to safe operation of the equipment shall be prominently displayed on the equipment and should also state “CAUTION—SHOULD BE OPERATED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.”
5.2 Under NO CIRCUMSTANCES should any equipment be pressure tested or leak tested with air/HFC–134a mixtures.
Do not use compressed air (shop air) or leak detection in systems containing HFC– 134a.
6. Operating Instructions
6.1 The equipment manufacturer shall provide a warning in the instruction manual regarding the possibility of refrigerant contamination in the mobile A/C system being serviced.
6.1.1 If recovery/recycle equipment has refrigerant identification equipment, the refrigerant identification equipment shall meet the requirements of SAE J1771.
6.1.2 Recovery/recycling equipment not having refrigerant identification capability shall have instructions in the equipment manual covering possible contamination problems to the equipment and the contamination of the existing recycled refrigerant in the container in the equipment.
6.2 The equipment manufacturer must provide operating instructions, including proper attainment of vehicle system vacuum (i.e., when to stop the extraction process), filter/desiccant replacement, and purging of noncondensable gases (air). Also to be included are any other necessary maintenance procedures, source information for replacement parts and, repair and safety precautions.
6.2.1 The manual shall identify the proper maintaining of hose and seals to prevent the addition of excess air, due to leaks, during the recovery process, which would increase the NCG level in the recovered refrigerant.
The equipment must prominently display the manufacturer’s name, address, the type of refrigerant it is designed to recycle, a service telephone number, and the part number for the replacement filter/drier.
7. Functional Description
The ability of the equipment to meet the refrigerant recovery and recharge specifications of this section shall be determined by the test procedures of Section 10.
7.1 The equipment must be capable of continuous operation in ambient temperatures of 10 °C (50 °F) to 49 °C (120 °F). Continuous is defined as completing recovery/recycle and recharge (if applicable) operations with no more than a brief reset period between vehicles, and shall not include time delays for allowing a system to outgas (which shall be part of the recovery period provided by this standard). Continuous may include time out for an air purge if necessary, although it is understood that extended equipment-off time is preferred to allow NCG and refrigerant separation in the supply tank for optimum results.
7.1.1 The equipment shall be capable of removing a minimum of 95.0% of the refrigerant from the test system in 30 minutes or less, without external heating, or use of any device (such as shields, reflectors, special lights, etc.) which could heat components of the system. The recovery procedures shall be based on 21 to 24 °C (70 to 75 °F) ambient temperature. The test system for qualifying shall be a 1.4 kg (3.0 lbs) capacity orifice tube/accumulator system in a 2005 Chevrolet Suburban with front and rear A/C, or the test option described in 10.5, and shall be determined by accurately weighing the recovery machine with the resolution and accuracy of within 3 g (.006 lb) in the range of the machine’s weight. The laboratory shall maintain records of the vehicle, including its VIN (vehicle identification number).
7.1.2 However, the preceding shall not preclude a brief period of engine operation at fast idle (up to 15 minutes, up to 2000 rpm) to circulate refrigerant and oil, and provide some engine and warm-up of A/C refrigeration components. The laboratory shall monitor coolant temperature per the vehicle engine coolant temperature sensor, and coolant temperature shall not be allowed to exceed 105 °C (221 °F). The time required shall not be included in the total time of 30 minutes set forth in 7.1.1.
7.1.3 The refrigerant that is recovered, following oil separation, shall be measured and the quantity displayed, accurate to within ±30 g (1.0 oz). The equipment must include a provision for checking the accuracy, per the requirements of 9.1.
7.2 During recovery operation, the equipment shall provide overfill protection to assure that the liquid fill of the storage container (which may be integral or external) does not exceed 80% of the tank’s rated volume at 21 °C per Department of Transportation (DOT) Standard, CFR Title 49, Section 173.304 and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
7.3 Portable refillable tanks or containers used in conjunction with this equipment must be labeled ‘‘HFC–134a (R–134a),’’ meet applicable Department of Transportation (DOT) or Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standards, and shall incorporate fittings per SAE J2197.
7.3.1 The cylinder valve shall comply with the standard for cylinder valves, UL 1769.
7.3.2 The pressure relief device shall comply with the Pressure Relief Device Standard Part 1—Cylinders for Compressed Gases, CGA Pamphlet S–1.1.
7.3.3 The tank assembly shall be marked to indicate the first retest date, which shall be 5 years after the date of manufacture. The marking shall indicate that retest must be performed every subsequent 5 years. SAE J2296 provides an inspection procedure. The marking shall be in letters at least 6 mm (1⁄4 in) high.
7.3.4 ASME tanks as defined in UL–1963 may be used and are exempt from the retest requirements.
7.3.5 If the machine is designed for recharging, and the marketer permits use of a non-refillable refrigerant tank, the machine shall include a way to ensure refrigerant remaining in the tank (called the “heel”) to no more than 2% of tank rated capacity when the tank is indicated to be empty. This may be done by the machine marketer as follows:
Specify a non-venting procedure, to minimize the amount of unused refrigerant remaining in the tank. The machine shall include any devices required for the procedure, other than ordinary service shop tools and supplies, and include in the operator’s manual, any instructions.
Provide an automatic or (with instructions in the operator’s manual) semi-automatic non-venting procedure with the machine.
The laboratory shall test for the 2% capability. For testing purposes it may use a refillable tank, minimum 15 lb capacity (6.8 kg) containing a minimum of 7.5 lbs (3.4 kg) refrigerant. The test is as follows:
a. Weigh the tank at the start of the test, on a scale accurate to plus/minus 3 grams, to ensure it contains sufficient refrigerant.
b. Operate the machine to remove refrigerant from the tank, charging into a holding container until the tank is indicated to be empty. Continue with the marketer’s recommended procedure for the 2% capability.
c. Weigh the tank, on a scale accurate to plus/minus 3 grams.
d. Using the recovery compressor and/or a vacuum pump, draw the tank into a vacuum of 9 to 10 inches Mercury (225 to 250 mm Mercury). The tank must hold that vacuum with a decay of less than 10% in 10 minutes. If vacuum decays 10% or more, the procedure shall be repeated as necessary to ensure the tank is empty.
e. Weigh the tank on a scale accurate to plus/minus 3 grams. The difference in weight from Steps 3 to 5 shall be within 2% of the weight of the amount of refrigerant that is the tanks rated capacity.
f. This test may be performed at the conclusion of testing in 10.4 or 10.5. If the machine passes or has passed all other testing in this standard, the marketer may make modifications in procedure and/or machine operation and retest once at a later date, within 90 days. If the machine fails the retest, the machine must be completely retested per this standard, or may be certified per the following alternative. The marketer of the machine may specify use of a non-refillable refrigerant tank that provides for recycling and/or disposal of the residual refrigerant, in either case in a manner that does not vent. Or the marketer may exclude use of a one-way container, in the machine’s operating instructions.
7.4 All flexible hoses must comply with SAE J2196.
7.5 Service hoses must have shutoff devices located at the connection point to the system being serviced. Any hoses or lines connected to refrigerant containers on or in the machine also shall have shutoff devices at the connection points, so that the containers may be changed without loss of refrigerant. A tank that is a permanent installation is exempt from this requirement.
7.6 The equipment shall separate oil from the refrigerant, measure the amount accurate to 20 ml (0.7 oz.), so the technician has an accurate basis for adding oil to the system.
7.6.1 This statement shall be predominately identified in the equipment service manual.
Note: Use only new lubricant to replace the amount removed during the recycling process. Used lubricant should be discarded per applicable federal, state and local requirements.
8. Testing
This test procedure and its requirements are to be used to determine the ability of the recycling equipment to adequately recycle contaminated refrigerant.
8.1 The equipment shall be able to clean the contaminated refrigerant in § 8.3 to the purity level defined in SAE J2099.
8.2 The equipment shall be operated in accordance with the manufacturer’s operating instructions.
8.3 Contaminated HFC–134a (R–134a) Sample
8.3.1 The standard contaminated refrigerant shall consist of liquid HFC–134a with 1300 ppm (by weight) moisture (equivalent to saturation at 38 °C, 100 °F), 45000 ppm (by weight) HFC–134a compatible lubricant, and 1000 ppm (by weight) of noncondensable gases (air).
8.3.1.1 The HFC–134a compatible lubricant referred to in 8.3.1, shall be polyalkylene glycol (PAG), ISO 100 such as UCLN or PAG ISO 46–55, such as Idemitsu or equivalent, which shall contain no more than 1000 ppm by weight of moisture.
8.3.1.2 Although the test lubricant is a PAG, to conform to that used in the test vehicle system, the equipment manufacturer also shall ensure that it is compatible with polyol ester lubricant, such as ND 11 as used in electrically driven compressors in some hybrid vehicles.
8.4 Test Cycle
8.4.1 The equipment must be preconditioned by processing 13.6 kg (30 lb) of the standard contaminated HFC–134a at an ambient of 21 to 24 °C (70 to 75 °F) before starting the test cycle. 1.13 kg (2.56 lb) samples are to be processed at 5 min intervals. The test fixture, depicted in Figure 1, shall be operated at 21 to 24 °C (70 to 75 °F).
8.4.2 Following the preconditioning procedure per 8.4.1, 18.2 kg (40 lb) of standard contaminated HFC-134a are to be processed by the equipment.
8.5 Sample Requirements
8.5.1 Samples of the standard contaminated refrigerant from 8.3.1 shall be processed as required in 8.6 and shall be analyzed after said processing as defined in 8.7, 8.8, and 8.9. Note exception for noncondensable gas determination in 8.9.4.
8.6 Equipment Operating Ambient
8.6.1 The HFC-134a is to be cleaned to purity level, as defined in SAE J2099, with the equipment operating in a stable ambient of 10, 21, and 49 °C (50, 70 and 120 °F) while processing the samples as defined in 8.4.
8.7 Quantitative Determination of Moisture
8.7.1 The recycled liquid phase sample of HFC–134a shall be analyzed for moisture content via Karl Fischer coulometric titration, or an equivalent method. The Karl Fischer apparatus is an instrument for precise determination of small amounts of water dissolved in liquid and/or gas samples.
8.7.2 In conducting this test, a weighed sample of 30 to 130 g is vaporized directly into the Karl Fischer anolyte. A coulometric titration is conducted and the results are reported as parts per million moisture (weight).
8.8 Determination of Percent Lubricant
8.8.1 The amount of lubricant in the recycled HFC–134a sample shall be determined via gravimetric analysis. The methodology must account for the hygroscopicity of the lubricant.
