The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, or GHS for short, is an effort to create a world-wide, universal chemical hazard communication and container labeling system. The large number of varying chemical hazard identification, labeling, and information requirements around the world create potential barriers to trade in chemicals, particularly for small businesses. Thus a harmonized and consistent approach would have benefits both in terms of worker protection and trade.
The GHS provides standardized definitions for chemical hazards, such as flammable liquids. It addresses classification of chemicals by types of hazard and proposes standardized hazard communication elements, including labels and safety data sheets.
The GHS is not a standard nor does it impose requirements on those countries which adopt it, such as a trade agreement would. It is a voluntary set of “building blocks” which each country can adopt as it sees fit. While the GHS is updated every two years, countries are not required to adopt each revision.
For countries that do not have existing chemical hazard systems, and may not have the resources to develop and maintain one, availability of a globally harmonized approach will allow them to provide necessary protections for their citizens while enabling them to participate in international trade.
NOTE: On March 26, 2012, aligned the Hazard Communication Standard with the 3rd edition of the GHS. On May 20, 2024, the standard was aligned with the 7th edition; changes to the standard took effect July 19, 2024.
NOTE: OSHA adopted the GHS hazard classification criteria for these health hazards:
NOTE: The hazard classification criteria for physical hazards include:
For each of these hazards, standardized label elements have been developed and agreed on, including symbols, signal words, and hazard statements.
As stated above, the GHS is not a standard nor does it impose requirements on those countries which adopt it, such as a trade agreement would. It is a voluntary set of “building blocks” which each country can adopt as it sees fit. On May 20, 2024, OSHA aligned its HazCom Standard with GHS Revision 7; the changes took effect July 19, 2024.
Other federal agency activities:
Implementation in other countries: