Are there any specific ladder climbing techniques mentioned that employees must use?

Yes, these are listed at 1910.23(b)(11)-(13):

• Each employee faces the ladder when climbing up or down it,
• Each employee uses at least one hand to grasp the ladder when climbing up and down it, and
• No employee carries any object or load that could cause the employee to lose balance and fall while climbing up or down the ladder.

In a letter of interpretation dated June 5, 2019, OSHA clarified that the rule requires employees to use at least one hand to grasp the ladder when climbing up and down it, but does not require employees to grasp a specific portion of the ladder, such as the horizontal rungs. The intent is for workers to maintain three points of control while climbing. OSHA considers grasping the horizontal rungs preferable, but recognizes that there may be times when it is necessary for employees to hold the side rails.