8.8.2 Following venting of noncondensable gases in accordance with the manufacturer’s operating instructions, the refrigerant container shall be shaken for 5 min prior to extracting samples for testing.
8.8.3 A weighed sample of 175 to 225 g of liquid HFC–134a is allowed to evaporate at room temperature. The percent lubricant is calculated from weights of the original sample and the residue remaining after evaporation.
8.9 Noncondensable Gases—Testing for Amount
8.9.1 The amount of noncondensable gases shall be determined by gas chromatography. A sample of vaporized refrigerant liquid shall be separated and analyzed by gas chromatography. A Porapak Q column at 130 °C (266 °F) and a hot wire detector may be used for the analysis.
8.9.2 This test shall be conducted on liquid phase samples of recycled refrigerant taken from a full container as defined in 7.2 within 30 min following the proper venting of noncondensable gases. 8.9.3 The liquid phase samples in 8.9.2 shall be vaporized completely prior to gas chromatographic analysis. 8.9.4 This test shall be conducted at 10 and 49 °C (50 and 120 °F) and may be performed in conjunction with the testing defined in 8.6.
The equipment shall process at least 13.6 kg (30 lb) of standard contaminated refrigerant for this test. The equipment shall be capable of charging refrigerant into systems with various lubrication types and shall deliver less than 1% by weight residual oil during system charge if the machine permits oil charging with refrigerant (due to residual oil in the service hoses and recovery unit refrigerant circuit from prior recovery, diagnostics and oil injection. This shall be determined during SAE J2099 testing.)
9. Recharging the System
9.1 It is the responsibility of the equipment manufacturer to ensure that the vacuum removal performance leaves the system 98% free of NCGs before recharging, following recovery and recycle under the provisions of this document.
The equipment must be capable of both indicating and recharging the system to within 15 g (0.50 oz) of vehicle manufacturer’s specifications. The laboratory shall test for this capability by choosing a charge amount that is within the range of the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications. The equipment must indicate and charge the system with that chosen amount, within ±15 g (0.5 oz).
Example: If 500 g is chosen, the actual and indicated charge must be 485 to 515 g, with any difference between actual and indicated charge within the laboratory scale accuracy requirements of this standard. If a scale is used in the machine, the equipment manufacturer shall provide a method or service for the technician to check scale accuracy, and include any necessary accuracy-checking device (such as a calibration weight(s)) with the machine. If a mass flow system is used for charge determination, it must maintain accuracy equal to the 15 g (0.50 oz) specification. The equipment manufacturer shall provide a method for checking accuracy and include any necessary accuracy testing device(s) with the machine. If the accuracy testing device(s) for a scale or mass flow machine includes a consumable, the manufacturer shall include a quantity of replacement or refill devices for five years of periodic testing as recommended.
9.2 If any other system is used for charge determination, such as a positive displacement pump, the equipment manufacturer shall provide a method and any needed device(s) to check accuracy that is/ are appropriate for its method of operation, including any temperature-compensating trim if used.
10. Equipment Test Procedure by Laboratory for Recovery/Recycling and Recovery/ Recycling/Recharging Machines
10.1 Preliminary: Ambient (in shop) temperature shall be 21 to 24 °C (70 to 75 °F). Test vehicle shall be “overnight cold” (not run for at least eight hours).
10.2 The machine must have a self-contained provision for checking accuracy of the indicated amount of refrigerant recovered in liquid or vapor or mixture form(s) from a vehicle system and (if applicable) charged into a vehicle, and adjusting if necessary, to meet requirements of 9.1, 9.2. Therefore: If the machine uses a scale for that purpose, check the accuracy of that scale and make any adjustment if necessary. If an alternative method of measuring refrigerant is used, follow the equipment manufacturer’s procedure for ensuring accuracy. Next, move the machine, such as by rolling it, along the floor, a minimum of 20 feet (6.1 meters) within 10 seconds. Follow with the test procedure in 10.3, then 10.4 or 10.5.
10.3 Test Procedure If desired, this test procedure may be preceded by engine/system operation for up to 15 minutes, up to 2000 rpm.
1. You must start with an empty system, using this method: (a) Operate machine to recover refrigerant, per equipment manufacturer’s instructions. (b) Deep-vacuum system to a minimum of 710 mm (28 in) of mercury. (c) Monitor vacuum for decay, checking every 20 minutes. If decay exceeds 75 mm (3 in), deep vacuum the system again. When system holds 710 mm (28 in) 75 mm (3 in) of mercury vacuum for three hours, it is considered empty.
2. Place machine on a platform scale with the capacity to weigh the recovery/recycle/ recharge machine, and with the resolution and accuracy of within ±3 g (.006 lb) in the range of the machine’s weight. Weight should include the machine’s service hoses draped over the machine, and with the machine’s oil reservoir removed. If necessary to add oil to vehicle system as a result of a system operation preparatory to the recovery process, inject the needed quantity through the service valve at this time.
3. Record weight of machine in as weight A.
4. Reconnect service hoses to the test vehicle.
5. Follow the equipment manufacturer’s specified procedure for charging the vehicle manufacturer’s recommended amount of refrigerant into the system. Note: if this does not apply to the machine under test, i.e. a recovery/recycling only machine, the use of charging equipment that meets this standard and the platform scale shall be used to verify the accuracy of the charge.
