Storage Racks

Introduction

Industrial storage racking is essential for organizing products and inventory in places like warehouses and industrial facilities. However, if not installed or maintained properly, it can lead to serious safety risks, including collapses and injuries.

Scope

While OSHA does not have a specific regulation for storage racking, OSHA states that storage shall not create a hazard under 29 CFR 1910.176. Also, the Agency has used the General Duty Clause along with the ANSI/MH 16.1 industry recognized consensus standard to determine compliance during inspections.

Regulatory citations

• 29 USC 654 - Duties of employers and employees (including Pub. L. 91–596 “OSH Act of 1970” 5(a)(1), the “General Duty Clause”)
• 29 CFR 1910.176(b) – Handling materials general
• 29 CFR 1910.159(c)(10) – Automatic sprinkler systems
• ANSI MH 16.1 – Institute standard for industrial steel storage racks

Key definitions

• ANSI/MH 16.1: An industry standard for industrial steel storage racks. It addresses the anchoring of racks, load ratings, load configuration, inspection, and maintenance, among other things. OSHA references this industry standard to ensure racks are safe in the workplace.

• Flue space: Vertical and horizontal gaps between pallets and upright frames in racking. Flue space is essential because it allows water to reach stored inventory more efficiently.

Summary of requirements

Design and installation:

• Load capacities must be posted and never exceeded.
• Racks should be anchored to the floor securely to prevent tipping.
• Racks must be designed and installed per ANSI/MH16.1 and manufacturer’s standards.

Structural integrity and inspections:

• Regular inspections are required to check for damaged components (e.g., bent beams, broken welds, broken anchors).
• Racks must be repaired or replaced if damaged.
• Repairs should only use manufacturer-approved components and should be performed by a qualified person.
• Any modifications, such as drilling additional holes, are not permitted unless approved by the manufacturer.

Load management:

• Storage of material must not create a hazard. Bags, containers, or other materials stored in tiers must be stacked, blocked, interlocked, and limited in height so that they are stable and secure against sliding or collapse.
• Train employees in proper loading and unloading procedures.

Fire protection and safety:

• Racks should not obstruct fire suppression systems. The minimum clearance between sprinklers and material below shall be 18 inches.
• Adequate flue space must be maintained for fire suppression access.

Training and compliance:

• Employees must be trained in proper material handling around racks and reporting rack damages.
• Facilities should implement a rack inspection and maintenance program.