6. Disconnect the service hoses from the test vehicle and drape them on the machine. Check and record the weight of the machine. Record this weight as weight B. The difference between weight A and weight B should be equal to the recommended charge that was installed per the machine’s display, within 15 g (0.5 oz). If the difference is greater than 15 g (±3 g), the machine fails the charge accuracy test, and no other tests shall be performed at that time. The manufacturer must document changes made to improve accuracy and furnish them to the laboratory prior to a new test. Exception: If the maximum deviation is no more than a total of 20 g, the calibration of the scale or other measuring system may be rechecked and readjusted once, and the entire test repeated just once.
10.4 Recovery Test Using a Vehicle
1. Following a successful system charge, the system and engine shall be run for 15 minutes at 2000 rpm to circulate oil and refrigerant, following which engine and system shall rest for eight hours. Then the laboratory may begin the recovery test. If the machine manufacturer specifies, operate the engine/system for up to 15 minutes, at up to 2000 rpm, then shut off engine/system.
2. If the machine has an automatic air purge, disable it. Check the weight of the machine with the platform scale (service hoses draped over machine, oil reservoir removed). Record the number as Weight C. Reinstall oil reservoir if it had been removed in the recovery procedure.
3. Start timer. Connect service hoses to system of test vehicle and perform recovery per the equipment manufacturer’s instructions. The vehicle system service valves’ cores must remain in the fittings for this procedure.
4. When recovery is completed, including from service hoses if that is part of the recommended procedure, disconnect hoses and drape over machine. Stop timer. The elapsed time shall be 30.0 minutes or less. If it is in excess of this time, the machine fails the test and no retest is allowed. The manufacturer must document changes made to the machine to improve its performance before a new test is allowed, and furnish them to the laboratory.
5. If the recovery is completed in no more than the 30.0 minutes, measure the oil level in the reservoir, remove the reservoir and then determine the amount of refrigerant recovered, as detailed in Nos. 6 and 7: As measured by the machine and also by noting the weight of the platform scale, which shall be recorded as Weight D.
6. The platform scale shall indicate that a minimum of 95% of the amount charged into the system has been recovered. If the platform scale indicates a lower percentage has been recovered, the machine fails the recovery test.
7. The machine display shall indicate that a minimum of 95.0% of the amount charged into the system has been recovered, within a tolerance of ±30 g (1 oz) when compared with the platform scale (Weight D minus Weight C). The 30 g (1 oz) tolerance may produce a machine display reading that is below the 95.0% recovery. If a greater difference between machine and platform scale occurs, the machine fails the recovery test.
10.5 Recovery Test Fixture Test Option If an equipment manufacturer chooses, as an alternative to the actual vehicle, it may certify to SAE J2788 with a laboratory fixture that is composed entirely of all the original equipment parts of a single model year for the 3.0 lb capacity front/rear A/C system in the 2005–07 Chevrolet Suburban. All parts must be those OE-specified for one model year system and no parts may be eliminated or bypassed from the chosen system, or reproduced by a non-OE source. No parts may be added and/or relocated from the OE position in the 2005–07 Suburban. No parts may be modified in any way that could affect system performance for testing under this standard, except adding refrigerant line bends and/or loops to make the system more compact. Reducing the total length of the lines, however, is not permitted. The fixture system shall be powered by an electric motor, run at a speed not to exceed 2000 rpm, and for this test option, no system warm-up or equivalent procedure may be used. The certifying laboratory shall maintain records of all parts purchased, including invoices and payments. The assembly of the parts shall, as an outside-the-vehicle package, duplicate the OE system and its routing, including bends, except for permitted additions of bends and/or loops in refrigerant lines. Aside from the absence of engine operation and the limitations posed by the standard and the use of the electric motor, the test shall otherwise be the same as the test on the Suburban, including test temperature.
HFC-134a Recycling Equipment for Mobile Air Conditioning Systems
Foreword
The purpose of this standard is to establish the specific minimum equipment specification required for the recycling of HFC- 134a that has been directly removed from, and is intended for reuse in, mobile air-conditioning systems. Establishing such specifications will assure that system operation with recycled HFC-134a will provide the same level of performance and durability as new refrigerant.
1. Scope
The purpose of this standard is to establish specific minimum equipment requirements for recycling HFC-134a that has been directly removed from, and is intended for reuse in, mobile air-conditioning (A/C) systems.
2. References
Applicable Documents-The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified.
2.1.1
SAE Publications-Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
SAE J2099-Standard of Purity for Recycled HFC-134a for Use in Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems
SAE J2196-Service Hoses for Automotive Air-Conditioning
SAE J2197-Service Hose Fittings for Automotive Air-Conditioning
2.1.2
CGA Publications-Available from CGA, 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.
CGA Pamphlet S-1.1-Pressure Relief Device Standard
Part 1-Cylinders for Compressed Gases
2.1.3
DOT Publications-Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
DOT Standard, 49 CFR 173.304-Shippers-General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings
2.1.4
UL Publications-Available from Underwriters Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096.
UL 1769-Cylinder Valves
UL 1963-Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling Equipment
3. Specification and General Description
3.1 The equipment must be able to remove and process HFC-134a from mobile A/C systems to the purity level specified in SAE J2099.
3.2 The equipment shall be suitable for use in an automotive service garage environment and be capable of continuous operation in ambients from 10 to 49ºC (50 to 120ºF).
3.3 The equipment must be certified that it meets this specification by Underwriters Laboratories (UL) or an equivalent certifying laboratory.
3.4 The equipment shall have a label which states "Design Certified by (Certifying Agent) to meet SAE J2210" in bold-type letters a minimum of 3 mm in height.
4. Refrigerant Recycling Equipment Requirements
4.1 Moisture and Acid-The equipment shall incorporate a desiccant package that must be replaced before saturation with moisture, and whose mineral acid capacity is at least 5% by weight of the dry desiccant.
4.1.1 The equipment shall be provided with a moisture detection means that will reliably indicate when moisture in the HFC-134a reaches the allowable limit and desiccant replacement is required.
4.2 Filter-The equipment shall incorporate an in-line filter that will trap particulates of 15 micron spherical diameter or greater.
4.3 Noncondensable Gases
4.3.1 The equipment shall either automatically purge noncondensables (NCGs) if the acceptable level is exceeded or incorporate a device that indicates to the operator that the NCG level has been exceeded. NCG removal must be part of the normal operation of the equipment and instructions must be provided to enable the task to be accomplished within 30 minutes.
4.3.2 Refrigerant loss from noncondensable gas purging during the testing described in Section 8 shall not exceed 5% by weight of the total contaminated refrigerant removed from the test system.
4.4 Recharging and Transfer of Recycled Refrigerant-Recycled refrigerant for recharging and transfer shall be taken from the liquid phase only.
5. Safety Requirements
5.1 The equipment must comply with applicable federal, state, and local requirements on equipment related to handling HFC-134a material. Safety precautions or notices related to safe operation of the equipment shall be prominently displayed on the equipment and should also state "CAUTION-SHOULD BE OPERATED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL".
5.2 HFC-134a has been shown to be nonflammable at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. However, tests under controlled conditions have indicated that, at pressures above atmospheric and with air concentrations greater than 60% by volume, HFC-134a can form combustible mixtures. While it is recognized that an ignition source is also required for combustion to occur, the presence of combustible mixtures is a potentially dangerous situation and should be avoided.
5.3 Under NO CIRCUMSTANCES should any equipment be pressure tested or leak tested with air/HFC-134a mixtures. Do not use compressed air (shop air) for leak detection in HFC-134a systems.
6. Operating Instructions
6.1 The equipment manufacturer must provide operating instructions, including proper attainment of vehicle system vacuum (i.e., when to stop the extraction process), filter/desiccant replacement, and purging of noncondensable gases (air). Also to be included are any other necessary maintenance procedures, source information for replacement parts and repair, and safety precautions.
6.2 The equipment must prominently display the manufacturer's name, address, the type of refrigerant it is designed to recycle, a service telephone number, and the part number for the replacement filter/drier.
7. Functional Description
7.1 The equipment must be capable of ensuring removal of refrigerant from the system being serviced by reducing the system pressure to a minimum of 102 mm (4 in) of mercury below atmospheric pressure (i.e., vacuum).
7.2 During operation, the equipment shall provide overfill protection to assure that the liquid fill of the storage container (which may be integral or external) does not exceed 80% of the tank's rated volume at 21.1 ºC (70 ºF) per Department of Transportation (DOT) Standard, 49 CFR 173.304 and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
7.3 Portable refillable tanks or containers used in conjunction with this equipment must be labeled "HFC-134a", meet applicable DOT or Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standards, and shall incorporate fittings per SAE J2197.
7.3.1 The cylinder valve shall comply with the standard for cylinder valves, UL 1769.
7.3.2 The pressure relief device shall comply with the Pressure Relief Device Standard Part 1-Cylinders for Compressed Gases, CGA Pamphlet S-1.1.
7.3.3 The tank assembly shall be marked to indicate the first retest date which shall be 5 years after the date of manufacture. The marking shall indicate that retest must be performed every subsequent 5 years. The marking shall be in letter at least 6 mm (1/4 in) high.
7.4 All flexible hoses must comply with SAE J2196.
7.5 Service hoses must have shutoff devices located within 30 cm (12 in) of the connection point to the system being serviced as identified in J2196. All service fittings must comply with SAE J2197.
7.6 The equipment must be able to separate the lubricant from the removed refrigerant and accurately indicate the amount of lubricant removed during the process, in 30 mL (1 fl oz) units. Refrigerant dissolves in lubricants and, as a result, increases the volume of the recovered lubricant sample. This creates the illusion that more lubricant has been recovered than actually has been. The equipment lubricant measuring system must take into account such dissolved refrigerant to prevent overcharging the vehicle system with lubricant. (Note: Use only new lubricant to replace the amount removed during the recycling process. Used lubricant should be discarded per applicable federal, state, and local requirements.)
8. Testing
This test procedure and its requirements are to be used to determine the ability of the recycling equipment to adequately recycle contaminated refrigerant.
8.1 The equipment shall be able to clean the contaminated refrigerant in section 8.3 to the purity level defined in SAE J2099.
8.2 The equipment shall be operated in accordance with the manufacturer's operating instructions.
8.3 Contaminated HFC-134a Sample.
8.3.1 The standard contaminated refrigerant shall consist of liquid HFC-134a with 1300 ppm (by weight) moisture (equivalent to saturation at 38ºC [100ºF]), 45,000 ppm (by weight) HFC- 134a compatible lubricant, and 1000 ppm (by weight) of noncondensable gases (air).
8.3.1.1 The HFC-134a compatible lubricant referred to in section 8.3.1 shall be ICI DGLF 118, or equivalent, which shall contain no more than 1000 ppm by weight of moisture.
8.4 Test Cycle
8.4.1 The equipment must be preconditioned by processing 13.6 kg (30 lb) of the standard contaminated HFC-134a at an ambient of 21ºC (70ºF) before starting the test cycle. 1.13 kg (2.5 lb) samples are to be processed at 5 min intervals. The test fixture, depicted in Figure 1 to Appendix A, shall be operated at 21ºC (70ºF).
8.4.2 Following the preconditioning procedure per section 8.4.1, 18.2 kg (40 lb) of standard contaminated HFC-134a are to be processed by the equipment.
8.5 Sample Requirements
8.5.1 Samples of the standard contaminated refrigerant from section 8.3.1 shall be processed as required in section 8.6 and shall be analyzed after said processing as defined in sections 8.7, 8.8, and section 8.9. Note exception for non-condensable gas determination in section 8.9.4.
8.6 Equipment Operating Ambient
8.6.1 The HFC-134a is to be cleaned to the purity level, as defined in SAE J2099, with the equipment operating in a stable ambient of 10, 21, and 49ºC (50, 70, 120ºF) while processing the samples as defined in section 8.4.
8.7 Quantitative Determination of Moisture
8.7.1 The recycled liquid phase sample of HFC-134a shall be analyzed for moisture content via Karl Fischer coulometric titration, or an equivalent method. The Karl Fischer apparatus is an instrument for precise determination of small amounts of water dissolved in liquid and/or gas samples.
8.7.2 In conducting this test, a weighed sample of 30 to 130 g is vaporized directly into the Karl Fischer anolyte. A coulometric titration is conducted and the results are reported as parts per million moisture (weight).
8.8 Determination of Percent Lubricant
8.8.1 The amount of lubricant in the recycled HFC-134a sample shall be determined via gravimetric analysis. The methodology must account for the hygroscopicity of the lubricant.
8.8.2 Following venting of noncondensable gases in accordance with the manufacturer's operating instructions, the refrigerant container shall be shaken 5 min prior to extracting samples for testing.
8.8.3 A weighed sample of 175 to 225 g of liquid HFC-134a is allowed to evaporate at room temperature. The percent lubricant is calculated from weights of the original sample and the residue remaining after evaporation.
8.9 Noncondensable Gases
8.9.1 The amount of noncondensable gases shall be determined by gas chromatography. A sample of vaporized refrigerant liquid shall be separated and analyzed by gas chromatography. A Porapak Q column at 130ºC (266ºF) and a hot wire detector may be used for the analysis.
8.9.2 This test shall be conducted on liquid phase samples of recycled refrigerant taken from a full container as defined in section 7.2 within 30 minutes following the proper venting of noncondensable gases.
8.9.3 The liquid phase samples in section 8.9.2 shall be vaporized completely prior to gas chromatographic analysis.
8.9.4 This test shall be conducted at 21 and 49ºC (50 and 120ºF) and may be performed in conjunction with the testing defined in section 8.6. The equipment shall process at least 13.6 kg (30 lb) of standard contami nated refrigerant for this test).
Rationale
Not applicable.
Relationship of Standard to ISO Standard
Not applicable.
Application
The purpose of this standard is to establish the specific minimum equipment requirements for recycling HFC-134a that has been directly removed from, and is intended for reuse in, mobile air-conditioning (A/C) systems.
Reference Section
SAE J2099-Standard of Purity for Recycled HFC-134a for Use in Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems
SAE J2196-Service Hoses for Automotive Air-Conditioning
SAE J2197-Service Hose Fittings for Automotive Air-Conditioning
CGA Pamphlet S-1.1-Pressure Relief Device Standard Part 1-Cylinders for Compressed Gases
UL 1769-Cylinder Valves
UL 1963-Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling Equipment
DOT Standard, 49 CFR 173.304-Shippers-General Requirements for Shipment and Packagings
II. SAE J2211, issued December, 1991.
Recommended Service Procedure for the Containment of HFC-134a
1. Scope
Refrigerant containment is an important part of servicing mobile air-conditioning systems. This procedure provides guidelines for technicians for servicing mobile air-conditioning systems and operating refrigerant recycling equipment designed for HFC-134a (described in SAE J2210).
2. References
2.1 Applicable Documents-The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.
2.1.1 SAE Publications-Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
SAE J2196-Service Hoses for Automotive Air-Conditioning
SAE J2197-Service Hose Fittings for Automotive Air-Conditioning
SAE J2210-Refrigerant Recycling Equipment for HFC-134a Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems
SAE J2219-Concerns to the Mobile Air-Conditioning Industry
2.2 Definitions
2.2.1 Recovery/Recycling (R/R) Unit-Refers to a single piece of equipment that performs both functions of recovery and recycling of refrigerants per SAE J2210.
2.2.2 Recovery-Refers to that portion of the R/R unit operation that removes the refrigerant from the mobile air-conditioning system and places it in the R/R unit storage container.
2.2.3 Recycling-Refers to that portion of the R/R unit operation that processes the refrigerant for reuse on the same job site to the purity specifications of SAE J2099.
3. Service Procedure
3.1 Connect the recycling unit service hoses, which shall have shutoff devices (e.g., valves) within 30 cm (12 in) of the service ends, to the vehicle air-conditioning (A/C) service ports. Hoses shall conform to SAE J2196 and fittings shall conform to SAE J2197.
3.2 Operate the recycling equipment per the equipment manufacturer's recommended procedure.
3.2.1 Verify that the vehicle A/C system has refrigerant pressure. Do not attempt to recycle refrigerant from a discharged system as this will introduce air (noncondensable gas) into the recycling equipment which must later be removed by purging.
3.2.2 Begin the recycling process by removing the refrigerant from the vehicle A/C system. Continue the process until the system pressure has been reduced to a minimum of 102mm (4 in) of mercury below atmospheric pressure (i.e., vacuum). If A/C components show evidence of icing, the component can be gently heated to facilitate refrigerant removal. With the recycling unit shut off for at least 5 minutes, check A/C system pressure. If this pressure has risen above vacuum (0 psig), additional recycler operation is required to remove the remaining refrigerant. Repeat the operation until the system pressure remains stable at vacuum for 2 minutes.
3.3 Close the valves in the service lines and then remove the service lines from the vehicle system. If the recovery equipment has automatic closing valves, be sure they are operating properly. Proceed with the repair/service.
3.4 Upon completion of refrigerant removal from the A/C system, determine the amount of lubricant removed during the process and replenish the system with new lubricant, which is identified on the A/C system label. Used lubricant should be discarded per applicable federal, state, and local requirements.
4. Service With a Manifold Gauge Set
4.1 High-side, low-side, and center service hoses must have shutoff devices (e.g., valves) within 30 cm (12 in) of the service ends. Valves must be closed prior to hose removal from the A/C system to prevent refrigerant loss to the atmosphere.
4.2 During all service operations, service hose valves should be closed until connected to the vehicle A/C system or to the charging source to exclude air and/or contain the refrigerant.
4.3 When the manifold gauge set is disconnected from the A/C system, or when the center hose is moved to another device that cannot accept refrigerant pressure, the gauge set hoses should be attached to the recycling equipment to recover the refrigerant from the hoses.
5. Supplemental Refrigerant Checking Procedure for Stored Portable Containers
5.1 Certified recycling equipment and the accompanying recycling procedure, when properly followed, will deliver use-ready refrigerant. In the event that the full recycling procedure was not followed or the technician is unsure about the noncondensable gas content of a given tank of refrigerant, this procedure can be used to determine whether the recycled refrigerant container meets the specification for noncondensable gases (air). (Note: The use of refrigerant with excess air will result in higher system operating pressures and may cause A/C system damage.)
5.2 The container must be stored at a temperature of 18.3ºC (65ºF) or above for at least 12 hours, protected from direct sunlight.
5.3 Install a calibrated pressure gauge, with 6.9 kPa (1 psig) divisions, on the container and read container pressure.
5.4 With a calibrated thermometer, measure the air temperature within 10 cm (4 in) of the container surface.
5.5 Compare the observed container pressure and air temperature to the values given in Tables 1 and 2 to determine whether the container pressure is below the pressure limit given in the appropriate table. For example, at an air temperature of 21 ºC (70 ºF) the container pressure must not exceed 524 kPa (76 psig).
5.6 If the refrigerant in the container has been recycled and the container pressure is less than the limit in Tables 1 and 2, the refrigerant may be used.
5.7 If the refrigerant in the container has been recycled and the container pressure exceeds the limit in Tables 1 and 2, slowly vent, from the top of the container, a small amount of vapor into the recycle equipment until the pressure is less than the pressure shown in Tables 1 and 2.
5.8 If, after shaking the container and letting it stand for a few minutes, the container pressure still exceeds the pressure limit shown in Tables 1 and 2, the entire contents of the container shall be recycled.
Table 1.-Maximum Allowable Container Pressure (Metric)
| Temp, C(F) | kPa | Temp, C(F) | kPa | Temp, C(F) | kPa | Temp, C(F) | kPa |
| 18 (65) | 476 | 26 (79) | 621 | 34 (93) | 793 | 42 (108) | 1007 |
| 19 (66) | 483 | 27 (81) | 642 | 35 (95) | 814 | 43 (109) | 1027 |
| 20 (68) | 503 | 28 (82) | 655 | 36 (97) | 841 | 44 (111) | 1055 |
| 21 (70) | 524 | 29 (84) | 676 | 37 (99) | 876 | 45 (113) | 1089 |
| 22 (72) | 545 | 30 (86) | 703 | 38 (100) | 889 | 46 (115) | 1124 |
| 23 (73) | 552 | 31 (88) | 724 | 39 (102) | 917 | 47 (117) | 1158 |
| 24 (75) | 572 | 32 (90) | 752 | 40 (104) | 945 | 48 (118) | 1179 |
| 25 (77) | 593 | 33 (91) | 765 | 41 (106) | 979 | 49 (120) | 1214 |
Table 2.-Maximum Allowable Container Pressure (English)
| Temp, F | psig | Temp, F | psig | Temp, F | psig | Temp, F | psig 65 |
| 65 | 69 | 79 | 90 | 93 | 115 | 107 | 144 |
| 66 | 70 | 80 | 91 | 94 | 117 | 108 | 146 |
| 67 | 71 | 81 | 93 | 95 | 118 | 109 | 149 |
| 68 | 73 | 82 | 95 | 96 | 120 | 110 | 151 |
| 69 | 74 | 83 | 96 | 97 | 122 | 111 | 153 |
| 70 | 76 | 84 | 98 | 98 | 125 | 112 | 156 |
| 71 | 77 | 85 | 100 | 99 | 127 | 113 | 158 |
| 72 | 79 | 86 | 102 | 100 | 129 | 114 | 160 |
| 73 | 80 | 87 | 103 | 101 | 131 | 115 | 163 |
| 74 | 82 | 88 | 105 | 102 | 133 | 116 | 165 |
| 75 | 83 | 89 | 107 | 103 | 135 | 117 | 168 |
| 76 | 85 | 90 | 109 | 104 | 137 | 118 | 171 |
| 77 | 86 | 91 | 111 | 105 | 139 | 119 | 173 |
| 78 | 88 | 92 | 113 | 106 | 142 | 120 | 176 |
6. Containers for Storage of Recycled Refrigerant
6.1 Recycled refrigerant should not be salvaged or stored in disposable containers (this is one common type of container in which new refrigerant is sold). Use only DOT 49 CFR or UL approved storage containers, specifically marked for HFC-134a, for recycled refrigerant.
6.2 Any container of recycled refrigerant that has been stored or transferred must be checked prior to use as defined in Section 5.
6.3 Evacuate the tanks to at least 635 mm Hg (25 in Hg) below atmospheric pressure (vacuum) prior to first use.
7. Transfer of Recycled Refrigerant
7.1 When external portable containers are used for transfer, the container must be evacuated to at least 635 mm (25 in Hg) below atmospheric pressure (vacuum) prior to transfer of the recycled refrigerant to the container. External portable containers must meet DOT and UL standards.
7.2 To prevent on-site overfilling when transferring to external containers, the safe filling level must be controlled by weight and must not exceed 60% of the container gross weight rating.
8. Safety Note for HFC-134a
8.1 HFC-134a has been shown to be nonflammable at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. However, recent tests under controlled conditions have indicated that, at pressures above atmospheric and with air concentrations greater than 60% by volume, HFC-134a can form combustible mixtures. While it is recognized that an ignition source is also required for combustion to occur, the presence of combustible mixtures is a potentially dangerous situation and should be avoided.
8.2 Under NO CIRCUMSTANCE should any equipment be pressure tested or leak tested with air/HFC-134a mixtures. Do not use compressed air (shop air) for leak detection in HFC-134a systems.
9. Disposal of Empty/Near Empty Containers
9.1 Since all refrigerant may not have been removed from disposable refrigerant containers during normal system charging procedures, empty/near empty container contents should be recycled prior to disposal of the container.
9.2 Attach the container to the recycling unit and remove the remaining refrigerant. When the container has been reduced from a pressure to vacuum, the container valve can be closed and the container can be removed from the unit. The container should be marked "Empty", after which it is ready for disposal.
III. SAE J2099, issued December, 1991.
Standard of Purity for Recycled HFC-134a for Use in Mobile Air Conditioning Systems
[62 FR 68050 Dec. 30, 1997]
Foreword
The purpose of this standard is to establish the minimum level of purity required for recycled HFC-134a removed from, and intended for reuse in, mobile air-conditioning systems.
1. Scope
This standard applies to HFC-134a refrigerant used to service motor vehicle passenger compartment air-conditioning systems designed or retrofitted to use HFC-134a. Hermetically sealed, refrigerated cargo systems are not covered by this standard.
2. References
2.1 Applicable Documents-The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.
2.1.1 SAE publications-Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.
SAE J2210-HFC-134a Recycling Equipment for Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems
SAE J2211-Recommended Service Procedure for the Containment of HFC-134a
3. Purity Specification
The refrigerant referred to in this standard shall have been directly removed from, and intended to be returned to, a mobile air-conditioning system. Contaminants in this recycled refrigerant shall be limited to moisture, refrigerant system lubricant, and noncondensable gases, which, when measured in the refrigerant liquid phase, shall not exceed the following levels:
3.1 Moisture-50 ppm by weight
3.2 Lubricant-500 ppm by weight
3.3 Noncondensable Gases (Air)-150 ppm by weight
4. Requirements for Recycle Equipment Used in Direct Mobile Air-Conditioning Service Operations
4.1 Such equipment shall meet J2210, which covers additional moisture, acid, and filter requirements.
5. Operation of the Recycle Equipment
Recycle equipment operation shall be in accord with SAE J2211.
Application
This Standard applies to HFC-134a refrigerant used to service motor vehicle passenger compartment air-conditioning systems designed or retrofitted to use HFC-134a. Hermetically sealed, refrigerated cargo systems are not covered by this standard.
Reference Section
SAE J2210-HFC-134a Recycling Equipment for Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems
SAE J2211-Recommended Service Procedure for the Containment of HFC-134a.
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